A cavalryman goes into battle carrying 150 rounds of rifle ammunition and 40 rounds of pistol ammunition. He habitually carries in his belt 90 rounds of rifle and 20 rounds of pistol ammunition. When about to go into a fight he gets 60 rounds of rifle and 20 rounds of pistol ammunition from his combat train.
All officers must train their men to economize in the use of ammunition.
Train service, even by rail for ammunition, would be inadequate if this were not done.
TRANSPORTATION
Organization commanders are responsible for all unauthorized material or supplies that may be put on their wagons. You should therefore become acquainted with the transportation attached to the smaller organizations. The wagons that carry your ammunition are called the Combat Train. The wagons that carry your authorized baggage, kitchen equipment, and food are called the Field Train.
THE RATION
A ration is the allowance (money) for the subsistence of one person for one day. It is based on the cost of a fixed amount of certain foods (such as meat, potatoes, bread, etc.) necessary for a workingman. As the cost of food in the different sections of the country varies, so does the cost of the ration. There are several kinds of ration based on what the soldier is doing and the climate he is in. If you are ever in command of a company, whether in the field or in barracks, one of your most important duties will be to supervise the cooking and messing of your company. You should, therefore, become familiar with the following rations:
(1) Garrison rations. Used by troops in garrison and during peace and on manuvers.
(2) Reserve ration. Carried on the person and in the trains.
(3) Field ration. The ration prescribed by the commander of a field force.
(4) Travel ration. Used when traveling.
(5) Emergency ration. Used by troops on an active campaign in an emergency.
(6) Filipino ration. For use of Filipino Scouts.
PROPERTY
In the absence of regulations on the subject, each Reserve Officer should own a good watch, a pair of field gla.s.ses, a compa.s.s, and a note book.
GUARD DUTY
Guards are used in camp or garrison to preserve order, to protect property, and to enforce police regulations. The commander of the guard is an officer or non-commissioned officer. He performs his duties under the supervision of the officer of the day. A sentinel is on post two hours out of every six. And a tour of guard duty is twenty-four hours.
As guard duty is of such utmost importance, and laxity, or failure to perform it properly, is very severely punished, the duties of all connected with it are clearly prescribed in the Guard Manual.
Orders for sentinels are divided into two cla.s.ses, general and special.
Each should be memorized. Special orders relate to particular posts and duties. General orders apply to all sentinels and are as follows:
"(1) To take charge of this post and all government property in view.
"(2) To walk my post in a military manner, keeping always on the alert and observing everything that takes place within sight or hearing.
"(3) To report all violations of orders I am instructed to enforce.
"(4) To repeat all calls from posts more distant from the guard house than my own.
"(5) To quit my post only when properly relieved.
"(6) To receive, obey, and pa.s.s on to the sentinel who relieves me all orders from the commanding officer, officer of the day, and officers and noncommissioned officers of the guard only.
"(7) To talk to no one except in line of duty.
"(8) In case of fire or disorder to give the alarm.
"(9) To allow no one to commit a nuisance on or near my post.
"(10) In any case not covered by instructions to call the corporal of the guard.
"(11) To be especially watchful at night, and, during the time for challenging, to challenge all persons on or near my post, and to allow no one to pa.s.s without proper authority." (Guard Manual.)
SALUTING
Saluting distance is that within which recognition is easy. In general it does not exceed thirty paces.
A junior, who is mounted, dismounts before addressing a senior who is dismounted. If the senior is mounted the junior does not dismount when addressing him.
A junior officer walks or rides on the left of his senior.
National Anthem. Whenever the National Anthem is played at any place when persons belonging to the military service are present all officers and enlisted men not in formation should stand at attention facing toward the music (except at retreat, when they should face toward the flag). If in uniform, covered, they shall salute at the first note of the anthem, retaining the position of salute until the last note of the anthem. If uncovered, stand at attention but do not salute. If not in uniform and covered they shall uncover at the first note of the anthem, holding the headdress opposite the left shoulder and so remain until its close, except that in inclement weather the headdress may be slightly raised.
The same rules apply when to the color or to the standard is sounded as when the National Anthem is played.
When played by an Army band, the National Anthem shall be played through without repet.i.tion of any part not required to be repeated to make it complete.
The same marks of respect prescribed for observance during the playing of the National Anthem of the United States shall be shown toward the national anthem of any other country when played upon official occasions.
Colors or Standards. Colors are the national and regimental flags of foot troops. Standards are the national and regimental flags of cavalry or field artillery. When pa.s.sing colors or standards, uncased (not in a waterproof case), the prescribed salute must always be rendered. By the prescribed salute is meant, if unarmed or armed with a saber which is sheathed, the "hand salute"; if armed with a drawn saber, the "present saber". If you, wearing civilian dress, pa.s.s them, uncover and hold the headdress opposite the left shoulder with the right hand.
BOOKS[3]
We recommend that all officers, non-commissioned officers and all privates who propose to work for advancement read the following books.
All can probably be obtained from the Adjutant General of the Army, Washington, D. C. Any other military books (desired can be purchased from the United States Infantry a.s.sociation, Union Trust Building, Washington, D. C.