This difference yet the judging world will see; Thou copiest Homer, and they copy thee. 40
FOOTNOTES:
[Footnote 20: "Mr Granville:" Lord Lansdowne.]
[Footnote 21: "Setting sun," &c.: Betterton, who had mustered up a company, and played in Lincoln"s-Inn Fields.]
[Footnote 22: "Neighbouring coast:" Drury Lane play-house.]
EPISTLE XII.
TO MY FRIEND MR MOTTEUX,[23] ON HIS TRAGEDY CALLED "BEAUTY IN DISTRESS."
"Tis hard, my friend, to write in such an age, As d.a.m.ns, not only poets, but the stage.
That sacred art, by Heaven itself infused, Which Moses, David, Solomon have used, Is now to be no more: the Muses" foes Would sink their Maker"s praises into prose.
Were they content to prune the lavish vine Of straggling branches, and improve the wine, Who but a madman would his thoughts defend?
All would submit; for all but fools will mend. 10 But when to common sense they give the lie, And turn distorted words to blasphemy, They give the scandal; and the wise discern, Their glosses teach an age, too apt to learn.
What I have loosely, or profanely, writ, Let them to fires, their due desert, commit: Nor, when accused by me, let them complain: Their faults, and not their function, I arraign.
Rebellion, worse than witchcraft, they pursued; The pulpit preach"d the crime, the people rued. 20 The stage was silenced; for the saints would see In fields perform"d their plotted tragedy.
But let us first reform, and then so live, That we may teach our teachers to forgive: Our desk be placed below their lofty chairs; Ours be the practice, as the precept theirs.
The moral part, at least, we may divide, Humility reward, and punish pride; Ambition, interest, avarice, accuse: These are the province of a tragic Muse. 30 These hast thou chosen; and the public voice Has equall"d thy performance with thy choice.
Time, action, place, are so preserved by thee, That even Corneille might with envy see The alliance of his tripled Unity.
Thy incidents, perhaps, too thick are sown; But too much plenty is thy fault alone.
At least but two can that good crime commit, Thou in design, and Wycherly in wit.
Let thy own Gauls condemn thee, if they dare; 40 Contented to be thinly regular: Born there, but not for them, our fruitful soil With more increase rewards thy happy toil.
Their tongue, enfeebled, is refined too much; And, like pure gold, it bends at every touch: Our st.u.r.dy Teuton yet will art obey, More fit for manly thought, and strengthen"d with allay.
But whence art thou inspired, and thou alone, To flourish in an idiom not thy own?
It moves our wonder, that a foreign guest 50 Should over-match the most, and match the best.
In under-praising thy deserts, I wrong; Here find the first deficience of our tongue: Words, once my stock, are wanting, to commend So great a poet, and so good a friend.
FOOTNOTES:
[Footnote 23: "Motteux:" an exiled Frenchman, translator of "Don Quixote," and a play-wright. Dryden alludes here to Collier"s attacks on himself.]
EPISTLE XIII.
TO MY HONOURED KINSMAN, JOHN DRYDEN,[24] OF CHESTERTON, IN THE COUNTY OF HUNTINGDON, ESQ.
How bless"d is he who leads a country life, Unvex"d with anxious cares, and void of strife!
Who studying peace, and shunning civil rage, Enjoy"d his youth, and now enjoys his age: All who deserve his love, he makes his own; And, to be loved himself, needs only to be known.
Just, good, and wise, contending neighbours come, From your award to wait their final doom; And, foes before, return in friendship home.
Without their cost, you terminate the cause; 10 And save the expense of long litigious laws: Where suits are traversed; and so little won, That he who conquers, is but last undone: Such are not your decrees; but so design"d, The sanction leaves a lasting peace behind; Like your own soul, serene; a pattern of your mind.
Promoting concord, and composing strife, Lord of yourself, unc.u.mber"d with a wife; Where, for a year, a month, perhaps a night, Long penitence succeeds a short delight: 20 Minds are so hardly match"d, that even the first, Though pair"d by Heaven, in Paradise were cursed.
For man and woman, though in one they grow, Yet, first or last, return again to two.
He to G.o.d"s image, she to his was made; So farther from the fount the stream at random stray"d.
How could he stand, when, put to double pain, He must a weaker than himself sustain!
Each might have stood perhaps; but each alone; Two wrestlers help to pull each other down. 30
Not that my verse would blemish all the fair; But yet, if some be bad, "tis wisdom to beware; And better shun the bait, than struggle in the snare.
Thus have you shunn"d, and shun the married state, Trusting as little as you can to fate.
No porter guards the pa.s.sage of your door, To admit the wealthy, and exclude the poor; For G.o.d, who gave the riches, gave the heart, To sanctify the whole, by giving part; Heaven, who foresaw the will, the means has wrought, 40 And to the second son a blessing brought; The first-begotten had his father"s share: But you, like Jacob, are Rebecca"s heir.[25]
So may your stores and fruitful fields increase; And ever be you bless"d, who live to bless.
As Ceres sow"d, where"er her chariot flew; As Heaven in deserts rain"d the bread of dew; So free to many, to relations most, You feed with manna your own Israel host.
With crowds attended of your ancient race, 50 You seek the champion sports, or sylvan chase: With well-breath"d beagles you surround the wood, Even then, industrious of the common good: And often have you brought the wily fox To suffer for the firstlings of the flocks; Chased even amid the folds; and made to bleed, Like felons, where they did the murderous deed.
This fiery game your active youth maintain"d; Not yet by years extinguish"d, though restrain"d: You season still with sports your serious hours: 60 For age but tastes of pleasures youth devours.
The hare in pastures or in plains is found, Emblem of human life, who runs the round; And, after all his wandering ways are done, His circle fills, and ends where he begun-- Just as the setting meets the rising sun.
Thus princes ease their cares; but happier he, Who seeks not pleasure through necessity, Than such as once on slippery thrones were placed; And chasing, sigh to think themselves are chased. 70
So lived our sires, ere doctors learn"d to kill, And multiplied with theirs the weekly bill.
The first physicians by debauch were made: Excess began, and sloth sustains the trade, Pity the generous kind their cares bestow To search forbidden truths (a sin to know), To which, if human science could attain, The doom of death, p.r.o.nounced by G.o.d, were vain.
In vain the leech would interpose delay; Fate fastens first, and vindicates the prey. 80 What help from art"s endeavours can we have?
Gibbons[26] but guesses, nor is sure to save: But Maurus[27] sweeps whole parishes, and peoples every grave; And no more mercy to mankind will use, Than when he robb"d and murder"d Maro"s Muse.
Wouldst thou be soon despatch"d, and perish whole, Trust Maurus with thy life, and Milbourn[28] with thy soul.
By chase our long-lived fathers earn"d their food; Toil strung the nerves, and purified the blood: But we their sons, a pamper"d race of men, 90 Are dwindled down to threescore years and ten.
Better to hunt in fields for health unbought, Than fee the doctor for a nauseous draught.
The wise, for cure, on exercise depend; G.o.d never made his work for man to mend.
The tree of knowledge, once in Eden placed, Was easy found, but was forbid the taste: Oh, had our grandsire walk"d without his wife, He first had sought the better plant of life!
Now both are lost: yet, wandering in the dark, 100 Physicians, for the tree, have found the bark: They, labouring for relief of human kind, With sharpen"d sight some remedies may find; The apothecary-train is wholly blind, From files a random recipe they take, And many deaths of one prescription make.
Garth,[29] generous as his Muse, prescribes and gives; The shopman sells; and by destruction lives: Ungrateful tribe! who, like the viper"s brood, From medicine issuing, suck their mother"s blood! 110 Let these obey; and let the learn"d prescribe; That men may die, without a double bribe: Let them, but under their superiors, kill; When doctors first have sign"d the b.l.o.o.d.y bill; He "scapes the best, who, nature to repair, Draws physic from the fields, in draughts of vital air.
You h.o.a.rd not health, for your own private use; But on the public spend the rich produce.
When, often urged, unwilling to be great, Your country calls you from your loved retreat, 120 And sends to senates, charged with common care, Which none more shuns, and none can better bear; Where could they find another form"d so fit, To poise, with solid sense, a sprightly wit?
Were these both wanting, as they both abound, Where could so firm integrity be found?
Well born, and wealthy, wanting no support, You steer betwixt the country and the court: Nor gratify whate"er the great desire, Nor grudging give what public needs require. 130 Part must be left, a fund when foes invade; And part employ"d to roll the watery trade: Even Canaan"s happy land, when worn with toil, Required a sabbath-year to mend the meagre soil.
Good senators (and such as you) so give, That kings may be supplied, the people thrive.