We are reminded that the printing-office has furnished many eminent scholars to the world. Young men have there come in contact with printed matter that has aroused their intellects to action, and caused them to press onward, with new resolves, in paths of usefulness and renown.
In the case of Benjamin, the circ.u.mstance of his connection with the office just at the time a new paper was established called out a certain kind of talent he possessed, and thus helped to make him what he became. Success depends in a great measure in early directing the young in the path to which their natural endowments point. Thus Lord Nelson, who distinguished himself in the service of his country, was early placed in just those circ.u.mstances that appealed to his fort.i.tude and other heroic attributes. That he possessed by nature remarkable courage and determination, in connection with other qualities that usually accompany these, is evident from an incident of his childhood. One day he strayed from home with a cow-boy in search of birds" nests, and being missed at dinner-time, and inquiries made for him, the startling suspicion was awakened that he had been carried off by gipsies. The alarm of his parents was great, and a careful search was inst.i.tuted, when he was found sitting on the banks of a stream which he could not cross, unconcerned and happy.
"I wonder, child," said his grandmother, when he was brought back in safety to the family, "that hunger and fear did not drive you home."
"Fear!" exclaimed the heroic lad, "I never saw fear,--what is it?"
He was taken by his uncle into the naval service while he was yet a boy, where the scenes of every day were suited to develop and strengthen the heroic qualities of his nature. He became known to the world, not merely for his victories at Trafalgar and on the Nile, but for other essential service rendered to his native land.
The same was true of Buxton, Wilberforce, Pascal, Handel, Canova, Dr.
Chalmers, and many others. Providence opened before them the path to which their native qualities directed.
We have spoken of the advantage of occasionally writing compositions, as Benjamin was wont to write, and another fact ill.u.s.trating this point has just come to our notice. It is an incident belonging to the history of the Boston Young Men"s Temperance Society. In addition to its being a temperance organization, it was sustained for mutual mental improvement. With other exercises, the members read lectures of their own preparing at the meetings,--a very important and valuable arrangement. One evening a member delivered a lecture upon the character and objects of the society, which was listened to by a young man who dropped into the hall for the first time. He was so well pleased with the design of the a.s.sociation, as set forth in the lecture, that he joined it at the close of the exercises. He began at once to fulfil the requirements of the society in writing compositions, and they were so well written that the author of the aforesaid lecture said to him one evening--
"Why do you not write something for the press? If I possessed your ability I should do it."
The young man received the compliment with becoming modesty, expressing some lack of confidence in his abilities; but it set him to thinking. The result was that he prepared a short article for a Boston paper, which was accepted; and the way was thereby opened to his becoming a constant contributor to its columns. The end is not yet, though he is now the author of the popular "Optic Library." Thus so small a matter as writing a brief article for a newspaper may herald a career of literary fame.
CHAPTER XIV.
THE ARREST.
"Have you heard what they are doing in the a.s.sembly?" asked Benjamin one afternoon, as he entered the office under considerable excitement, addressing his inquiry to James.
"Doing?" answered James; "doing their business, I suppose;"--a reply that did not indicate precisely his knowledge of the legislative doings, since he had heard of the business before them, and was somewhat troubled by it.
"They are certainly going to arrest you for libel, and I heard a gentleman say, in the street, that they would show you no favour;" and Benjamin made this revelation with considerable warmth of feeling. The idea of his brother"s arrest and imprisonment excited him in no small degree.
On the same day the following order was pa.s.sed in the General Court:--
"IN COUNCIL, Jan. 14, 1722.
"Whereas the paper, called the New England Courant, of this day"s date, contains many pa.s.sages in which the Holy Scriptures are perverted, and the Civil Government, Ministers, and People of this Province highly reflected on,
_Ordered_, That William Tailer, Samuel Sewell, and Penn Townsend, Esqrs., with such as the Honourable House of Representatives shall join, be a committee to consider and report what is proper for the Court to do thereon."
The House of Representatives concurred, and the committee reported:--
"That James Franklin, the printer and publisher thereof (the Courant), be strictly forbidden by this Court to print or publish the New England Courant, or any other pamphlet or paper of the like nature, except it be first supervised by the Secretary of this Province; and the Justices of his Majesty"s Sessions of the Peace for the County of Suffolk, at their next adjournment, be directed to take sufficient bonds of the said Franklin for twelve months" time."
The result was, that James was arrested and confined four weeks in the "stone gaol," from which he was released by his voluntary pledge to regard the honour of the Court. Benjamin was arrested, also; but was discharged on the ground that he acted as an apprentice, and was obliged to do the bidding of his master.
It appears that there was considerable dissatisfaction in the Province with the British government, under which the people lived. The Courant espoused the cause of the dissatisfied party, and, perhaps unwisely, attacked the government and its officers, together with the ministers of the Gospel, whose sympathies seemed to be with the dominant party. It was a time of considerable excitement, so that a little firebrand thrown into the community was sure to make a great fire. But the immediate cause of his arrest was the appearance of the following article in his paper, which was a slur upon the government for tardiness in fitting out a ship to cruise after a pirate seen off Block Island. The article purported to be written by a correspondent in Newport, R. I., and read thus:--
"We are advised from Boston, that the government of the Ma.s.sachusetts are fitting out a ship to go after the pirates, to be commanded by Captain Peter Papillon, and _"tis thought he will sail some time this month, wind and weather permitting_."
This well-pointed censure, in connection with the many flings and attacks that had preceded it, aroused the General Court to act in their defence without delay.
The club under whose auspices the Courant was conducted, a.s.sembled at the office as soon as they knew the decision of the Court, to consider what should be done.
"It is certain," said one, "that you cannot continue to issue the paper against the action of the Court."
"Not in his own name," suggested another. "It may still be published in the name of another person, and thus the legislative order will be evaded."
"How will it do to issue it in Benjamin"s name?" inquired James.
"That cannot be done, for he is only an apprentice, as could be very readily proved," was the reply.
"I can easily meet that difficulty," answered James, who was usually ready for a shrewd evasion in such a case.
"Pray, tell us how," asked one of the number, who was disposed to think that the days of the Courant were numbered. "By changing the name?"
"No, I would not change the name. I will return his indenture, with his discharge upon the back of it, and he can show it in case of necessity. We can understand the matter between us, while he will be his own man whenever any trouble may arise about his apprenticeship."
All agreed that this plan would work well, and it was accordingly adopted.
"Benjamin Franklin, publisher and proprietor," said one of the club, rising from his seat and patting Benjamin on the shoulder. "What do you think of that, my son? Rather a young fellow to undertake such an enterprise, but a match, I guess, for the General Court of the Province."
Benjamin was quite unprepared to reply to the merriment of the club on the occasion over his unexpected introduction to an office of which he did not dream in the morning. He was now to appear before the public in quite another relation than that of apprentice,--probably the youngest conductor of a newspaper who ever lived, for he was only sixteen years of age.
Henceforth the paper appeared in the name of Benjamin Franklin, occasioning, by all the circ.u.mstances, no little excitement in the town.
James was conveyed to prison, and during his confinement, Benjamin had the whole management of the paper, in which he took occasion to speak very plainly and boldly against the government. Notwithstanding the difficulty that existed between him and his brother, his heart was stirred with resentment against the Court for sending him to jail, and he espoused his cause with as much sympathy and good-will, apparently, as he could have done if no difference had disturbed their intercourse. This was honourable in Benjamin, and showed that he possessed a true brother"s heart. For three years the paper was published in his name, although he did not remain with James so long.
We have referred to the time of Benjamin"s boyhood as a period of public excitement and disturbance. Great alarm was frequently occasioned, for some time before and some time after his birth, by the depredations of the Indians. The French were hostile to Great Britain; so they sought to stir up, and ally themselves with, the savages, in making inroads upon the Colonies. The consequence was, "wars and rumours of wars," with actual ma.s.sacres and bloodshed. Benjamin"s ears, in his early life, were often saluted with the harrowing tales of slaughter and conflagration, an experience that may have qualified him, in a measure, to act the prominent part he did in achieving the independence of his country, half a century thereafter. Rev. Dr.
Willard, who baptized him, was driven from the town of Groton by the Indians in 1675. Later still, only three years before the birth of Benjamin, the town of Deerfield was attacked and burned by these savage tribes, instigated and led on by the French,--and "upwards of forty persons were slain, and more than a hundred were made prisoners." "When the sun was an hour high, the work was finished, and the enemy took their departure, leaving the snow reddened with blood, and the deserted village enveloped in flames." Only two or three years after his birth, the famous attack upon Haverhill was made, when the Indians ma.s.sacred men, women, and children indiscriminately, a few only escaping their terrible vengeance. The stories of such dreadful cruelties and sufferings were fresh in Benjamin"s boyhood, and their effect upon the youthful mind was heightened by the frequent reports of outbreaks and antic.i.p.ated Indian attacks from different quarters.
Thus born and reared in troublous times, our hero was prepared to work out his destiny in the most perilous period of American history.
A single item published in the Courant about this time, will show the young reader that Boston and its environs of that early day did not much resemble the same city now. The item is the following:--
"It is thought that not less than twenty bears have been killed in about a week"s time within two miles of Boston. Two have been killed below the Castle, as they were swimming from one island to another, and one attempted to board a boat out in the bay, but the men defended themselves so well with the boat-hook and oars, that they put out her eyes, and then killed her. On Tuesday last two were killed at Dorchester, one of which weighed sixty pounds a quarter. We hear from Providence that the bears appear to be very thick in those parts."
CHAPTER XV.
THE RUNAWAY.
Not long after James was released from prison, a fresh difficulty arose between Benjamin and himself. In the quarrel they seemed to forget that they were brothers, who ought to be united by strong ties of affection. James continued to be pa.s.sionate and domineering, treating his brother with harshness, sometimes even beating him, notwithstanding he was the nominal publisher and editor of a paper.
Benjamin thought he was too old to be treated thus--whipped like a little boy--and the result was that he a.s.serted his freedom.