I condole with you, from my soul, on the melancholy account of your own brother"s situation; G.o.d grant you may not hear such tidings! Oh! it makes the heart groan, that, with such a beautiful world as this to live in, and such a soul as that of man"s is by nature and gift of G.o.d, that we should go about on such errands as we do, destroying and laying waste; and ninety-nine of us in a hundred never easy in any road that travels towards peace and quietness. And yet, what virtue and what goodness, what heroism and courage, what triumphs of disinterested love everywhere, and human life, after all, what is it! Surely, this is not to be for ever, even on this perishable planet! Come to us to-morrow, if you can; your conversation, I know, will do me good.
All send best remembrances to you all.
Your affectionate friend, W. WORDSWORTH.
The following, to another friend, completes the sad tale:
Grasmere, March 16. 1805.
He wrote to us from Portsmouth, about twelve days before this disaster, full of hopes, saying that he was to sail to-morrow. Of course, at the time when we heard this deplorable news, we imagined that he was as far on his voyage as Madeira. It was, indeed, a thunderstroke to us! The language which he held was always so encouraging, saying that ships were, in nine instances out of ten, lost by mismanagement: he had, indeed, a great fear of pilots, and I have often heard him say, that no situation could be imagined more distressing than that of being at the mercy of these men. "Oh!" said he, "it is a joyful hour for us when we get rid of them." His fears, alas! were too well founded; his own ship was lost while under the management of the pilot, whether mismanaged by him or not, I do not know; but know for certain, which is, indeed, our great consolation, that our dear brother did all that man could do, even to the sacrifice of his own life. The newspaper accounts were grossly inaccurate; indeed, that must have been obvious to any person who could bear to think upon the subject, for they were absolutely unintelligible.
There are two pamphlets upon the subject; one a mere transcript from the papers; the other may be considered, as to all important particulars, as of authority; it is by a person high in the India House, and contains the deposition of the surviving officers concerning the loss of the ship. The pamphlet, I am told, is most unfeelingly written: I have only seen an extract from it, containing Gilpin"s deposition, the fourth mate. From this, it appears that every thing was done that could be done, under the circ.u.mstances, for the safety of the lives and the ship.
My poor brother was standing on the hen-coop (which is placed upon the p.o.o.p, and is the most commanding situation in the vessel) when she went down, and he was thence washed overboard by a large sea, which sank the ship. He was seen struggling with the waves some time afterwards, having laid hold, it is said, of a rope. He was an excellent swimmer; but what could it avail in such a sea, enc.u.mbered with his clothes, and exhausted in body, as he must have been!
For myself, I feel that there is something cut out of my life which cannot be restored. I never thought of him but with hope and delight: we looked forward to the time, not distant, as we thought, when he would settle near us, when the task of his life would be over, and he would have nothing to do but reap his reward. By that time, I hoped also that the chief part of my labours would be executed, and that I should be able to show him that he had not placed a false confidence in me. I never wrote a line without a thought of its giving him pleasure: my writings, printed and ma.n.u.script, were his delight, and one of the chief solaces of his long voyages. But let me stop: I will not be cast down; were it only for his sake, I will not be dejected. I have much yet to do, and pray G.o.d to give me strength and power: his part of the agreement between us is brought to an end, mine continues; and I hope when I shall be able to think of him with a calmer mind, that the remembrance of him dead will even animate me more than the joy which I had in him living. I wish you would procure the pamphlet I have mentioned; you may know the right one, by its having a motto from Shakspeare, from Clarence"s dream. I wish you to see it, that you may read G."s statement, and be enabled, if the affair should ever be mentioned in your hearing, to correct the errors which they must have fallen into who have taken their ideas from the newspaper accounts. I have dwelt long, too long I fear, upon this subject, but I could not write to you upon any thing else, till I had unburthened my heart. We have great consolations from the sources you allude to; but, alas! we have much yet to endure. Time only can give us regular tranquillity. We neither murmur nor repine, but sorrow we must; we should be senseless else.[54]
[54] _Memoirs_, i. 288-98.
30. _Of Dryden_.
LETTER TO SIR WALTER SCOTT.[55]
[55] From Lockhart"s _Life of Scott_, vol. ii. pp. 287-9 (edit. 1856).
Paterdale, Nov. 7. 1803.
MY DEAR SCOTT,
I was much pleased to hear of your engagement with Dryden: not that he is, as a poet, any great favourite of mine. I admire his talents and genius highly, but his is not a poetical genius. The only qualities I can find in Dryden that are _essentially_ poetical, are a certain ardour and impetuosity of mind, with an excellent ear. It may seem strange that I do not add to this, great command of language. _That_ he certainly has, and of such language too, as it is most desirable that a poet should possess, or rather, that he should not be without. But it is not language that is, in the highest sense of the word, poetical, being neither of the imagination nor of the pa.s.sions; I mean the amiable, the enn.o.bling, or the intense pa.s.sions. I do not mean to say that there is nothing of this in Dryden, but as little, I think, as is possible, considering how much he has written. You will easily understand my meaning, when I refer to his versification of "Palamon and Arcite," as contrasted with the language of Chaucer. Dryden had neither a tender heart nor a lofty sense of moral dignity. Whenever his language is poetically impa.s.sioned, it is mostly upon unpleasing subjects, such as the follies, vices, and crimes of cla.s.ses of men, or of individuals.
That his cannot be the language of imagination, must have necessarily followed from this,--that there is not a single image from Nature in the whole body of his works; and in his translation from Virgil, whenever Virgil can be fairly said to have his _eye_ upon his object, Dryden always spoils the pa.s.sage.
But too much of this; I am glad that you are to be his editor. His political and satirical pieces may be greatly benefited by ill.u.s.tration, and even absolutely require it. A correct text is the first object of an editor; then such notes as explain difficult or obscure pa.s.sages; and lastly, which is much less important, notes pointing out authors to whom the Poet has been indebted, not in the fiddling way of phrase here and phrase there (which is detestable as a general practice), but where he has had essential obligations either as to matter or manner.
If I can be of any use to you, do not fail to apply to me. One thing I may take the liberty to suggest, which is, when you come to the fables, might it not be advisable to print the whole of the Tales of Boccace in a smaller type in the original language? If this should look too much like swelling a book, I should certainly make such extracts as would show where Dryden has most strikingly improved upon, or fallen below, his original. I think his translations from Boccace are the best, at least the most poetical, of his poems. It is many years since I saw Boccace, but I remember that Sigismunda is not married by him to Guiscard (the names are different in Boccace in both tales, I believe, certainly in Theodore, &c.). I think Dryden has much injured the story by the marriage, and degraded Sigismunda"s character by it. He has also, to the best of my remembrance, degraded her still more, by making her love absolute sensuality and appet.i.te; Dryden had no other notion of the pa.s.sion. With all these defects, and they are very gross ones, it is a n.o.ble poem. Guiscard"s answer, when first reproached by Tancred, is n.o.ble in Boccace, nothing but this: _Amor pua molto piu che ne roi ne io possiamo_. This, Dryden has spoiled. He says first very well, "The faults of love by love are justified," and then come four lines of miserable rant, quite _a la Maximin_. Farewell, and believe me ever,
Your affectionate friend, WILLIAM WORDSWORTH.
31. _Of Marmion_.
EXTRACT OF LETTER TO SIR WALTER SCOTT (1808).
Thank you for "Marmion." I think your end has been attained. That it is not the end which I should wish you to propose to yourself, you will be well aware, from what you know of my notions of composition, both as to matter and manner. In the circle of my acquaintance it seems as well liked as the "Lay," though I have heard that in the world it is not so.
Had the Poem been much better than the Lay, it could scarcely have satisfied the public, which has too much of the monster, the moral monster, in its composition. The Spring has burst out upon us all at once, and the vale is now in exquisite beauty; a gentle shower has fallen this morning, and I hear the thrush, who has built in my orchard, singing amain. How happy we should be to see you here again! Ever, my dear Scott, your sincere friend,
W. W.[56]
32. _Topographical History_, &_c_.
LETTER TO REV. FRANCIS WRANGHAM, HUNMANBY, NEAR BRIDLINGTON, YORKSHIRE.
Grasmere, Oct. 2. 1808.
MY DEAR WRANGHAM,
In what are you employed--I mean by way of amus.e.m.e.nt and relaxation from your professional duties? Is there any topographical history of your neighbourhood? I remember reading White"s _Natural History and Antiquities of Selbourne_ with great pleasure, when a boy at school, and I have lately read Dr. Whitaker"s _History of Craven and Whalley_, both with profit and pleasure. Would it not be worth your while to give some of your leisure hours to a work of this kind, making those works partly your model, and adding thereto from the originality of your own mind?
With your activity you might produce something of this kind of general interest, taking for your limit any division in your neighbourhood, natural, ecclesiastical, or civil: suppose, for example, the coast from the borders of Cleveland, or from Scarborough, to Spurnhead; and inward into the country to any boundary that you might approve of. Pray think of this. I am induced to mention it from belief that you are admirably qualified for such a work; that it would pleasantly employ your leisure hours; and from a regret in seeing works of this kind, which might be made so very interesting, utterly marred by falling into the hands of wretched bunglers, _e.g._ the _History of Cleveland_, which I have just read, by a Clergyman of ----, the most heavy performance I ever encountered; and what an interesting district! Pray let me hear from you soon.
Affectionately and sincerely yours, W. WORDSWORTH.[57]
[56] Lockhart"s _Life_, iii. 45-6.
[57] _Memoirs_, i. 385-6.
33. _The War in Spain: Benefactors of Mankind, &c._
TO THE SAME.
Grasmere, Dec. 3. 1808.
MY DEAR WRANGHAM,
On the other side you have the prospectus of a weekly essay intended to be published by your friend Coleridge.
Your Sermon did not reach me till the night before last; we have all read it, and are much pleased with it. Upon the whole, I like it better than the last: it must have been heard with great interest. I differ, however, from you in a few particulars. 1st. The Spaniards "devoting themselves for an imprisoned Bourbon, or the crumbling relics of the Inquisition." This is very fair for pointing a sentence, but it is not the truth. They have told us over and over again, that they are _fighting against a foreign tyrant_, who has dealt with them most perfidiously and inhumanly, who must hate them for their worth, and on account of the injuries they have received from him, and whom they must hate accordingly; _against_ a ruler over whom they could have no control, and _for_ one whom they have told us they will establish as a sovereign of a _free_ people, and therefore must he himself be a limited monarch. You will permit me to make to you this representation for its truth"s sake, and because it gives me an opportunity of letting out a secret, viz. that I myself am very deep in this subject, and about to publish upon it, first, I believe, in a newspaper, for the sake of immediate and wide circulation; and next, the same matter in a separate pamphlet, under the t.i.tle of "The Convention of Cintra brought to the test of principles, and the people of Great Britain vindicated from the charge of having prejudged it." You will wonder to hear me talk of principles when I have told you that I also do not go along with you in your sentiments respecting the Roman Catholic question. I confess I am not prepared to see the Roman Catholic religion as the Established Church of Ireland; and how that can be consistently refused to them, if other things are granted on the plea of their being the majority, I do not see. Certainly this demand will follow, and how would it be answered?
There is yet another circ.u.mstance in which I differ from you. If Dr.
Bell"s plan of education be of that importance which it appears to be of, it cannot be a matter of indifference whether he or Lancaster have a rightful claim to the invention. For Heaven"s sake let all benefactors of their species have the honour due to them. Virgil gives a high place in Elysium to the improvers of life, and it is neither the least philosophical or least poetical pa.s.sage of the _Aeneid_.[58] These points of difference being stated, I may say that in other things I greatly approve both of the matter and manner of your Sermon.
Do not fail to return my best thanks to the lady to whom I am obliged for the elegant and accurate drawing of Broughton Church. I should have written to thank her and you for it immediately, but I foresaw that I should have occasion to write to you on this or other business.
All here desire their best remembrances; and believe me (in great haste, for I have several other letters to write on the same subject), affectionately yours,
W. WORDSWORTH.[59]
[58] "Quique sui memores alios fecere merendo." _Aen_. vi. 664.
[59] _Memoirs_, i. 386-8.
34. _The Convention of Cintra: the Roman Catholics_.