Above all, how did Grewgious, if in Cloisterham, come to be at hand at midnight?
ANOTHER WAY
If I must make a guess, I conjecture that Jasper had one of his "filmy"
seizures, was "in a frightful sort of dream," and bungled the murder: made an incomplete job of it. Half-strangled men and women have often recovered. In Jasper"s opium vision and reminiscence there was no resistance, all was very soon over. Jasper might even bungle the locking of the door of the vault. He was apt to have a seizure after opium, in moments of excitement, and _he had been at the opium den through the night of December_ 23, for the hag tracked him from her house in town to Cloisterham on December 24, the day of the crime. Grant that his accustomed fit came upon him during the excitement of the murder, as it does come after "a nicht wi" opium," in chapter ii., when Edwin excites him by contemptuous talk of the girl whom Jasper loves so furiously-and then anything may happen!
Jasper murders Edwin inefficiently; he has a fit; while he is unconscious the quicklime revives Edwin, by burning his hand, say, and, during Jasper"s swoon, Edwin, like another famous prisoner, "has a happy thought, he opens the door, and walks out."
Being drugged, he is in a dreamy state; knows not clearly what has occurred, or who attacked him. Jasper revives, "look on"t again he dare not,"-on the body of his victim-and _he_ walks out and goes home, where his red lamp has burned all the time-"thinking it all wery capital."
"Another way,"-Jasper not only fails to strangle Drood, but fails to lock the door of the vault, and Drood walks out after Jasper has gone. Jasper has, before his fit, "removed from the body the most lasting, the best known, and most easily recognizable things upon it, the watch and scarf-pin." So d.i.c.kens puts the popular view of the case against Neville Landless, and so we are to presume that Jasper acted. If he removed no more things from the body than these, he made a fatal oversight.
Meanwhile, how does Edwin, once out of the vault, make good a secret escape from Cloisterham? Mr. Proctor invokes the aid of Mr. Grewgious, but does not explain why Grewgious was on the spot. I venture to think it not inconceivable that Mr. Grewgious having come down to Cloisterham by a late train, on Christmas Eve, to keep his Christmas appointment with Rosa, paid a darkling visit to the tomb of his lost love, Rosa"s mother.
Grewgious was very sentimental, but too secretive to pay such a visit by daylight. "A night of memories and sighs" he might "consecrate" to his lost lady love, as Landor did to Rose Aylmer. Grewgious was to have helped Bazzard to eat a turkey on Christmas Day. But he could get out of that engagement. He would wish to see Edwin and Rosa together, and Edwin was leaving Cloisterham. The date of Grewgious"s arrival at Cloisterham is studiously concealed. I offer at least a conceivable motive for Grewgious"s possible presence at the churchyard. Mrs. Bud, his lost love, we have been told, was buried hard by the Sapsea monument. If Grewgious visited her tomb, he was on the spot to help Edwin, supposing Edwin to escape. Unlikelier things occur in novels. I do not, in fact, call these probable occurrences in every-day life, but none of the story is probable. Jasper"s "weird seizures" are meant to lead up to _something_. They may have been meant to lead up to the failure of the murder and the escape of Edwin. Of course d.i.c.kens would not have treated these incidents, when he came to make Edwin explain,-n.o.body else could explain,-in my studiously simple style. The drugged Edwin himself would remember the circ.u.mstances but mistily: his evidence would be of no value against Jasper.
Mr. Proctor next supposes, we saw, that Drood got into touch with Grewgious, and I have added the circ.u.mstances which might take Grewgious to the churchyard. Next, when Edwin recovered health, he came down, perhaps, as Datchery, to spy on Jasper. I have elsewhere said, as Mr.
c.u.ming Walters quotes me, that "fancy can suggest no reason why Edwin Drood, if he escaped from his wicked uncle, should go spying about instead of coming openly forward. No plausible unfantastic reason could be invented." Later, I shall explain why Edwin, if he is Datchery, might go spying alone.
It is also urged that Edwin left Rosa in sorrow, and left blame on Neville Landless. Why do this? Mr. Proctor replies that Grewgious"s intense and watchful interest in Neville, otherwise unexplained, is due to his knowledge that Drood is alive, and that Neville must be cared for, while Grewgious has told Rosa that Edwin lives. He also told her of Edwin"s real love of her, hence Miss Bud says, "Poor, poor Eddy," quite _a propos de bottes_, when she finds herself many fathoms deep in love with Lieutenant Tartar, R.N. ""Poor, poor Eddy!" thought Rosa, as they walked along," Tartar and she. This is a plausible suggestion of Mr.
Proctor. Edwin, though known to Rosa to be alive, has no chance! But, as to my own remark, "why should not Edwin come forward at once, instead of spying about?" Well, if he did, there would be no story. As for "an unfantastic reason" for his conduct, d.i.c.kens is not writing an "unfantastic" novel. Moreover, if things occurred as I have suggested, I do not see what evidence Drood had against Jasper. Edwin"s clothes were covered with lime, but, when he told his story, Jasper would reply that Drood never returned to his house on Christmas Eve, but stayed out, "doing what was correct by the season, in the way of giving it the welcome it had the right to expect," like Durdles on another occasion.
Drood"s evidence, if it was what I have suggested, would sound like the dream of an intoxicated man, and what other evidence could be adduced?
Thus I had worked out Drood"s condition, if he really was not killed, in this way: I had supposed him to escape, in a very mixed frame of mind, when he would be encountered by Grewgious, who, of course, could make little out of him in his befogged state. Drood could not even prove that it was not Landless who attacked him. The result would be that Drood would lie low, and later, would have reason enough for disguising himself as Datchery, and playing the spy in Cloisterham.
At this point I was reinforced by an opinion which Mr. William Archer had expressed, unknown to me, in a newspaper article. I had described Edwin"s confused knowledge of his own experience, if he were thoroughly drugged, and then half strangled. Mr. Archer also took that point, and added that Edwin being a good-hearted fellow, and fond of his uncle Jasper, he would not bring, or let Grewgious bring, a terrible charge against Jasper, till he knew more certainly the whole state of the case.
For that reason, he would come disguised to Cloisterham and make inquiries. By letting Jasper know about the ring, he would compel him to enter the vault, and then, Mr. Archer thinks, would induce him to "repent and begin life afresh."
I scarcely think that Datchery"s purpose was so truly honourable: he rather seems to be getting up a case against Jasper. Still, the idea of Mr. Archer is very plausible, and, at least, given Drood"s need of evidence, and the lack of evidence against Jasper, we see reason good, in a novel of this kind, for his playing the part of amateur detective.
d.i.c.kENS"S UNUSED DRAFT OF A CHAPTER
Forster found, and published, a very illegible sketch of a chapter of the tale: "How Mr. Sapsea ceased to be a Member of the Eight Club, Told by Himself." This was "a cramped, interlined, and blotted" draft, on paper of only half the size commonly used by d.i.c.kens. Mr. Sapsea tells how his Club mocked him about a stranger, who had mistaken him for the Dean. The jacka.s.s, Sapsea, left the Club, and met the stranger, _a young man_, who fooled him to the top of his bent, saying, "If I was to deny that I came to this town to see and hear you, Sir, what would it avail me?"
Apparently this paper was a rough draft of an idea for introducing a detective, as a _young_ man, who mocks Sapsea just as Datchery does in the novel. But to make the spy a _young_ man, whether the spy was Drood or Helena Landless, was too difficult; and therefore d.i.c.kens makes Datchery "an elderly buffer" in a white wig. If I am right, it was easier for Helena, a girl, to pose as a young man, than for Drood to reappear as a young man, not himself. Helena _may_ be Datchery, and yet Drood may be alive and biding his time; but I have disproved my old objection that there was no reason why Drood, if alive, should go spying about in disguise. There were good d.i.c.kensian reasons.
A QUESTION OF TASTE
Mr. c.u.ming Walters argues that the story is very tame if Edwin is still alive, and left out of the marriages at the close. Besides, "Drood is little more than a name-label, attached to a body, a man who never excites sympathy, whose fate causes no emotion, he is saved for no useful or sentimental purpose, and lags superfluous on the stage. All of which is bad art, so bad that d.i.c.kens would never have been guilty of it."
That is a question of taste. On rereading the novel, I see that d.i.c.kens makes Drood as sympathetic as he can. He is very young, and speaks of Rosa with bad taste, but he is really in love with her, much more so than she with him, and he is piqued by her ceaseless mockery, and by their false position. To Jasper he is singularly tender, and remorseful when he thinks that he has shown want of tact. There is nothing ominous about his gaiety: as to his one fault, we leave him, on Christmas Eve, a converted character: he has a kind word and look for every one whom he meets, young and old. He accepts Mr. Grewgious"s very stern lecture in the best manner possible. In short, he is marked as faulty-"I am young,"
so he excuses himself, in the very words of Darnley to Queen Mary! (if the Glasgow letter be genuine); but he is also marked as sympathetic.
He was, I think, to have a lesson, and to become a good fellow. Mr.
Proctor rightly argues (and Forster "thinks"), that d.i.c.kens meant to kill Neville Landless: Mr. c.u.ming Walters agrees with him, but Mr. Proctor truly adds that Edwin has none of the signs of d.i.c.kens"s doomed men, his Sidney Cartons, and the rest. You can tell, as it were by the sound of the voice of d.i.c.kens, says Mr. Proctor, that Edwin is to live. The impression is merely subjective, but I feel the impression. The doom of Landless is conspicuously fixed, and why is Landless to be killed by Jasper? Merely to have a count on which to hang Jasper! He cannot be hanged for killing Drood, if Drood is alive.
MR. PROCTOR"S THEORY CONTINUED
Mr. Proctor next supposes that Datchery and others, by aid of the opium hag, have found out a great deal of evidence against Jasper. They have discovered from the old woman that his crime was long premeditated: he had threatened "Ned" in his opiated dreams: and had clearly removed Edwin"s trinkets and watch, because they would not be destroyed, with his body, by the quicklime. This is all very well, but there is still, so far, no legal evidence, on my theory, that Jasper attempted to take Edwin"s life. Jasper"s enemies, therefore, can only do their best to make his life a burden to him, and to give him a good fright, probably with the hope of terrifying him into avowals.
Now the famous ring begins "to drag and hold" the murderer. He is given to know, I presume, that, when Edwin disappeared, he had a gold ring in the pocket of his coat. Jasper is thus compelled to revisit the vault, at night, and there, in the light of his lantern, he sees the long-lost Edwin, with his hand in the breast of his great coat.
Horrified by this unexpected appearance, Jasper turns to fly. But he is confronted by Neville Landless, Crisparkle, Tartar, and perhaps by Mr.
Grewgious, who are all on the watch. He rushes up through the only outlet, the winding staircase of the Cathedral tower, of which we know that he has had the key. Neville, who leads his pursuers, "receives his death wound" (and, I think, is pitched off the top of the roof). Then Jasper is collared by that agile climber, Tartar, and by Crisparkle, always in the pink of condition. There is now something to hang Jasper for-the slaying of Landless (though, as far as I can see, _that_ was done in self-defence). Jasper confesses all; Tartar marries Rosa; Helena marries Crisparkle. Edwin is only twenty-one, and may easily find a consoler of the fair s.e.x: indeed he is "ower young to marry yet."
The capture of Jasper was fixed, of course, for Christmas Eve. The phantom cry foreheard by Durdles, two years before, was that of Neville as he fell; and the dog that howled was Neville"s dog, a character not yet introduced into the romance.
MR. c.u.mING WALTERS"S THEORY
Such is Mr. Proctor"s theory of the story, in which I mainly agree. Mr.
Proctor relies on a piece of evidence overlooked by Forster, and certainly misinterpreted, as I think I can prove to a certainty, by Mr.
c.u.ming Walters, whose theory of the real conduct of the plot runs thus: After watching the storm at midnight with Edwin, Neville left him, and went home: "his way lay in an opposite direction. Near to the Cathedral Jasper intercepted his nephew. . . . Edwin may have been already drugged." How the murder was worked Mr. c.u.ming Walters does not say, but he introduces at this point, the two sounds foreheard by Durdles, without explaining "the howl of a dog." Durdles would hear the cries, and Deputy "had seen what he could not understand," whatever it was that he saw.
Jasper, not aware of Drood"s possession of the ring, takes only his watch, chain, and pin, which he places on the timbers of the weir, and in the river, to be picked up by that persistent winter-bather, Crisparkle of the telescopic and microscopic eyesight.
As to the ring, Mr. c.u.ming Walters erroneously declares that Mr. Proctor "ignores" the power of the ring "to hold and drag," and says that potent pa.s.sage is "without meaning and must be disregarded." Proctor, in fact, gives more than three pages to the meaning of the ring, which "drags"
Jasper into the vault, when he hears of its existence. {74} Next, Mr.
c.u.ming Walters supposes Datchery to learn from Durdles, whom he is to visit, about the second hearing of the cry and the dog"s howl. Deputy may have seen Jasper "carrying his burden" (Edwin) "towards the Sapsea vault." In fact, Jasper probably saved trouble by making the drugged Edwin walk into that receptacle. "Datchery would not think of the Sapsea vault unaided." No-unless Datchery was Drood! "Now Durdles is useful again. Tapping with his hammer he would find a change . . . inquiry must be made." Why should Durdles tap the Sapsea monument? As Durdles had the key, he would simply walk into the vault, and find the quicklime.
Now, Jasper also, we presume, had a key, made from a wax impression of the original. If he had any sense, he would have removed the quicklime as easily as he inserted it, for Mr. Sapsea was mortal: he might die any day, and be buried, and then the quicklime, lying where it ought not, would give rise to awkward inquiries.
Inquiry being made, in consequence of Durdles"s tappings, the ring would be found, as Mr. c.u.ming Walters says. But even then, unless Deputy actually saw Jasper carry a man into the vault, n.o.body could prove Jasper"s connection with the presence of the ring in the vault.
Moreover, Deputy hated Jasper, and if he saw Jasper carrying the body of a man, on the night when a man disappeared, he was clever enough to lead Durdles to examine the vault, _at once_. Deputy had a great dislike of the Law and its officers, but here was a chance for him to distinguish himself, and conciliate them.
However these things may be, Mr. c.u.ming Walters supposes that Jasper, finding himself watched, re-enters the vault, perhaps, "to see that every trace of the crime had been removed." In the vault he finds-Datchery, that is, Helena Landless! Jasper certainly visited the vault and found somebody.
[Picture: The cover of The Mystery of Edwin Drood]
EVIDENCE OF COLLINS"S DRAWINGS
We now come to the evidence which Forster strangely overlooked, which Mr.
Proctor and Mr. Archer correctly deciphered, and which Mr. c.u.ming Walters misinterprets. On December 22, 1869, d.i.c.kens wrote to Forster that two numbers of his romance were "now in type. Charles Collins has designed an excellent cover." Mr. C. A. Collins had married a daughter of d.i.c.kens. {77} He was an artist, a great friend of d.i.c.kens, and author of that charming book, "A Cruise on Wheels." His design of the paper cover of the story (it appeared in monthly numbers) contained, as usual, sketches which give an inkling of the events in the tale. Mr. Collins was to have ill.u.s.trated the book; but, finally, Mr. (now Sir) Luke Fildes undertook the task. Mr. Collins died in 1873. It appears that Forster never asked him the meaning of his designs-a singular oversight.
The cover lies before the reader. In the left-hand top corner appears an allegorical female figure of joy, with flowers. The central top s.p.a.ce contains the front of Cloisterham Cathedral, or rather, the nave. To the left walks Edwin, with hyacinthine locks, and a thoroughly cla.s.sical type of face, and Grecian nose. _Like Datchery_, _he does not wear_, _but carries his hat_; this means nothing, if they are in the nave. He seems bored. On his arm is Rosa; _she_ seems bored; she trails her parasol, and looks away from Edwin, looks down, to her right. On the spectator"s right march the surpliced men and boys of the Choir. Behind them is Jasper, black whiskers and all; he stares after Edwin and Rosa; his right hand hides his mouth. In the corner above him is an allegorical female, clasping a stiletto.
Beneath Edwin and Rosa is, first, an allegorical female figure, looking at a placard, headed "LOST," on a door. Under that, again, is a girl in a garden-chair; a young man, whiskerless, with wavy hair, kneels and kisses her hand. She looks rather unimpa.s.sioned. I conceive the man to be Landless, taking leave of Rosa after urging his hopeless suit, for which Helena, we learn, "seems to compa.s.sionate him." He has avowed his pa.s.sion, early in the story, to Crisparkle. Below, the opium hag is smoking. On the other side, under the figures of Jasper and the Choir, the young man who kneels to the girl is seen bounding up a spiral staircase. His left hand is on the iron railing; he stoops over it, looking down at others who follow him. His right hand, the index finger protruded, points upward, and, by chance or design, points straight at Jasper in the vignette above. Beneath this man (clearly Landless) follows a tall man in a "bowler" hat, a "cut-away" coat, and trousers which show an inch of white stocking above the low shoes. His profile is hid by the wall of the spiral staircase: he might be Grewgious of the shoes, white stockings, and short trousers, but he may be Tartar: he takes two steps at a stride. Beneath him a youngish man, in a low, soft, clerical hat and a black pea-coat, ascends, looking downwards and backwards. This is clearly Crisparkle. A Chinaman is smoking opium beneath.