[1264] See p. 512.
[1265] Such sacrifices are pictured on the stele of vultures.
[1266] IIIR. 43, col. iv. l. 20; Belser, _Beitrage zur a.s.syriologie_, ll. 175, 18; Pinches, _Babylonian Texts_, p. 18.
[1267] For this custom see Trumbull, _The Threshold Covenant_, p. 25; Peters" _Nippur_, ii. 202, 203.
[1268] Recently, Scheil has discovered some private dwellings at Abu-Habba, which will be described in his forthcoming volume on his explorations at that place. See also Peters" _Nippur_, ii. 200, 201.
[1269] Peters" _Nippur_, ii. 220.
[1270] See p. 597. The date of the monument is prior to Sargon; _i.e._, earlier than 3800 B.C.
[1271] VR. 61, col. vi. ll. 54, 55.
[1272] Ra.s.sam Cylinder, col. iii. l. 40.
[1273] Ra.s.sam Cylinder, col. iv. ll. 74-76.
[1274] _Ib._ col. vi. ll. 70-76.
[1275] Ra.s.sam Cylinder, col. iii. l. 64. The favorite mutilation was the cutting off of the head. On one of the sculptured slabs from the palace of Ashurbanabal, a pyramid of heads is portrayed. The cutting off of the hands, the lips, the nose, and the male organ, as well as the flaying of the skin, were also practised. (See Sennacherib"s account IR. 42, col.
vi. ll. 1-6; Ra.s.sam Cylinder (Ashurbanabal), ii. 4 and iv. 136.)
[1276] Ra.s.sam Cylinder, col. vii. ll. 46-48.
[1277] _ekimmu_. See p. 580.
[1278] See p. 578.
[1279] Heuzey offers another explanation of the scene which is less plausible. (See De Sarzec, _Decouvertes en Chaldee_, p. 98.)
[1280] Hebrew word _Sak_. The other rite of mourning among the Hebrews, the putting of earth on the head (_e.g._, I Sam. iv. 12; II Sam. i. 2 and xv. 32; Neh. ix. 1), is a survival of the method of burial as portrayed in the "stele of vultures." The earth was originally placed in a basket on the head and used to cover the dead body.
[1281] The mourning garb mentioned in the Adapa legend (p. 546) is probably a "torn" garment.
[1282] Hagen, _Cyrus-Texte_ (_Beitrage zur a.s.syriologie_, ii. 219, 223).
[1283] Inscription B, col. v. ll. 3-5.
[1284] Lane, _Modern Egyptians_, ll. 286.
[1285] See p. 575.
[1286] _Ib._
[1287] See p. 487.
[1288] Hagen, _Cyrus-Texte_, _ib._ and p. 248.
[1289] "The Folk-Song of Israel," _The New World_, ii. 35; also his article "Das Hebraische Klagelied," _Zeitschrift fur Alttestamentliche Wissenschaft_, ii. 1-52.
[1290] In Egypt at present the tambourine is used to accompany the dirges (Lane, _ib._ p. 278).
[1291] Peter"s _Nippur_, ii. 173, and elsewhere.
[1292] _Zeitschrift fur a.s.syriologie_, ii. 414.
[1293] See above, p. 575.
[1294] Job, x. 21, 22.
[1295] _I.e._, the darkness is so dense that no light can remove it.
[1296] See the references in Schwally, _Das Leben nach dem Tode nach den Vorstellungen des Alten Israels_, pp. 59-68, and Jeremias"
_Vorstellungen_, pp. 106-116.
[1297] Job, vii. 10.
[1298] _Refa"im_.
[1299] Chapter ix. 5-10.
[1300] Gen. xlii. 38.
[1301] Incidentally, a proof that the dead were not buried naked.
[1302] _Das Leben nach dem Tode_, etc, p. 67.
[1303] I Sam. ii. Recognized by the critics as an insertion. See Budde, _Die Bucher Richter und Samuel_, p. 197.
[1304] I Kings, xvii. 21, 22.
[1305] Chapter ii. 7.
[1306] Psalms, cx.x.xix. 8; a very late production.
[1307] Schurer, _A History of the Jewish People in the Time of Jesus Christ_, vol. II. Division li. pp. 38, 39, 179-181.
[1308] _E.g._, the custom still in vogue among Orthodox Jews of placing the body wrapped in a shroud upon a board, instead of in a coffin.
[1309] Professor Haupt has recently shown (in a paper read before the American Oriental Society, April, 1897, and before the Eleventh International Congress of Orientalists, September, 1897) that such is the meaning of the phrase, Psalms, cx.x.xvii. 1, which is ordinarily translated "rivers of Babylon."
[1310] The Talmud of Babylonia, and not the Talmud of Palestine, became the authoritative work in the Jewish Church.