In old age I"ve come to see Life is nought but vanity.
Dr. Knowall, who thought he could grasp everything between Heaven and Earth by means of reason and science, sings like this, when he comes to the end of his life:
I had thought to find in knowledge Light to guide me on my way; Yet I still must walk in darkness All that"s known must soon decay.
Ignorance, I turn to thee!
Knowledge is but vanity.
But that"s no matter! Voltaire can be put to many uses. The Jews use him against the Christians, and the Christians use him against the Jews, because he was an anti-Semite, like Luther. Chateaubriand used him to defend Catholicism, and Protestants use him even to-day to attack Catholicism. He was a fine fellow!
STRANGER. Then what"s your view?
MELCHER. We have no views here; we"ve faith, as I"ve told you already.
And that"s why we"ve only one head--placed exactly above the heart.
(Pause.) In the meantime let"s look at number seven in the catalogue.
Ah, Napoleon! The creation of the Revolution itself! The Emperor of the People, the Nero of Freedom, the suppressor of Equality and the "big brother" of Fraternity. He"s the most cunning of all the two-headed, for he could laugh at himself, raise himself above his own contradictions, change his skin and his soul, and yet be quite explicable to himself in every transformation--convinced, self-authorised. There"s only one other man who can be compared with him in this; Kierkegaard the Dane. From the beginning he was aware of this parthenogenesis of the soul, whose capacity to multiply by taking cuttings was equivalent to bringing forth young in this life without conception. And for that reason, and so as not to become life"s fool, he wrote under a number of pseudonyms, of which each one const.i.tuted a "stage on his life"s way." But did you realise this? The Lord of life, in spite of all these precautions, made a fool of him after all. Kierkegaard, who fought all his life against the priesthood and the professional preachers of the State Church, was eventually forced of necessity to become a professional preacher himself! Oh yes! Such things do happen.
STRANGER. The Powers That Be play tricks....
MELCHER. The Powers play tricks on tricksters, and delude the arrogant, particularly those who alone believe they possess truth and knowledge!
Number eight in the catalogue. Victor Hugo. He split himself into countless parts. He was a peer of France, a Grandee of Spain, a friend of Kings, and the socialist author of _Les Miserables_. The peers naturally called him a renegade, and the socialists a reformer. Number nine. Count Friedrich Leopold von Stollberg. He wrote a fanatical book for the Protestants, and then suddenly became a Catholic! Inexplicable in a sensible man. A miracle, eh? A little journey to Damascus, perhaps? Number ten. Lafayette. The heroic upholder of freedom, the revolutionary, who was forced to leave France as a suspected reactionary, because he wanted to help Louis XVI; and then was captured by the Austrians and carried off to Olmutz as a revolutionary! What was he in reality?
STRANGER. Both!
MELCHER. Yes, both. He had the two halves that made a whole--a whole man. Number eleven. Bismarck. A paradox. The honest diplomat, who maintained he"d discovered that to tell the truth was the greatest of ruses. And so was compelled--by the Powers, I suppose?--to spend the last six years of his life unmasking himself as a conscious liar. You"re tired. Then we"ll stop now.
STRANGER. Yes, if one clings to the same ideas all one"s life, and holds the same opinions, one grows old according to nature"s laws, and gets called conservative, old-fashioned, out of date. But if one goes on developing, keeping pace with one"s own age, renewing oneself with the perennially youthful impulses of contemporary thought, one"s called a waverer and a renegade.
MELCHER. That"s as old as the world! But does an intelligent, man heed what he"s called? One is, what one"s becoming.
STRANGER. But who revises the periodically changing views of contemporary opinion?
MELCHER. You ought to answer that yourself, and indeed in this way. It is the Powers themselves who promulgate contemporary opinion, as they develop in _apparent_ circles. Hegel, the philosopher of the present, himself dimorphous, for both a "left"-minded and a "right"-minded Hegel can always be quoted, has best explained the contradictions of life, of history and of the spirit, with his own magic formula. Thesis: affirmation; Ant.i.thesis: negation; Synthesis: comprehension! Young man, or rather, comparatively young man! You began life by accepting everything, then went on to denying everything on principle. Now end your life by comprehending everything. Be exclusive no longer. Do not say: either--or, but: not only--but also! In a word, or two words rather, Humanity and Resignation!
Curtain.
SCENE III
CHAPEL OF THE MONASTERY
[Choir of the Monastery Chapel. An open coffin with a bier cloth and two burning candles. The CONFESSOR leads in the STRANGER by the hand. The STRANGER is dressed in the white shirt of the novice.]
CONFESSOR. Have you carefully considered the step you wish to take?
STRANGER. Very carefully.
CONFESSOR. Have you no more questions?
STRANGER. Questions? No.
CONFESSOR. Then stay here, whilst I fetch the Chapter and the Fathers and Brothers, so that the solemn act may begin.
STRANGER. Yes. Let it come to pa.s.s.
(The CONFESSOR goes out. The STRANGER, left alone, is sunk in thought.)
TEMPTER (coming forward). Are you ready?
STRANGER. So ready, that I"ve no answer left for you.
TEMPTER. On the brink of the grave, I understand! You"ll have to lie in your coffin and appear to die; the old Adam will be covered with three shovelfuls of earth, and a De Profundis will be sung. Then you"ll rise again from the dead, having laid aside your old name, and be baptized once more like a new-born child! What will you be called? (The STRANGER does not reply.) It is written: Johannes, brother Johannes, because he preached in the wilderness and...
STRANGER. Do not trouble me.
TEMPTER. Speak to me a little, before you depart into the long silence.
For you"ll not be allowed to speak for a whole year.
STRANGER. All the better. Speaking at last becomes a vice, like drinking. And why speak, if words do not cloak thoughts?
TEMPTER. _You_ at the graveside.... Was life so bitter?
STRANGER. Yes. My life was.
TEMPTER. Did you never know one pleasure?
STRANGER. Yes, many pleasures; but they were very brief and seemed only to exist in order to make the pain of their loss the sharper.
TEMPTER. Can"t it be put the other way round: that pain exists in order to make joy more keen?
STRANGER. It can be put in any way.
(A woman enters with a child to be baptized.)
TEMPTER. Look! A little mortal, who"s to be consecrated to suffering.
STRANGER. Poor child!
TEMPTER. A human history, that"s about to begin. (A bridal couple cross the stage.) And there--what"s loveliest, and most bitter. Adam and Eve in Paradise, that in a week will be a h.e.l.l, and in a fortnight Paradise again.
STRANGER. What is loveliest, brightest! The first, the only, the last that ever gave life meaning! I, too, once sat in the sunlight on a verandah, in the spring beneath the first tree to show new green, and a small crown crowned a head, and a white veil lay like thin morning mist over a face... that was not that of a human being. Then came darkness!
TEMPTER. Whence?
STRANGER. From the light itself. I know no more.
TEMPTER. It could only have been a shadow, for light is needed to throw shadows; but for darkness no light is needed.
STRANGER. Stop! Or we"ll never come to an end.