HEAD-NETTING. An ornamental netting used in merchant ships instead of the fayed planking to the _head-rails_.
HEAD OF A COMET. The brighter part of a comet, from which the tail proceeds.
HEAD OF A MAST, OR MAST-HEAD. The upper part of any mast, or that whereon the caps or trucks are fitted.
HEAD OF A WORK. In fortification, the part most advanced towards the enemy. In progressive works, such as siege-approaches and saps, it is the farthest point then attained.
HEAD OF WATER. Water kept to a height by winds, or by artificial dams and sluice-gates. The vertical column which dock-gates have to bear.
HEAD-PIECE. A term for the helmet.
HEAD-PUMP. A small pump fixed at the vessel"s bow, its lower end communicating with the sea: it is mostly used for washing decks.
HEAD-QUARTERS. The place where the general, or commanding officer, takes up his quarters. Also, the man-of-war, or transport, which carries the staff of an expedition.
HEAD-RAILS. The short rails of the head, extending from the back of the figure to the cat-head: equally useful and ornamental. There are two on each side, one straight and the other curved. (_See_ FALSE RAIL.) Also, used familiarly for teeth.
HEAD-ROPE. That part of the bolt-rope which terminates any sail on the upper edge, and to which it is accordingly sewed. (_See_ BOLT-ROPE.) Also, the small rope to which a flag is fastened, to hoist it to the mast-head, or head of the ensign-staff.
HEAD-SAILS. A general name for all those sails which may be set on the fore-mast and bowsprit, jib, and flying jib-boom, and employed to influence the fore-part of the ship.
HEAD-SEA. A name given to the waves when they oppose a ship"s course, as the ship must rise over, or cut through each. Their effect depends upon their height, form, and speed; sometimes they are steep, quick, and irregular, so that a ship is caught by a second before she has recovered from the first; these render her wet and uneasy.
HEAD-SHEETS. Specially jibs and staysail sheets, before the fore-mast.
HEAD-STICK. A short round stick with a hole at each end, through which the head-rope of some triangular sails is thrust, before it is sewed on.
Its use is to prevent the head of the sail from twisting.
HEAD TO WIND. The situation of a ship or boat when her head is pointed directly to windward. The term is particularly applied in the act of tacking, or while lying at anchor.
HEAD-WAY. A ship is said to gather head-way when she pa.s.ses any object thrown overboard at the bow, and it pa.s.ses astern into her wake. A ship may also, by the action of swell, forge ahead.
HEAD-WIND. A breeze blowing from the direction of the ship"s intended course. Thus, if a ship is bound N.E. a N.E. wind is a head-wind "dead on end," as seamen express it.--_The wind heads us_, that is, veers towards the direction of the ship"s course.
HEALD. The _heel_ over of a grounded ship.
HEALTH-GUARD. Officers appointed to superintend the due observance of the quarantine regulations.
HEART. A block of wood forming a peculiar sort of triangular dead-eye, somewhat resembling the shape of a heart; it is furnished with only one large hole in the middle, grooved for the rope instead of the three holes. It is princ.i.p.ally used to the stays, as the dead-eyes are to the shrouds. (_See_ DEAD-EYE.)
HEARTH. Applied to the ship"s fire-place, coppers, and galley generally.
HEARTY. Open and free. "My hearties," a cheerful salute to shipmates and seamen in general. "What cheer, my hearties?" how fare ye? what"s your news?
HEART-YARNS. The centre yarns of a strand. Also, the heart-yarn or centre, on which four-stranded rope is formed.
HEATH. Various broom-stuffs used in breaming.
HEAVE, TO. To throw anything overboard. To cast, as heaving the log or the lead. Also, to drag, prize, or purchase, as heaving up the anchor.
HEAVE ABOUT, TO. To go upon the other tack suddenly.
HEAVE AND A-WASH. An encouraging call when the ring of the anchor rises to the surface, and the stock stirs the water.
HEAVE AND A-WEIGH. Signifies that the next effort will start the anchor from its bed, and make it _a-trip_. "Heave and a-weigh, sir," from the forecastle, denotes that the anchor is a-weigh; it inspirits the men to run it to the bows rapidly.
HEAVE AND IN SIGHT. A notice given by the boatswain to the crew when the anchor is drawn up so near the surface of the water as to be seen by its muddy water surrounding it.
HEAVE AND PAUL. Is the order to turn the capstan or windla.s.s till the paul may be put in, by which it is prevented from coming up, and is something similar to _belay_, applied to a running rope.
HEAVE AND RALLY! An encouraging order to the men at the capstan to heave with spirit, with a rush, and thereby force the anchor out of the ground. When there is a rising sea "heave and rally" implies, "heave and stand to your bars," the pauls taking the strain, and the next wave probably lifting the anchor.
HEAVE AND SET. The ship"s motion in rising and falling to the waves when at anchor.
HEAVE HANDSOMELY. Gently.
HEAVE HEARTY. Heave strong and with a will.
HEAVE OF THE SEA. The power that the swell of the sea exerts upon a ship in driving her out of, or faster on in, her course, and for which allowance must be made in the day"s work. It is a similar, or the same action in force as in a head-sea.
HEAVE OUT THERE! The order to hasten men from their hammocks.
HEAVER. A wooden bar or staff, sometimes tapered at the ends; it is employed as a lever or purchase on many occasions, such as setting up the top-mast shrouds, stropping large blocks, seizing the standing rigging, &c. Also, a name on the Kentish sh.o.r.es for the haviler crab.
HEAVE SHORT, TO. To heave in on the cable until the vessel is nearly over her anchor, or sufficiently near it for sail being made before the anchor is tripped. Short, is when the fore-stay and cable are in line.
HEAVE THE LEAD. To take soundings with the hand lead-line. "Get a cast of the lead," with the deep-sea lead and line.
HEAVE THE LOG. Determine the ship"s velocity by the log line and gla.s.s.
HEAVE-TO, TO. To put a vessel in the position of _lying-to_, by adjusting her sails so as to counteract each other, and thereby check her way, or keep her perfectly still. In a gale, it implies to set merely enough sail to steady the ship; the aim being to keep the sea on the weather bow whilst the rudder has but little influence, the sail is chiefly set on the main and mizen-mast; as hove-to under a close-reefed main-topsail, or main-trysail, or driver. It is customary in a foul wind gale, and a last resource in a fair one.
HEAVING AHEAD. Is the act of advancing or drawing a ship forwards by heaving on a cable or rope made fast to some fixed point before her.
HEAVING AND SETTING. Riding hard, pitching and sending.
HEAVING ASTERN. Causing a ship to recede or go backwards, by heaving on a cable or other rope fastened to some fixed point behind her. This more immediately applies to drawing a vessel off a shoal.
HEAVING A STRAIN. Working at the windla.s.s or capstan with more than usual exertion.
HEAVING DOWN. (_See_ CAREENING.) The bringing one of a ship"s sides down into the water, by means of purchases on the masts, in order to repair any injury which is below her water-line on the other.
HEAVING IN. Shortening in the cable. Also, the binding a block and hook by a seizing.
HEAVING IN STAYS. The act of tacking, when, the wind being ahead, great pressure is thrown upon the stays.
HEAVING KEEL OUT. The utmost effect to be produced by careening, viz. to raise the keel out of the water in order to repair or clean it. (_See_ HEAVING DOWN.)
HEAVING OUT. The act of loosing or unfurling a sail; particularly applied to the staysails; or in the tops, footing the sail out of the top.