BALL-OFF, TO. To twist rope-yarns into b.a.l.l.s, with a running end in the heart for making spun-yarn.
BALLOON-FISH (_Tetraodon_). A plectognathous fish, covered with spines, which has the power of inflating its body till it becomes almost globular.
BALLOW. Deep water inside a shoal or bar.
BALL-STELL. The geometrical instrument named _della stella_.
BALLY. A Teutonic word for inclosure, now prefixed to many sea-ports in Ireland, as Bally-castle, Bally-haven, Bally-shannon, and Bally-water.
BALSA, OR BALZA. A South American tree, very porous, which grows to an immense height in a few years, and is almost as light as cork. Hence the balsa-wood is used for the surf-boat called _balsa_. (_See_ JANGADA.)
BALTHEUS ORIONIS. The three bright stars const.i.tuting Orion"s Belt.
BAl.u.s.tERS. The ornamental pillars or pilasters of the balcony or galleries in the sterns of ships, dividing the ward-room deck from the one above.
BAMBA. A commercial sh.e.l.l of value on the Gold Coast of Africa and below it.
BAMBO. An East Indian measure of five English pints.
BAMBOO (_Bambusa arundinacea_). A magnificent articulated cane, which holds a conspicuous rank in the tropics from its rapid growth and almost universal properties:--the succulent buds are eaten fresh and the young stems make excellent preserves. The large stems are useful in agricultural and domestic implements; also in building both houses and ships; in making baskets, cages, hats, and furniture, besides sails, paper, and in various departments of the Indian _materia medica_.
BAMBOOZLE, TO. To decoy the enemy by hoisting false colours.
BANANA (_Musa paradisiaca_). A valuable species of plantain, the fruit of which is much used in tropical climates, both fresh and made into bread. Gerarde named it Adam"s apple from a notion that it was the forbidden fruit of Eden; whilst others supposed it to be the grapes brought out of the Promised Land by the spies of Moses. The spikes of fruit often weigh forty pounds.
BANCO [Sp.] Seat for rowers.
BAND. The musicians of a band are called idlers in large ships. Also a small body of armed men or retainers, as the band of gentlemen pensioners; also an iron hoop round a gun-carriage, mast, &c.; also a slip of canvas st.i.tched across a sail, to strengthen the parts most liable to pressure.--_Reef-bands_, rope-bands or robands; rudder-bands (which see).
BANDAGE. A fillet or swathe, of the utmost importance in surgery. Also, formerly, parcelling to ropes.
BANDALEERS, OR BANDOLEERS. A wide leathern belt for the carriage of small cases of wood, covered with leather, each containing a charge for a fire-lock; in use before the modern cartouche-boxes were introduced.
BANDECOOT. A large species of fierce rat in India, which infests the drains, &c.
BANDED-DRUM. _See_ GRUNTER.
BANDED-MAIL. A kind of armour which consisted of alternate rows of leather or cotton and single chain-mail.
BANDEROLD, OR BANDEROLE. A small streamer or banner, usually fixed on a pike: from _banderola_, Sp. diminutive of _bandera_, the flag or ensign.
BAND-FISH, OR RIBBON-FISHES. A popular name of the _Gymnetrus_ genus.
BANDLE. An Irish measure of two feet in length.
BANG. A mixture of opium, hemp-leaves, and tobacco, of an intoxicating quality, chewed and smoked by the Malays and other people in the East, who, being mostly prohibited the use of wine, double upon Mahomet by indulging in other intoxicating matter, as if the manner of doing it cleared off the crime of drunkenness. This horrid stuff gives the maddening excitement which makes a Malay run _amok_ (which see).--_To bang_ is colloquially used to express excelling or beating rivals.
(_See_ SUFFOLK BANG.)
BANGE. Light fine rain.
BANGLES. The hoops of a spar. Also, the rings on the wrists and ankles of Oriental people, chiefly used by females.
BANIAN. A sailor"s coloured frock-shirt.
BANIAN OR BANYAN DAYS. Those in which no flesh-meat is issued to the messes. It is obvious that they are a remnant of the maigre days of the Roman Catholics, who deem it a mortal sin to eat flesh on certain days.
Stock-fish used to be served out, till it was found to promote scurvy.
The term is derived from a religious sect in the East, who, believing in metempsychosis, eat of no creature endued with life.
BANIAN-TREE. _Ficus indica_ of India and Polynesia. The tendrils from high branches extend 60 to 80 feet, take root on reaching the ground, and form a cover over some acres. Religious rites from which women are excluded are there performed.
BANJO. The bra.s.s frame in which the screw-propeller of a steamer works, and is hung for hoisting the screw on deck. This frame fits between slides fixed on the inner and outer stern-posts; resting in large carriages firmly secured thereto. The banjo is essential to lifting the screw.--Also, the rude instrument used in negro concerts.
BANK. The right or left boundary of a river, in looking from its source towards the sea, and the immediate margin or border of a lake. Also, a thwart, _banco_, or bench, for the rowers in a galley. Also, a rising ground in the sea, differing from a shoal, because not rocky but composed of sand, mud, or gravel. Also, mural elevations constructed of clay, stones, or any materials at hand, to prevent inundations.
BANK, TO. Also, an old word meaning to sail along the margins or banks of river-ports: thus Shakspeare in "King John" makes Lewis the Dauphin demand--
"Have I not heard these islanders shout out _Vive le Roy!_ as I have _bank"d_ their towns?"
BANKA. A canoe of the Philippines, consisting of a single piece.
BANKER. A vessel employed in the deep-sea cod-fishery on the great banks of Newfoundland. Also, a man who works on the sides of a ca.n.a.l, or on an embankment; a navvy.
BANK-FIRES. In steamers, taking advantage of a breeze by allowing the fires to burn down low, and then pulling them down to a side of the bridge of the fire-place, and there covering them up with ashes taken from the ash-pit, at the same time nearly closing the dampers in the funnel and ash-pit doors. This, with attention on the part of the engineers, will maintain the water hot, and a slight pressure of steam in the boilers. When fuel is added and draught induced the fires are said to be "drawn forward," and steam is speedily generated.
BANK-HARBOUR. That which is protected from the violence of the sea by banks of mud, gravel, sand, shingle, or silt.
BANK-HOOK. A large fish-hook laid baited in running water, attached by a line to the bank.
BANKING. A general term applied to fishing on the great bank of Newfoundland.
BANK OF OARS [_banco_, Sp.] A seat or bench for rowers in the happily all but extinct galley: these are properly called the athwarts, but thwarts by seamen. The common galleys have 25 banks on each side, with one oar to each bank, and four men to each oar. The galea.s.ses have 32 banks on a side, and 6 or 7 rowers to each bank. (_See_ DOUBLE-BANKED, when two men pull separate oars on the same thwart.)
BANKSAL, OR BANKSAUL, and in Calcutta spelled _bankshall_. A shop, office, or other place, for transacting business. Also, a square inclosure at the pearl-fishery. Also, a beach store-house wherein ships deposit their rigging and furniture while undergoing repair. Also, where small commercial courts and arbitrations are held.
BANN. A proclamation made in the army by beat of drum, sound of trumpet, &c., requiring the strict observance of discipline, either for the declaring of a new officer, the punishing an offender, or the like.
BANNAG. A northern name for a white trout, a sea-trout.
BANNAK-FLUKE. A name of the turbot, as distinguished from the halibut.
BANNER. A small square flag edged with fringe.
BANNERER. The bearer of a banner.
BANNERET. A knight made on the field of battle.
BANNEROL. A little banner or streamer.