SUPPORT A FRIEND, TO. To make every exertion to a.s.sist a vessel in distress, from whatever cause. Neglect of this incurs punishment.
SUPPORTERS. Circular knee-timbers placed under the cat-heads for their support and security.
SURA. The drink otherwise called _toddy_ (which see).
SURDINY. An old name for the fish _sardine_.
SURE, OR Sh.o.r.e. _See_ Sh.o.r.e.
SURES. Peculiar southerly winds which blow on the coasts of Chili, Peru, and Mexico, accompanied by a fog or vapour, called _sures pardos_.
SURF. The swell and foam of the sea, which breaks upon the sh.o.r.e, or any rock lying near the surface. The most violent surfs are those which break upon a flat sh.o.r.e, as on the Coromandel and African coasts.
SURFACE CURRENT. A current which does not extend more than 8 or 10 feet below the surface. Also, fresh water running over salt at the mouths of great rivers.
SURF-BOAT. A peculiar kind of flat-bottomed boat, varying according to local exigencies, for landing men, or goods, in surf. (_See_ MASULAH BOATS.)
SURGE. A large swelling wave. Also, the tapered part of the whelps between the chocks of the capstan, upon which the messenger is readily surged.--_To surge_, is to slacken up suddenly a portion of a rope where it renders round a pin, windla.s.s, or capstan; as, "Surge the messenger."
A ship is said _to surge_ on a reef when she rises and falls with the heave of the sea, so as to strike heavily.
SURGE HO! The notice given when a rope or cable is to be surged.
SURGEON. A competent medical officer, appointed to attend the sick and wounded on board a ship of war, for which purpose he has, according to the rate of the ship, from one to two a.s.sistants, once called surgeon"s mates, but latterly _a.s.sistant-surgeons_ (which see).
SURGE THE CAPSTAN, TO. To slacken the rope heaved round upon its barrel, to prevent its parts from riding or getting foul.
SURINGER. An archaism for surgeon.
SURMARKS. In ship-building, the points on the moulds where the bevellings are to be applied to the timbers.
SURROGATES. Those subst.i.tuted or appointed in the room of others; as naval captains formerly acting for judges in Newfoundland.
SURVEY. An inspection or examination made by several practical officers into the condition of any stores belonging to a ship. Also, those important astronomical observations, soundings, and other data, collected by officers who are employed in constructing charts and plans of seas, shoals, rocks, harbours, &c.
SURVEYING VESSELS. Those equipped for examining coasts, dangers, &c.; their utility is unquestionable. Some of the smaller vessels of war on every station might be profitably employed in thus examining all reported dangers.
SURVEYORS AT LLOYD"S. _See_ LLOYD"S SURVEYORS.
SURVEYORS OF THE NAVY. Two officers who formerly sat at the navy board, being invested with the charge of building and repairing the royal ships at the different dockyards of the kingdom; for which they were trained to the theory and practice of ship-building.
SUSPENSION OF ARMS. A short truce agreed upon by contending forces, for a special object of importance.
SUTILES. Ancient cobles made of strong staves sewed together, and covered with leather or skins.
SUTLER. A victualler who follows the camp to sell provisions to the troops. In garrisons and garrison-towns there are also sutlers who provide victuals of every kind; but Drayton"s sutlers must have been very petty traders, as, when at Agincourt, Isambert"s "rascals" were noted--
"For setting on those with the luggage left, A few poor sutlers with the campe that went, They basely fell to pillage and to theft."
SWAB. A sort of long mop, formed of rope-yarns of old junk, used for cleaning and drying the decks and cabins of a ship. Also, a sobriquet for a sot. Also, for an epaulette.--_Hand-swab._ A small swab for wiping dry the stern-sheets of a boat, washing plates and dishes, &c.
SWABBER. Formerly a petty officer on board ships of war, whose employment was to see that the decks were kept clean. Also, a man formerly appointed to use the swabs in drying up the decks. He was sometimes called ship"s sweeper; more commonly captain of swabbers.
SWAB-ROPE. A line bent to the eye of a swab for dipping it overboard in washing it.
SWAB-WASHER. The princ.i.p.al swab-washer, or captain of the head, in large ships.
SWAB-WRINGERS. People appointed to wash the swabs and wring them out, ready for use.
SWAD, OR SWADKIN. A newly raised soldier. Also, a fish-basket.
SWADDIE. A discharged soldier.
SWAGG, TO. To sink down by its own weight; to move heavily or bend.
Synonymous with _sagg_. Also, the bellying of a heavy rope.
SWAKE. A provincial term for a pump-handle.
SWALLOW. The score of a block.
SWALLOW"S TAIL. In fortification, an old form of outwork, having its front broken into a re-entering angle, and its two long flanks converging towards the rear.
SWALLOW-TAILS. The points of a burgee. Also, the tails of a coat.
SWAMP. A tract of land or bog on which, from its impermeable bottom, the collected fresh water remains stagnant.
SWAPE. A wooden support for a small light. Also, a pump-handle; a lever.
Also, a long oar used in working a coal-keel in the north.
SWART-BACK. The _Larus marinus_, or great black and white gull.
SWARTS. A name formerly applied by voyagers to Indians and negroes.
SWASH. A sudden surge of the sea. Also, a shoal in a tide-way or mouth of a river, over which the water flows, and the tide ripples in ebbing or flowing.
SWASHWAY. A channel across a bank, or among shoals, as the noted instance between the Goodwin Sands.
SWATHE. The entire length of a sea-wave.
SWAY, TO, OR SWAY AWAY. To hoist simultaneously; particularly applied to the lower yards and top-masts, and topgallant-masts and yards.--_To sway away on all top-ropes._ To go great lengths (colloquially).
SWAY UP, TO. To apply a strain on a mast-rope in order to lift the spar upwards, so that the fid may be taken out, previous to lowering the mast. Or sway yards aloft ready for crossing.
SWEARING. A vulgar and most irrational vice, which happily is fast going out. Habitual swearing was usually typical of a bad officer. It may have originated in the custom too often demanded by law, of solemn a.s.severations on frivolous subjects.
SWEATING THE PURSER. Wasting his stores. Burning his candles, &c.
SWEEP. The trending or inclination of a coast to a crescent. Also, that part of the mould of a ship, where she begins to compa.s.s in the rung-heads. Also, a large kind of oar.--_To sweep a coast._ To sail along at a reasonable distance with a vigilant inspection.
SWEEPING. The act of dragging the bight or loose part of a small rope along the ground, in a harbour or roadstead, in order to recover a sunk anchor or wreck. The two ends of the rope are fastened to two boats, a weight being suspended to the middle, to sink it to the ground, so that, as the boats row ahead, it may drag along the bottom. Also, a term used for rapidly scrutinizing a certain portion of the heavens in quest of planets, comets, &c.