PORT. An old Anglo-Saxon word still in full use. It strictly means a place of resort for vessels, adjacent to an emporium of commerce, where cargoes are bought and sold, or laid up in warehouses, and where there are docks for shipping. It is not quite a synonym of _harbour_, since the latter does not imply traffic. Vessels hail from the port they have quitted, but they are compelled to have the name of the vessel and of the port to which they belong painted on the bow or stern.--_Port_ is also in a legal sense a refuge more or less protected by points and headlands, marked out by limits, and may be resorted to as a place of safety, though there are many ports but rarely entered. The left side of the ship is called _port_, by admiralty order, in preference to _larboard_, as less mistakeable in sound for starboard.--_To port the helm._ So to move the tiller as to carry the rudder to the starboard side of the stern-post.--_Bar-port._ One which can only be entered when the tide rises sufficiently to afford depth over a bar; this in many cases only occurs at spring-tides.--_Close-port._ One within the body of a city, as that of Rhodes, Venice, Amsterdam, &c.--_Free-port._ One open and free of all duties for merchants of all nations to load and unload their vessels, as the ports of Genoa and Leghorn. Also, a term used for a total exemption of duties which any set of merchants enjoy, for goods imported into a state, or those exported of the growth of the country.
Such was the privilege the English enjoyed for several years after their discovery of the port of Archangel, and which was taken from them on account of the regicide in 1648.
PORTABLE SOUP, and other preparations of meat. Of late years a very valuable part of naval provision.
PORTAGE. Tonnage. Also, the land carriage between two harbours, often high and difficult for transport. Also, in Canadian river navigation means the carrying canoes or boats and their cargo across the land, where the stream is interrupted by rocks or rapids.
PORT ARMS! The military word of command to bring the fire-lock across the front of the body, muzzle slanting upwards; a motion preparatory for the "charge bayonets!" or for inspecting the condition of the locks.
PORT-BARS. Strong pieces of oak, furnished with two laniards, by which the ports are secured from flying open in a gale of wind, the bars resting against the inside of the ship; the port is first tightly closed by its hooks and ring-bolts.
PORT-CHARGES, OR HARBOUR-DUES. Charges levied on vessels resorting to a port.
PORTCULLIS. A heavy frame of wooden or iron bars, sliding in vertical grooves within the masonry over the gateway of a fortified town, to be lowered for barring the pa.s.sage. When hastily made, it was termed a sarrazine.
PORTE. _See_ SUBLIME PORTE.
PORT-FIRE. A stick of composition, generally burning an inch a minute, used to convey fire from the slow-match or the like to the priming of ordnance, though superseded with most guns by locks or friction-tubes.
With a slightly altered composition it is used for signals; also for firing charges of mines.
PORT-f.l.a.n.g.e. In ship-carpentry, is a batten of wood fixed on the ship"s side over a port, to prevent water or dirt going into the port.
PORT-GLAIVE. A sword-bearer.
PORT-LAST, OR PORTOISE. Synonymous with _gunwale_.
PORT-MEN. A name in old times for the inhabitants of the Cinque Ports; the burgesses of Ipswich are also so called.
PORT-MOTE. A court held in haven towns or ports.
PORT-NAILS. These are cla.s.sed double and single: they are similar to clamp-nails, and like them are used for fastening iron work.
PORT-PENDANTS. Ropes spliced into rings on the outside of the port-lids, and rove through leaden pipes in the ship"s sides, to work the port-lids up or down by the tackles.
PORT-PIECE. An ancient piece of ordnance used in our early fleets.
PORT-PIECE CHAMBER. A paterero for loading a port-piece at the breech.
PORT-REEVE. A magistrate of certain sea-port towns in olden times.
PORT-ROPES. Those by which the ports are hauled up and suspended.
PORTS, OR PORT-HOLES. The square apertures in the sides of a ship through which to point and fire the ordnance. Also, aft and forward, as the _bridle-port_ in the bows, the _quarter-port_ in round-stern vessels, and _stern-ports_ between the stern-timbers. Also, square holes cut in the sides, bow, or stem of a merchant ship, for taking in and discharging timber cargoes, and for other purposes.--_Gunroom-ports._ Are situated in the ship"s counter, and are used for stern-chasers, and also for pa.s.sing a small cable or a hawser out, either to moor head and stern, or to spring upon the cable, &c. (_See_ MOOR and SPRING.)--_Half-port._ A kind of shutter which hinges on the lower side of a port, and falls down outside when clear for action; when closed it half covers the port to the line of metal of the gun, and is firmly secured by iron hooks. The upper half-port is temporary and loose, will not stand a heavy sea, and is merely secured by two light inch-rope laniards.
PORT-SALE. A public sale of fish on its arrival in the harbour.
PORT-SASHES. Half-ports fitted with gla.s.s for the admission of light into cabins.
PORT-SHACKLES. The rings to the ports.
PORT-SILLS. In ship-building, pieces of timber put horizontally between the framing to form the top and bottom of a port.
PORT-TACKLES. Those falls which haul up and suspend the lower-deck ports, so that since the admiralty order for using the word _port_ instead of _larboard_, we have _port port-tackle falls_.
PORTUGUESE. A gold coin, value 1, 16_s._, called also _moiadobras_.
PORTUGUESE MAN-OF-WAR. A beautiful floating acalephan of the tropical seas; the _Physalia pelagica_.
POSITION. Ground (or water) occupied, or that may be advantageously occupied, in fighting order.
POSITION, GEOGRAPHICAL, of any place on the surface of the earth, is the determination of its lat.i.tude and longitude, and its height above the level of the sea.
POSSESSORY. A suit entered in the admiralty court by owners for the seizing of their ship.
POST. Any ground, fortified or not, where a body of men can be in a condition for defence, or fighting an enemy. Also, the limits of a sentinel"s charge.
POST-CAPTAIN. Formerly a captain of three years" standing, now simply captain, but equal to colonel in the army, by date of commission.
POSTED. Promoted from commander to captain in the navy; a word no longer officially used.
POSTERN. A small pa.s.sage constructed through some retired part of a bastion, or other portion of a work, for the garrison"s minor communications with the town, unperceived by the enemy.
POSTING. Placing people for special duty. Also, publicly handing out a bad character.
POST OF HONOUR. The advance, and the right of the lines of any army.
POUCH. A case of strong leather for carrying ammunition, used by soldiers, marines, and small-arm men. Also, the crop of a shark.
POUCHES. Wooden bulk-heads across the hold of cargo vessels, to prevent grain or light shingle from shifting.
POULDRON. A shoulder-piece in armour. Corrupted from _epauldron_.
POULTERER. Called "Jemmy Ducks" on board ship; he a.s.sists the butcher in the feeding and care of the live stock, &c.
POUND. A lagoon, or s.p.a.ce of water, surrounded by reefs and shoals, wherein fish are kept, as at Bermuda.
POUND-AND-PINT-IDLER. A sobriquet applied to the purser.
POUNDER. A denomination applied to guns according to the weight of the shot they carry; at present everything larger than the 100-pounder is described by the diameter of its bore, coupled with its total weight.
POW. A name on the Scotch sh.o.r.es for a small creek. Also, a mole.
POWDER. _See_ GUNPOWDER.
POWDER, TO. To salt meat slightly; as Falstaff says, "If thou embowel me to-day, I"ll give you leave to powder me, and eat me too, to-morrow."--_Powdering-tub._ A vessel used for pickling beef, pork, &c.
POWDER-BAGS. Leathern bags containing from 20 to 40 lbs. of powder; subst.i.tuted for petards at the instance of Lord Cochrane, as being more easily placed. They have lately been called Ghuznee bags.
POWDER-HOY. An ordnance vessel expressly fitted to convey powder from the land magazine to a ship; it invariably carries a red distinguishing flag, and warns the ship for which the powder is intended, to put out all fires before she comes alongside.