ROYAL MERCHANT. A t.i.tle of the Mediterranean, traders of the thirteenth century, when the Venetians were masters of the sea.
ROYAL MORTAR. A bra.s.s one of 5-1/2 inches diameter of bore, and 150 lbs.
weight, throwing a 24-pounder sh.e.l.l up to 600 yards; most convenient for advanced trenches and boat work.
ROYAL NAVAL RESERVE. _See_ NAVAL RESERVE.
ROYALS. A familiar appellation for the marines since the mutiny of 1797, when they were so distinguished for the loyalty and steadiness they displayed. Also called _royal jollys_. (_See_ JOLLY.)
ROYAL STANDARD. _See_ STANDARD.
ROYAL YACHT. A vessel built and equipped expressly for the use of the sovereign.
ROYAL YACHT CLUB. A very useful and honourable a.s.sociation. (_See_ YACHT CLUB.)
ROYAL YARD. The fourth yard from the deck, on which the royal is set.
ROYNES. An archaic term for streams, currents, or other usual pa.s.sages of rivers and running waters.
RUBBER. A small instrument used to rub or flatten down the seams of a sail, in sail-making.
RUBBLE-WORK. A ma.s.s of masonry, formed of irregular stones and pebbles imbedded in mortar. It is used in the interior of docks, piers, and other erections, and is opposed to ashlar-work.
RUBLE. A Russian silver coin of 100 kopeks, in value about 3_s._ 2_d._ sterling, so called from _rubli_, a notch; derived from the time when bars of silver, marked with notches at different distances to represent different values, were used in Russia instead of coin, portions of the bar being cut off as required.
RUDDER. The appendage attached by pintles and braces to the stern-post of a vessel, by which its course through the water is governed. It is formed of several pieces of timber, of which the main one is generally of oak, extending the whole length. Tiphys is said to have been its inventor. The Anglo-Saxon name was _steor-roper_.
RUDDER BANDS OR BRACES. The iron or composition hinges on which a rudder turns.
RUDDER-CASE. The same as _rudder-trunk_ (which see).
RUDDER-CHAINS. Strong copper chains connected with the aft side of the rudder by a span clamp and shackles. They are about 6 feet in length; a hempen pendant is then spliced into the outer link, and allowing for slack to permit the rudder free motion, they are stopped to eye-bolts along the stern-moulding, terminating on the fore-side of the stools of the quarter galleries. They are, when the rudder or tiller is damaged, worked by tackles hooked to the after-channel bolts. But their princ.i.p.al use in later times is to save the rudder if unshipped by striking on a reef or shoal.
RUDDER-CHALDER. The same as _gudgeon_ (which see) and _chalder_.
RUDDER-CHOCKS. _See_ CHOCK.
RUDDER-COAT. A canvas coat affixed to the rudder, encasing the opening in the counter, to prevent the sea from rushing in through the tiller-hole.
RUDDER-GUDGEON. Those secured to a ship are termed braces; gudgeon is more applicable to boats or small vessels.
RUDDER-HEAD. The upper end of the rudder-stock. Also, the flat surface of the trunk, which in cabins and ward-rooms forms a very convenient table.
RUDDER-HORN. A kind of iron crutch bolted to the back of the rudder, for attaching the rudder chains to in case of necessity.
RUDDER-HOUSE. Synonymous with _wheel-house_.
RUDDER-IRONS. The pintles, gudgeons, and braces of the rudder are frequently so called, though they were usually of copper.
RUDDER-PENDANTS. (_See_ RUDDER-CHAINS.) Hempen pendants fastened to the rudder-chains, for steering in cases of accident, and towing the rudder to prevent its being lost if it gets unshipped.
RUDDER-PINTLES. The hooks attached to the rudder, which enter the braces, and hang it.
RUDDER-RAKE. The aftermost part of the rudder.
RUDDER-STOCK. The main piece of a rudder.
RUDDER-TACKLES. Attached to the rudder-pendants.
RUDDER-TRUNK. A casing of wood fitted or boxed firmly into a cavity in the vessel"s counter, called the helm port, through which the rudder-stock is introduced.
RUFFLE. A low vibrating sound of the drum, continuous like the roll, but not so loud: it is used in complimenting officers of rank.
RUFFLERS. Certain fellows who begged about formerly, under pretext of having served in the wars.
RULE OF THUMB. That rule suggested by a practical rather than a scientific knowledge. In common matters it means to estimate by guess, not by weight or measure.
RULES OF THE SEA. Certain practices and regulations as to steerage, which are recognized by seamen as well as by law, in order to prevent the collision of ships, or to determine who has contravened them; precedents in one sense, custom in another.
RULE-STAFF. A lath about 4 inches in breadth, used for curves in ship-building.
RUMBELOW. A very favourite burden to an old sea-song, of which vestiges still remain.
RUMBO. Rope stolen from a royal dockyard.
RUM-GAGGER. A cheat who tells wonderful stories of his sufferings at sea to obtain money.
RUMMAGE. The search by custom-house officers for smuggled goods.
RUN. The distance sailed by a ship. Also, used among sailors to imply the agreement to work a single pa.s.sage from one place to another, as from Jamaica to England, and so forth.--_To make a run._ To sway with alacrity.
RUN, CLEAN. When the after part of a ship"s form exhibits a long clean curvature approaching to a wedge.--_Full run._ When it is otherwise.
RUN OF THE ICE. In Arctic parlance, implies that the ice is suddenly impelled by a rushing motion, arising from currents at a distance.
RUN, TO LOWER BY THE. To let go altogether, instead of lowering with a turn on a cleat or bitt-head.
RUN ATHWART A SHIP"S COURSE, TO. To cross her path.
RUN AWAY WITH HER ANCHOR. Said of a ship when she drags or "shoulders"
her anchor; drifting away owing to the anchor not holding, for want, perhaps, of sufficient range of cable.
RUN AWAY WITH IT! The order to men on a tackle fall, when light goods are being hoisted in, or in hoisting top-sails, jib, or studding-sails.
RUNDLE. That part of a capstan round which the messenger is wound, including the drumhead. (_See_ WHELPS.)
RUN DOWN A COAST, TO. To sail along it, keeping parallel to or skirting its dangers.
RUN DOWN A VESSEL, TO. To pa.s.s over, into, or foul her by running against her end-on, so as to jeopardize her.