6. To what extent should we recognize his insight on this question as authority for us?
III. _The Problem of Wealth in the Modern World_
I. Are the "master iniquities" of our age located in s.e.x life, politics, or business?
2. Distinguish between "property for use" and "property for power."
3. What are the moral evils created by ma.s.s poverty? By aggregations of wealthy families?
4. Why has the modern world set aside Jesus" teachings about wealth? To what extent have we subst.i.tuted a better understanding of the social value of property? How far should we be satisfied with our present adjustment of the property question?
5. What methods of money making are condemned by the common sentiment of the Church? Is there anything which ought to be included in this condemnation? If so, what?
IV. _The Christian Att.i.tude Toward Property and Wealth Under Modern Conditions_
1. At what point does the ama.s.sing of private property become contrary to the principles of Jesus?
2. What legalized property rights are antagonistic to Jesus" principles?
3. How can society acc.u.mulate wealth without the injustice and social divisions which now accompany the ama.s.sing of private fortunes?
4. If a man has an invested income, has he the right to live a life of leisure? When is it right to be a non-producer?
5. How rich has a Christian a right to be? In a Christian society what is the minimum limit of income?
6. Would economic democracy eliminate or enforce the doctrine of stewardship?
7. How can we pluck the sting of sin out of private property?
V. _For Special Discussion_
1. Are millionaires a symptom of social disease or a triumph of civilization?
2. Should social science reckon with the influence of wealth on personal character?
3. What moral conviction is expressed in the condemnation of usurious interest and of rack-rent? Should excessive profit be included?
4. How could industry be financed if there were no wealthy investors with acc.u.mulations?
5. When is a college student a parasite?
6. If college communities had less money would they breed better men and women?
7. How have the successes of predatory finance affected the outlook and morality of college students?
Chapter IX. The Social Test Of Religion
_Religion Must be Socially Efficient_
The teaching of Jesus dealt with three recalcitrant forces, which easily escape from the control of social duty and become a clog to spiritual progress: ambition for power and leadership, and the love of property, have been considered. How about religion? Is it a help or a hindrance in the progress of humanity? Opinions are very much divided today. No student of society can neglect religion as a social force. What did Jesus think of it?
DAILY READINGS
First Day: Worship is not Enough
What unto me is the mult.i.tude of your sacrifices? saith Jehovah: I have had enough of the burnt-offerings of rams, and the fat of fed beasts; and I delight not in the blood of bullocks, or of lambs, or of he-goats. When ye come to appear before me, who hath required this at your hand, to trample my courts? Bring no more vain oblations; incense is an abomination unto me; new moon and sabbath, the calling of a.s.semblies,-I cannot away with iniquity and the solemn meeting. Your new moons and your appointed feasts my soul hateth; they are a trouble unto me; I am weary of bearing them. And when ye spread forth your hands, I will hide mine eyes from you; yea, when ye make many prayers, I will not hear: your hands are full of blood. Wash you, make you clean; put away the evil of your doings from before mine eyes; cease to do evil; learn to do well; seek justice, relieve the oppressed, judge the fatherless, plead for the widow.-Isa. 1:11-17.
Wherewith shall I come before Jehovah, and bow myself before the high G.o.d? shall I come before him with burnt-offerings, with calves a year old? will Jehovah be pleased with thousands of rams, or with ten thousands of rivers of oil? shall I give my first-born for my transgression, the fruit of my body for the sin of my soul?
He hath showed thee, O man, what is good; and what doth Jehovah require of thee, but to do justly, and to love kindness, and to walk humbly with thy G.o.d?-Micah 6:6-8.
These two pa.s.sages are cla.s.sical expressions of a note which runs through all the prophetic teaching of the Old Testament. There was a fundamental antagonism between those who saw the service of G.o.d in the inherited ritual and sacrificial action, and those who felt that the essential service of G.o.d is righteousness of life. The prophets wanted a religion that would change social conduct, and repudiated religious doings that had no ethical value. They held that worship alone is not enough. G.o.d wants life and conduct.
Suggest parallels from the history of the Christian or the non-Christian religions.
Second Day: The Test of Social Value
And it came to pa.s.s, that he was going on the sabbath day through the grainfields; and his disciples began, as they went, to pluck the ears. And the Pharisees said unto him, Behold, why do they on the sabbath day that which is not lawful? And he said unto them, Did ye never read what David did, when he had need, and was hungry, he, and they that were with him? How he entered into the house of G.o.d when Abiathar was high priest, and ate the s...o...b..ead, which it is not lawful to eat save for the priests, and gave also to them that were with him? And he said unto them, The sabbath was made for man; and not man for the sabbath: so that the Son of man is lord even of the sabbath.
And he entered again into the synagogue; and there was a man there who had his hand withered. And they watched him, whether he would heal him on the sabbath day; that they might accuse him. And he saith unto the man that had his hand withered, Stand forth. And he saith unto them, Is it lawful on the sabbath day to do good, or to do harm? to save a life, or to kill? But they held their peace.
And when he had looked round about on them with anger, being grieved at the hardening of their heart, he saith unto the man, Stretch forth thy hand. And he stretched it forth; and his hand was restored.-Mark 2:23-3:5.
The Mosaic law intended the Sabbath to be a haven of rest for all who were driven, the slave, the immigrant, even the cattle. It was a precious inst.i.tution of social protection. But the strict religionists of Jesus"
time had made a yoke of tyranny of it, so that hungry men could not rub the kernels from ears of grain without being charged with threshing, and Jesus could not heal a poor paralytic without getting black looks. A fine inst.i.tution of social welfare and relief had been turned into an anti-social regulation. Jesus fell back on the fundamental maxim of the prophets, "I desire kindness and not sacrifice," and laid down the principle that "the Sabbath was made for man, and not man for the Sabbath." The religious inst.i.tution of the Sabbath must have social value; this is the essential test even in religion.
Is the Sabbath more useful to society now than in Puritan times?
From which do we suffer more today, from excessive strictness or excessive looseness in Sabbath observance?
How is the social value of the rest-day frustrated for the working cla.s.s?
Third Day: Natural Duty above Artificial
And the Pharisees and the scribes ask him, Why walk not thy disciples according to the tradition of the elders, but eat their bread with defiled hands? And he said unto them, Well did Isaiah prophesy of you hypocrites, as it is written,