3. How does the Christian law of love bear on the relations of the races in America?
4. What have Christian missions done to lead society from the nationalistic to the international and inter-racial stage?
5. Can world-wide social unity be secured without the influence of Christianity?
VI. _For Special Discussion_
1. To what extent does our present commercial and industrial organization furnish a basis for experience of solidarity and education in it?
2. What aspects of modern advertising are Christian and which are non-Christian?
3. To what extent is the law of the market compatible with a fraternal conception of society?
4. Would a successful socialist organization create a stronger sense of solidarity or would divisive interests get in by new ways?
5. Which has the better inducements to loyalty, a college, or a trade union? Which has more of it?
6. How does the team spirit go wrong among students?
Chapter III. Standing With The People
We have found two simple and axiomatic social principles in the fundamental convictions of Jesus: The sacredness of life and personality, and the spiritual solidarity of men. Now confront a mind mastered by these convictions with the actual conditions of society, with the contempt for life and the denial of social obligation existing, and how will he react?
How will he see the duty of the strong, and his own duty?
DAILY READINGS
First Day: The Social Platform of Jesus
And he came to Nazareth, where he had been brought up: and he entered, as his custom was, into the synagogue on the sabbath day, and stood up to read. And there was delivered unto him the book of the prophet Isaiah. And he opened the book, and found the place where it was written,
The Spirit of the Lord is upon me, Because he anointed me to preach good tidings to the poor: He hath sent me to proclaim release to the captives, And recovering of sight to the blind, To set at liberty them that are bruised, To proclaim the acceptable year of the Lord.
And he closed the book, and gave it back to the attendant, and sat down: and the eyes of all in the synagogue were fastened on him.
And he began to say unto them, To-day hath this scripture been fulfilled in your ears. And all bare him witness, and wondered at the words of grace which proceeded out of his mouth: and they said, Is not this Joseph"s son?-Luke 4:16-22.
Luke evidently felt that this appearance of Jesus in the synagogue of his home city at the outset of his public work was a significant occasion. The pa.s.sage from Isaiah (61:1f) was doubtless one of the favorite quotations of Jesus. He saw his own aims summarized in it and he now announced it as his program. Its promises were now about to be realized. What were they?
Glad tidings for the poor, release for the imprisoned, sight for the blind, freedom for the oppressed, and a "year of Jehovah." If this was an allusion to the year of Jubilee (Lev. 25), it involved a revolutionary "shedding of burdens," such as Solon brought about at Athens. At any rate, social and religious emanc.i.p.ation are woven together in these phrases.
Plainly Jesus saw his mission in raising to free and full life those whom life had held down and hurt.
"As thou didst send me into the world, even so sent I them." Must the platform of Jesus be our platform and program?
Second Day: The Social Test of the Messiah
And the disciples of John told him of all these things. And John calling unto him two of his disciples sent them to the Lord, saying, Art thou he that cometh, or look we for another? And when the men were come unto him, they said, John the Baptist hath sent us unto thee, saying, Art thou he that cometh, or look we for another? In that hour he cured many of diseases and plagues and evil spirits; and on many that were blind he bestowed sight. And he answered and said unto them, Go and tell John the things which ye have seen and heard; the blind receive their sight, the lame walk, the lepers are cleansed, and the deaf hear, the dead are raised up, the poor have good tidings preached to them. And blessed is he, whosoever shall find no occasion of stumbling in me. Luke 7:18-23.
Was Jesus the Coming One? He did not quite measure up to John"s expectations. The Messiah was to purge the people of evil elements, winnowing the chaff from the wheat and burning it. His symbol was the axe.
Jesus was manifesting no such spirit. Was he then the Messiah?
Jesus shifted the test to another field. Human suffering was being relieved and the poor were having glad news proclaimed to them. Sympathy for the people was the a.s.sured common ground between Jesus and John. Jesus felt that John would recognize the dawn of the reign of G.o.d by the evidence which he offered him.
What, then, would be proper evidence that the reign of G.o.d is gaining ground in our intellect and feeling?
Third Day: The Church, a Product of Social Feeling
And Jesus went about all the cities and the villages, teaching in their synagogues, and preaching the gospel of the kingdom, and healing all manner of disease and all manner of sickness. But when he saw the mult.i.tudes, he was moved with compa.s.sion for them, because they were distressed and scattered, as sheep not having a shepherd. Then saith he unto his disciples, The harvest indeed is plenteous, but the laborers are few. Pray ye therefore the Lord of the harvest, that he send forth laborers into his harvest. And he called unto him his twelve disciples, and gave them authority over unclean spirits, to cast them out, and to heal all manner of disease and all manner of sickness.-Matt. 9:35-10:1.
The selection of the Twelve, their grouping by twos, and their employment as independent messengers, was the most important organizing act of Jesus.
Out of it ultimately grew the Christian Church. Now note what motives led to it. Jesus was relieving social misery. He was oppressed by the sense of it. The Greek verbs are very inadequately rendered by "distressed and scattered." The first means "skinned, harried"; the second means "flung down, prostrate." The people were like a flock of sheep after the wolves are through with them. There was dearth of true leaders. So Jesus took the material he had and organized the apostolate-for what? The Church grew out of the social feeling of Jesus for the sufferings of the common people.
To what extent, in your judgment, does the Church today share the feeling of Jesus about the condition of the people and fulfil the purpose for which he organized the apostolate? Or has the condition of the people changed so that their social needs are less urgent?
Fourth Day: Jesus Took Sides
And he lifted up his eyes on his disciples, and said, Blessed are ye poor: for yours is the kingdom of G.o.d. Blessed are ye that hunger now: for ye shall be filled. Blessed are ye that weep now: for ye shall laugh. Blessed are ye, when men shall hate you, and when they shall separate you from their company, and reproach you, and cast out your name as evil, for the Son of man"s sake. Rejoice in that day, and leap for joy: for behold, your reward is great in heaven; for in the same manner did their fathers unto the prophets. But woe unto you that are rich! for ye have received your consolation. Woe unto you, ye that are full now! for ye shall hunger. Woe unto you, ye that laugh now for ye shall mourn and weep. Woe unto you, when all men shall speak well of you! for in the same manner did their fathers to the false prophets.-Luke 6:20-26.
In these Beat.i.tudes, as Luke reports them, Jesus clearly takes sides with the lowly. He says G.o.d and the future are not on the side of the rich, the satiated; the devotees of pleasure, the people who take the popular side on everything. Ultimately the verdict will be for those who are now poor and underfed, who carry the heavy end of things, and who have to stand for the unpopular side. In the report of the Beat.i.tudes given by Matthew (5:3-12) the terms are less social and more spiritual, and the contrast between the upper and lower cla.s.ses is not marked; but even there the promise of the great reversal of things is to the humble and peaceable folk, the hard hit and unpopular; they are to inherit the earth, and also G.o.d"s kingdom.
Would it make Jesus a wiser teacher and n.o.bler figure if he had reversed his sympathies?
Fifth Day: Salvation through the Common People
In that same hour he rejoiced in the Holy Spirit, and said, I thank thee, O Father, Lord of heaven and earth, that thou didst hide these things from the wise and understanding, and didst reveal them unto babes: yea, Father; for so it was well-pleasing in thy sight.-Luke 10:21.
For behold your calling, brethren, that not many wise after the flesh, not many mighty, not many n.o.ble, are called: but G.o.d chose the foolish things of the world, that he might put to shame them that are wise; and G.o.d chose the weak things of the world, that he might put to shame the things that are strong; and the base things of the world, and the things that are despised, did G.o.d choose, yea and the things that are not, that he might bring to nought the things that are: that no flesh should glory before G.o.d.-1 Cor 1:26-29.