Switch, Pole Changing.
A switch for changing the direction of the current in a circuit.
Switch, Reversing.
A switch, often of the plug type (see Plug Switch) for changing the direction of current pa.s.sing through a galvanometer.
Switch, Snap.
A switch constructed to give a quick, sharp break. It has a spiral spring interposed between the handle and arm. As the handle is drawn back to open it the spring is first extended, the bar being held by the friction of the contacts, until the spring suddenly jerks it up, thus breaking the contact.
Switch, Storage Battery Changing.
A switch for changing storage battery connections from series to multiple and back again.
Switch, Three Way.
A switch, so constructed that by turning its handle connection can be made from one lead to either of two other leads, and also so that connection can be completely cut off.
Sympathetic Vibration.
The establishment of periodic movement in one body by impulses of the same period communicated to it from another body in motion. Thus if two tuning forks are of the same pitch and one is sounded the other will begin to sound by sympathy, the sound waves communicating the necessary periodic impulses to it.
Sympathetic vibrations are utilized in harmonic telegraphy. (See Harmonic Receiver--Telegraph, Harmonic.)
T.
Symbol of time.
Tailings.
(a) In high speed transmission of telegraph signals by the automatic system, the definiteness of the signal marks is sometimes interfered with by r.e.t.a.r.dation. Wrong marks are thus produced called tailings.
(b) The prolongation of the current at the distant receiving station of a telegraph line due to the discharge of the line and to self-induction.
Synonyms--Tailing--Tailing Current.
502 STANDARD ELECTRICAL DICTIONARY.
Tamidine.
Reduced nitro-cellulose. Nitro-cellulose is dissolved in a proper solvent and is obtained by evaporation as a translucent solid ma.s.s. By ammonium sulphide or other reagent it is reduced so as to be virtually cellulose. It is cut into shape for filaments of incandescent lamps, which shapes are carbonized and flashed.
Tangent Law.
In a galvanometer the tangents of the angles of deflection of the needle are proportional to the deflecting force--
I. When the controlling force is unaltered in absolute magnitude and direction by the motion of the needle.
II. When the deflecting force acts at right angles always to the controlling force.
These conditions are usually secured by having the actuating coil through which the current pa.s.ses flat and of large diameter compared to the length of the needle; by using the uniform field of the earth as the control; by having a short needle; by placing the coil with its plane in the magnetic meridian.
For best proportions of tangent galvanometer coils see Bobbins.
Fig. 310. GRAPHIC CONSTRUCTION OF TANGENT SCALE.
Tangent Scale.
An arc of a circle in which the number of graduations in any arc starting from zero are proportional to the tangent of the angle subtended by such arc. The system is for use with tangent galvanometers.
Thus if for 45? a value of 100 is taken and marked on the scale then for the arc 26? 33" + a value of 50 should be marked on the scale because such are the relative values of the tangents.
Thus the scale instead of being divided into degrees is divided into arcs of varying length, growing shorter as they are more distant from the zero point, of such length that the first division being subtended by a tangent of length 1, the first and second divisions added or taken together as one arc are subtended by a tangent of length 2, and so on.
In the cut a simple method of graphically laying out a tangent scale is shown. In it C is the centre of the arc, and H the radius running to the zero of the instrument. From C a circle is described and on H a vertical line tangent to the arc is erected. Taking any part of the tangent, as the length shown ending at D, it is divided into any number of equal parts. Radii of the circle are now drawn whose prolongations pa.s.s through the divisions on the tangent. These radii, where they intersect the arc of the circle, determine equal divisions of the tangent scale, which, as is evident from the construction, are unequal angular divisions of the arc.
503 STANDARD ELECTRICAL DICTIONARY.
Tanning, Electric.
The tanning of hides in the manufacture of leather by the aid of electrolysis. A current of electricity is maintained through the tanning vats in which regular tanning liquor is contained. Very extraordinary claims are made for the saving of time in the tanning process. What is ordinarily a process of several months, and sometimes of a year, is said to be reduced to one occupying a few days only. The action of electrolysis is the one relied on to explain the results.
Tapper.
The key used in single needle telegraph transmitters. It comprises two flat springs L, E, each with a handle, normally pressed upward against one contact bar Z, and when pressed down by the operator making contact against a lower bar C when messages are to be transmitted. A double tapper, such as shown, is used for each instrument.
Synonyms--Double Tapper Key--Pedal Key.
Fig. 311. TAPPER.
Target, Electric.
A target registering or indicating electrically upon an annunciator the point of impact of each bullet.
Taste, Galvanic.
The effect produced upon the gustatory nerves by the pa.s.sage of an electric current, or by the maintenance of potential difference between two portions of the tongue. It is very simply produced by placing a silver coin above, and a piece of zinc below the tongue, or the reverse, and touching their edges. A sour, peculiar taste is at once perceived.
It cannot be due to any measurable quant.i.ty of current or of electrolytic decomposition, because the couple can do little more than establish a potential difference. With a strong current the taste becomes too strong for comfort, and if on a telegraph line the extra currents produced by the signaling make the operation of tasting the current a very unpleasant one. It is said that messages have been received in this way, the receiver placing one terminal of the line on his tongue, and a terminal attached to a grounded wire below it, and then receiving the Morse characters by taste.
504 STANDARD ELECTRICAL DICTIONARY.
Teazer.
Originally a fine wire coil wound on the field magnets of a dynamo in shunt with the regular winding to maintain the magnetism. It was originally used in electroplating machines to prevent inversion of the magnetism, but has since developed into a component part of the winding of the compound dynamo. (See Dynamo, Compound.)