An arc lamp adapted to be used, a number in series, upon the same circuit. The electric regulating mechanism is placed in shunt or in parallel with the carbons and arc. (See Lamp, Arc.)
Lamps, Bank of.
A number of lamps mounted on a board or other base, and connected to serve as voltage indicator or to show the existence of grounds, or for other purposes.
Lamp, Semi-incandescent.
A lamp partaking of the characteristics of both arc and incandescence; a lamp in which the imperfect contact of two carbon electrodes produces a part of or all of the resistance to the current which causes incandescence.
The usual type of these lamps includes a thin carbon rod which rests against a block of carbon. The species of arc formed at the junction of the two heats the carbons. Sometimes the upper carbon or at least its end is heated also by true incandescence, the current being conveyed near to its end before entering it.
Semi-incandescent lamps are not used to any extent now.
Lamp Socket.
A receptacle for an incandescent lamp; the lamp being inserted the necessary connections with the two leads are automatically made in most sockets. The lamps may be screwed or simply thrust into the socket and different ones are constructed for different types of lamps. A key for turning the current on and off is often a part of the socket.
Latent Electricity.
The bound charge of static electricity. (See Charge, Bound.)
Law of Intermediate Metals.
A law of thermo-electricity. The electro-motive force between any two metals is equal to the sum of electro-motive forces between each of the two metals and any intermediate metal in the thermo-electric series, or the electro-motive force between any two metals is equal to the sum of the electromotive forces between all the intermediate ones and the original two metals; it is the a.n.a.logue of Volta"s Law, q. v.
Law of Inverse Squares.
When force is exercised through s.p.a.ce from a point, its intensity varies inversely with the square of the distance. Thus the intensity of light radiated by a luminous point at twice a given distance therefrom is of one-fourth the intensity it had at the distance in question.
Gravitation, electric and magnetic attraction and repulsion and other radiant forces are subject to the same law.
324 STANDARD ELECTRICAL DICTIONARY.
Law of Successive Temperatures.
A law of thermo-electricity. The electro-motive force due to a given difference of temperature between the opposite junctions of the metals is equal to the sum of the electro-motive forces produced by fractional differences of temperature, whose sum is equal to the given difference and whose sum exactly fills the given range of temperature.
Law, Right-handed Screw.
This rather crude name is given by Emtage to a law expressing the relation of direction of current in a circuit to the positive direction of the axis of a magnet acted on by such current. It is thus expressed: A right-handed screw placed along the axis of the magnet and turned in the direction of the current will move in the positive direction, i. e., towards the north pole of the axis of the magnet.
Lead.
A metal; one of the elements; symbol Pb. Atomic weight, 207; equivalent, 103-1/2; valency, 2.
Lead may also be a tetrad, when its equivalent is 51.75.
The following data are at 0? C. (32? F.) with compressed metal: Relative Resistance, (Silver = l) 13.05 Specific Resistance, 19.63 microhms.
Resistance of a wire, (a) 1 ft. long, weighing 1 grain, 3.200 ohms.
(b) 1 meter long, weighing 1 gram, 2.232 "
(c) 1 meter long, 1 millimeter thick, .2498 "
Resistance of 1 inch cube, 7.728 microhms.
Electro-Chemical Equivalent (Hydrogen = .0105) 1.086 mgs.
Leading Horns.
The tips of pole pieces in a dynamo, which extend in the direction of movement of the armature.
Leading-in Wires.
The platinum wires pa.s.sing through the gla.s.s of an incandescent lamp-chamber, to effect the connection of the carbon filament with the wires of the circuit.
Lead of Brushes, Negative.
In a motor the brushes are set backwards from their normal position, or in a position towards the direction of armature rotation or given a negative lead instead of a positive one, such as is given to dynamo brushes.
Leak.
A loss or escape of electricity by accidental connection either with the ground or with some conductor. There are various kinds of leak to which descriptive terms are applied.
Leakage.
The loss of current from conductors; due to grounding at least at two places, or to very slight grounding at a great many places, or all along a line owing to poor insulation. In aerial or pole telegraph lines in wet weather there is often a very large leakage down the wet poles from the wire. (See Surface Leakage--Magnetic Leakage.)
325 STANDARD ELECTRICAL DICTIONARY.
Leakage Conductor.
A conductor placed on telegraph poles to conduct directly to earth any leakage from a wire and thus prevent any but a very small portion finding its way into the other wires on the same pole. It presents a choice of evils, as it increases the electrostatic capacity of the line, and thus does harm as well as good. It consists simply of a wire grounded and secured to the pole.
Leg of Circuit.
One lead or side of a complete metallic circuit.
Lenz"s Law.
A law expressing the relations of direction of an inducing current or field of force to the current induced by any disturbance in the relations between such field and any closed conductor within its influence. It may be variously expressed.
(a) If the relative position of two conductors, A and B, be changed, of which A is traversed by a current, a current is induced in B in such a direction that, by its electro-dynamic action on the current in A, it would have imparted to the conductors a motion of the contrary kind to that by which the inducing action was produced. (Ganot.)
(b) The new (induced) current will increase the already existing resistances, or develop new resistance to that disturbance of the field which is the cause of induction. (Daniell.)
(c) When a conductor is moving in a magnetic field a current is induced in the conductor in such a direction as by its mechanical action to oppose the motion. (Emtage.)
(d) The induced currents are such as to develop resistance to the change brought about.
Letter Boxes, Electric.
Letter boxes with electrical connections to a bell or indicator of some sort, which is caused to act by putting a letter into the box.