On motion of Mr. Farnsworth,
"_Resolved_, That the Committee on Naval Affairs be requested to inquire and report to this House if any, and what, further legislation is necessary on the part of the United States to fully carry out and perform the stipulations contained in the eighth article of the treaty with Great Britain (known as the "Ashburton treaty") for the suppression of the slave trade." _House Journal_, 35 Cong. 2 sess. pp. 115-6.
~1859, Jan. 5. Congress (Senate): Resolution on Slave-Trade.~
On motion of Mr. Seward, Dec. 21, 1858,
"_Resolved_, That the Committee on the Judiciary inquire whether any amendments to existing laws ought to be made for the suppression of the African slave trade." _Senate Journal_, 35 Cong. 2 sess. pp. 80, 108, 115.
~1859, Jan. 13. Congress (Senate): Bill on Slave-Trade.~
Mr. Seward introduced "a bill (Senate, No. 510) in addition to the acts which prohibit the slave trade." Referred to committee, reported, and dropped. _Ibid._, pp. 134, 321.
~1859, Jan. 31. Congress (House): Reopening of Slave-Trade.~
"Mr. Kilgore moved that the rules be suspended, so as to enable him to submit the following preamble and resolutions, viz:
"Whereas the laws prohibiting the African slave trade have become a topic of discussion with newspaper writers and political agitators, many of them boldly denouncing these laws as unwise in policy and disgraceful in their provisions, and insisting on the justice and propriety of their repeal, and the revival of the odious traffic in African slaves; and whereas recent demonstrations afford strong reasons to apprehend that said laws are to be set at defiance, and their violation openly countenanced and encouraged by a portion of the citizens of some of the States of this Union; and whereas it is proper in view of said facts that the sentiments of the people"s representatives in Congress should be made public in relation thereto: Therefore--
"_Resolved_, That while we recognize no right on the part of the federal government, or any other law-making power, save that of the States wherein it exists, to interfere with or disturb the inst.i.tution of domestic slavery where it is established or protected by State legislation, we do hold that Congress has power to prohibit the foreign traffic, and that no legislation can be too thorough in its measures, nor can any penalty known to the catalogue of modern punishment for crime be too severe against a traffic so inhuman and unchristian.
"_Resolved_, That the laws in force against said traffic are founded upon the broadest principles of philanthropy, religion, and humanity; that they should remain unchanged, except so far as legislation may be needed to render them more efficient; that they should be faithfully and promptly executed by our government, and respected by all good citizens.
"_Resolved_, That the Executive should be sustained and commended for any proper efforts whenever and wherever made to enforce said laws, and to bring to speedy punishment the wicked violators thereof, and all their aiders and abettors."
Failed of the two-thirds vote necessary to suspend the rules--the vote being 115 to 84--and was dropped. _House Journal_, 35 Cong. 2 sess. pp.
298-9.
~1859, March 3. United States Statute: Appropriation.~
To carry out the Act of March 3, 1819, and subsequent acts, and to pay expenses already incurred, $75,000. _Statutes at Large_, XI. 404.
~1859, Dec. 19. President Buchanan"s Message.~
"All lawful means at my command have been employed, and shall continue to be employed, to execute the laws against the African slave trade.
After a most careful and rigorous examination of our coasts, and a thorough investigation of the subject, we have not been able to discover that any slaves have been imported into the United States except the cargo by the Wanderer, numbering between three and four hundred. Those engaged in this unlawful enterprise have been rigorously prosecuted, but not with as much success as their crimes have deserved. A number of them are still under prosecution. [Here follows a history of our slave-trade legislation.]
"These acts of Congress, it is believed, have, with very rare and insignificant exceptions, accomplished their purpose. For a period of more than half a century there has been no perceptible addition to the number of our domestic slaves.... Reopen the trade, and it would be difficult to determine whether the effect would be more deleterious on the interests of the master, or on those of the native born slave, ..."
_Senate Exec. Doc._, 36 Cong. 1 sess. I. No. 2, pp. 5-8.
~1860, March 20. Congress (Senate): Proposed Resolution.~
"Mr. Wilson submitted the following resolution; which was considered, by unanimous consent, and agreed to:--
"_Resolved_, That the Committee on the Judiciary be instructed to inquire into the expediency of so amending the laws of the United States in relation to the suppression of the African slave trade as to provide a penalty of imprisonment for life for a partic.i.p.ation in such trade, instead of the penalty of forfeiture of life, as now provided; and also an amendment of such laws as will include in the punishment for said offense all persons who fit out or are in any way connected with or interested in fitting out expeditions or vessels for the purpose of engaging in such slave trade." _Senate Journal_, 36 Cong. 1 sess. p.
274.
~1860, March 20. Congress (Senate): Right of Search.~
"Mr. Wilson asked, and by unanimous consent obtained, leave to bring in a joint resolution (Senate, No. 20) to secure the right of search on the coast of Africa, for the more effectual suppression of the African slave trade." Read twice, and referred to Committee on Foreign Relations.
_Ibid._
~1860, March 20. Congress (Senate): Steam Vessels for Slave-Trade.~
"Mr. Wilson asked, and by unanimous consent obtained, leave to bring in a bill (Senate, No. 296) for the construction of five steam screw sloops-of-war, for service on the African coast." Read twice, and referred to Committee on Naval Affairs; May 23, reported with an amendment. _Ibid._, pp. 274, 494-5.
~1860 March 26. Congress (House): Proposed Resolutions.~
"Mr. Morse submitted ... the following resolutions; which were read and committed to the Committee of the Whole House on the state of the Union, viz:
"_Resolved_, That for the more effectual suppression of the African slave trade the treaty of 1842 ..., requiring each country to keep _eighty_ guns on the coast of Africa for that purpose, should be so changed as to require a specified and sufficient number of small steamers and fast sailing brigs or schooners to be kept on said coast....
"_Resolved_, That as the African slave trade appears to be rapidly increasing, some effective mode of identifying the nationality of a vessel on the coast of Africa suspected of being in the slave trade or of wearing false colors should be immediately adopted and carried into effect by the leading maritime nations of the earth; and that the government of the United States has thus far, by refusing to aid in establishing such a system, shown a strange neglect of one of the best means of suppressing said trade.
"_Resolved_, That the African slave trade is against the moral sentiment of mankind and a crime against human nature; and that as the most highly civilized nations have made it a criminal offence or piracy under their own munic.i.p.al laws, it ought at once and without hesitation to be declared a crime by the code of international law; and that ... the President be requested to open negotiations on this subject with the leading powers of Europe." ... _House Journal_, 36 Cong. 1 sess. I.
588-9.
~1860, April 16. Congress (Senate): Bill on Slave-Trade.~
"Mr. Wilson asked, and by unanimous consent obtained, leave to bring in a bill (Senate, No. 408) for the more effectual suppression of the slave trade." Bill read twice, and ordered to lie on the table; May 21, referred to Committee on the Judiciary, and printed. _Senate Journal_, 36 Cong. 1 sess. pp. 394, 485; _Congressional Globe_, 36 Cong. 1 sess.
pp. 1721, 2207-11.
~1860, May 21. Congress (House): Buyers of Imported Negroes.~
"Mr. Wells submitted the following resolution, and debate arising thereon, it lies over under the rule, viz:
"_Resolved_, That the Committee on the Judiciary be instructed to report forthwith a bill providing that any person purchasing any negro or other person imported into this country in violation of the laws for suppressing the slave trade, shall not by reason of said purchase acquire any t.i.tle to said negro or person; and where such purchase is made with a knowledge that such negro or other person has been so imported, shall forfeit not less than one thousand dollars, and be punished by imprisonment for a term not less than six months." _House Journal_, 36 Cong. 1 sess. II. 880.
~1860, May 26. United States Statute: Appropriation.~
To carry out the Act of March 3, 1819, and subsequent acts, $40,000.
_Statutes at Large_, XII. 21.
~1860, June 16. United States Statute: Additional Act to Act of 1819.~
"An Act to amend an Act ent.i.tled "An Act in addition to the Acts Prohibiting the Slave Trade."" _Ibid._, XII. 40-1; _Senate Journal_, 36 Cong. 1 sess., Senate Bill No. 464.