This hostility was not altogether due to his humble origin or to the little printing-office and stationery store where he sold goose-feathers as well as writing material and bought old rags. These disadvantages would not have been sufficient, for his accomplishments and wit raised him far above his early surroundings, and the colonial society of Philadelphia was not illiberal in such matters. The princ.i.p.al cause of the hostility towards him was his violent opposition to the proprietary party, to which most of the upper cla.s.ses belonged, and, having this ground of dislike, it was easy for them to strengthen and excuse it by the gossip about his illegitimate son and the son"s mother kept as a servant in his house. They ridiculed the small economies he practised, and branded his religious and moral theorizing as hypocrisy.
He was very fond of broad jokes, which have always been tolerated in America under certain circ.u.mstances; but the man who writes them, especially if he also writes and talks a great deal about religion and undertakes to improve prayer-books, gives a handle to his enemies and an opportunity for unfavorable comment. The _Portfolio_, a Philadelphia journal, of May 23, 1801, representing more particularly the upper cla.s.ses of the city, prints one of his broad letters, and takes the opportunity to a.s.sail him for "hypocrisy, hackneyed deism, muck-worn economy," and other characteristics of what it considers humbug and deceit. It has been suggested that far back in the past one of Franklin"s ancestors might have been French, for his name in the form Franquelin was at one time not uncommon in France. This might account for his easy brightness and vivacity, and also, it may be added, for such letters as he sometimes wrote:
"TO Mr. JAMES READ
"Sat.u.r.day morning Aug 17 "45.
"DEAR J.
"I have been reading your letter over again, and since you desire an answer I sit me down to write you; yet as I write in the market, will I believe be but a short one, tho" I may be long about it. I approve of your method of writing one"s mind when one is too warm to speak it with temper: but being myself quite cool in this affair I might as well speak as write, if I had opportunity. Your copy of Kempis must be a corrupt one if it has that pa.s.sage as you quote it, _in omnibus requiem quaesivi, sed non inveni, nisi in angulo c.u.m libello_. The good father understood pleasure (_requiem_) better, and wrote _in angulo c.u.m puella_. Correct it thus without hesitation."
(Portfolio, vol. i. p. 165.)
The letter continues the jest in a way that I do not care to quote; but the last half of it is full of sage and saintly advice. It is perhaps the only letter which gives at the same time both sides of Franklin"s character. But Sparks and Bigelow in their editions of his works give the last half only, with no indication that the first half has been omitted.
In the same year that he wrote this letter he also wrote his letter of advice to a young man on the choice of a mistress, a copy of which is now in the State Department at Washington, while numerous copies taken from it have been circulated secretly all over the country. This year (1745) seems to have been his reckless period, for it was about that time that he published "Polly Baker"s Speech," which will be given in another chapter. In the State Department at Washington is also preserved his letter on Perfumes to the Royal Academy of Brussels, which cannot be published under the rules of modern taste, and, in fact, Franklin himself speaks of it as having "too much _grossierete_" to be borne by polite readers.[14] I shall, however, give as much of the letter on the choice of a mistress as is proper to publish.
"June 25th, 1745.
"MY DEAR FRIEND:
"I know of no medicine fit to diminish the violent natural inclinations you mention, and if I did, I think I should not communicate it to you. Marriage is the _proper_ remedy. It is the most natural state of man, and, therefore, the state in which you are most likely to find solid happiness. Your reasons against entering it at present appear to me not well founded.
The circ.u.mstantial advantages you have in view of postponing it are not only uncertain, but they are small in comparison with that of the thing itself.
"It is the man and woman united that make the complete human being. Separate she wants his force of body and strength of reason. He her softness, sensibility, and acute discernment.
Together they are more likely to succeed in the world. A single man has not nearly the value he would have in a state of union.
He is an incomplete animal. He resembles the odd half of a pair of scissors. If you get a prudent, healthy wife, your industry in your profession, with her good economy will be a fortune sufficient.
"But if you will not take this counsel, and persist in thinking a commerce with the s.e.x inevitable, then I repeat my former advice, that in all your amours you should _prefer old women to young ones_. You call this a paradox and demand my reasons. They are these:
"1st. Because they have more knowledge of the world, and their minds are better stored with observations; their conversation is more improving and more lastingly agreeable.
"2d. Because when women cease to be handsome, they study to be good. To maintain their influence over men, they supply the diminution of beauty by an augmentation of utility. They learn to do a thousand services, small and great, and are the most tender and useful of all friends when you are sick. Thus they continue amiable, and hence there is scarcely such a thing to be found as an old woman who is not a good woman.
"3d. Because there is no hazard of children, which, irregularly produced, may be attended with much inconvenience.
"4th. Because, through more experience, they are more prudent and discreet in conducting an intrigue to prevent suspicion. The commerce with them is therefore safe with regard to your reputation and with regard to theirs. If the affair should happen to be known, considerate people might be rather inclined to excuse an old woman who would kindly take care of a young man, form his manners by her good counsels, and prevent his ruining his health and fortunes among mercenary prost.i.tutes.
"5th....
"6th....
"7th. Because the compunction is less. The having made a young girl miserable may give you frequent bitter reflections, none of which can attend the making an _old_ woman _happy_.
"8th and lastly....
"Thus much for my paradox, but I still advise you to marry directly, being sincerely,
"Your Affectionate Friend, "B. F."
Franklin, however, was capable of the most courteous gallantry to ladies. In France he delighted the most distinguished women of the court by his compliments and witticisms. When about fifty years old he wrote some letters to Miss Catharine Ray, of Rhode Island, which, as coming from an elderly man to a bright young girl who was friendly with him and told him her love-affairs, are extremely interesting. One of them about his wife we have already quoted. In a letter to him Miss Ray had asked, "How do you do and what are you doing? Does everybody still love you, and how do you make them do so?" After telling her about his health, he said,--
"As to the second question, I must confess (but don"t you be jealous), that many more people love me now than ever did before; for since I saw you, I have been able to do some general services to the country and to the army, for which both have thanked and praised me, and say they love me. They say so, as you used to do; and if I were to ask any favors of them, they would, perhaps, as readily refuse me; so that I find little real advantage in being beloved, but it pleases my humor."
On another occasion he wrote to her,--
"Persons subject to the _hyp_ complain of the northeast wind as increasing their malady. But since you promised to send me kisses in that wind, and I find you as good as your word, it is to me the gayest wind that blows, and gives me the best spirits.
I write this during a northeast storm of snow, the greatest we have had this winter. Your favors come mixed with the snowy fleeces, which are pure as your virgin innocence, white as your lovely bosom, and--as cold. But let it warm towards some worthy young man, and may Heaven bless you both with every kind of happiness."
He had another young friend to whom he wrote pretty letters, Miss Mary Stevenson, daughter of the Mrs. Stevenson in whose house he lived in London when on his diplomatic missions to England. He encouraged her in scientific study, and some of his most famous explanations of the operations of nature are to be found in letters written to her. He had hoped that she would marry his son William, but William"s fancy strayed elsewhere.
"PORTSMOUTH, 11 August, 1762.
"MY DEAR POLLY
"This is the best paper I can get at this wretched inn, but it will convey what is intrusted to it as faithfully as the finest.
It will tell my Polly how much her friend is afflicted that he must perhaps never again see one for whom he has so sincere an affection, joined to so perfect an esteem; who he once flattered himself might become his own, in the tender relation of a child, but can now entertain such pleasing hopes no more. Will it tell _how much_ he is afflicted? No, it cannot.
"Adieu, my dearest child. I will call you so. Why should I not call you so, since I love you with all the tenderness of a father? Adieu. May the G.o.d of all goodness shower down his choicest blessings upon you, and make you infinitely happier than that event would have made you...."
(Bigelow"s Works of Franklin, vol. iii. p. 209.)
This correspondence with Miss Stevenson continued for a great many years, and there are beautiful letters to her scattered all through his published works. The letters both to her and to Miss Ray became more serious as the two young women grew older and married. Miss Stevenson sought his advice on the question of her marriage, and his reply was as wise and affectionate as anything he ever wrote. She married Dr. Hewson, of London, and they migrated to Philadelphia, where she became the mother of a numerous family.
Franklin had a younger sister, Jane, a pretty girl, afterwards Mrs.
Mecom, of whom he was very fond, and he kept up a correspondence with her all his life, sending presents to her at Boston, helping her son to earn a livelihood, and giving her a.s.sistance in her old age. Their letters to each other were most homely and loving, and she took the greatest pride in his increasing fame.
His correspondence with his parents was also pleasant and familiar. In one of his letters to his mother he amuses her by accounts of her grandchildren, and at the same time pays a compliment to his sister Jane.
"As to your grandchildren, Will is now nineteen years of age, a tall, proper youth, and much of a beau. He acquired a habit of idleness on the Expedition, but begins of late to apply himself to business, and I hope will become an industrious man. He imagined his father had got enough for him, but I have a.s.sured him that I intend to spend what little I have myself, if it pleases G.o.d that I live long enough; and, as he by no means wants acuteness, he can see by my going on that I mean to be as good as my word.
"Sally grows a fine girl, and is extremely industrious with her needle, and delights in her work. She is of a most affectionate temper, and perfectly dutiful and obliging to her parents, and to all. Perhaps I flatter myself too much, but I have hopes that she will prove an ingenious, sensible, notable and worthy woman like her aunt Jenny." (Bigelow"s Works of Franklin, vol. ii. p.
154.)
Over the grave of his parents in the Granary Burial-Ground in Boston he placed a stone, and prepared for it one of those epitaphs in which he was so skilful and which were almost poems:
Josiah Franklin and Abiah his wife lie here interred.
They lived together in wedlock fifty-five years; and without an estate or any gainful employment, by constant labour, and honest industry, (with G.o.d"s blessing,) maintained a large family comfortably; and brought up thirteen children and seven grandchildren reputably.
From this instance, reader, be encouraged to diligence in thy calling, and distrust not Providence.
He was a pious and prudent man, she a discreet and virtuous woman.
Their youngest son, in filial regard to their memory, places this stone.
J. F. born 1655--died 1744,--ae. 89.
A. F. born 1667--died 1752,--ae. 85.