[Ill.u.s.tration: Copyright by George Grantham Bain.
Mayor of Cleveland getting motor boats ready for relief work in Northern Ohio. For days after the flood reached its height, even strong boats could reach many of the marooned people only with great difficulty and risk]
The thing that made the situation most difficult for concerted rescue work was the peculiar geographical situation of the town. It is divided into six sections: central Dayton, comprising the down-town business district; West Dayton, the territory extending several miles west of the big Miami; Riverdale, the northeast, across the river from the central district; Dayton View, the extreme northeast; Southern Dayton, the manufacturing district in which the National Cash Register Company"s plant is located and separated from the central district by lowlands which were deep in flood water, and North Dayton, northwest of the business district, across the river from the business section.
PITIABLE CONDITION OF MAROONED
The river forms a horseshoe around the business district, making it impossible to reach that part until the torrents that poured down the valley should recede.
Dayton View, West Dayton and Riverdale were the only sections between which communication was possible.
The suburb of Riverdale up to Helena Street was penetrated by the down-town relief commission and conditions found much similar to those in the southern suburbs. Everyone was crowded to the second floors or roofs of their homes, but few of the more stable dwellings were washed away.
North of Burns Avenue as far as Fourth Street the water was found to be from three to six feet deep. Beyond Fourth Street the water had receded to make it possible in many places to proceed on foot.
Nothing was known of the foreign settlement in North Dayton close to the Miami River. It was this part of the city where the flood first made its way and where the occupants of the houses had ignored warnings to leave. It was here also that it was feared most of the deaths would occur. The only body found on Thursday was that of Charles Parker, a livery man, discovered in the court house yard.
Captain of Police H. E. Lackhart declared that water in North Dayton, Miami City and East Dayton reached the housetops. His estimate of the number of dead in that district was three hundred.
The bodies of a woman and a baby were seen floating down Jefferson Street, one of Dayton"s main thoroughfares. It was thought that they came from the district north of the river.
A report which had been current in the water district south of Main Street that Brigadier-General Wood had been fatally injured by falling plate gla.s.s, proved to be untrue. He continued in full charge of the relief work, although his arm had been badly cut.
Parts of Main Street were impa.s.sable because of debris. At several points it comprised outbuildings that had struck more stable buildings and been dashed to pieces.
Hourly apprehension for the appalling sights to be uncovered when the waters return to normal was growing.
PLANS FOR FIGHTING PESTILENCE
Pestilence was feared and sanitary and health officials mapped out their work. Sewers were burst by the flood, manholes were simply blown from the earth, and it was realized that many days must elapse before the water service could be restored and before street car companies could operate.
Because of the lack of electric lights, and as a precaution against looting, military notices were posted, forbidding citizens to be on the streets between the hours of 6 P. M. and 5 A. M.
Word was received that a number of motor boats with men to operate them were on the way from Cleveland and Cincinnati.
The water receded rapidly during the day. An occasional snow flurry and biting gusts of wind added to the discomfort of the rescue crews, but they remained steadily at work.
The Emergency Committee began publication of an official newspaper from the plant of the National Cash Register Company. It was a one-sheet poster designed for free circulation in all accessible parts of the city. Its leading article warned the people to beware of thieves and burglars.
A thief was caught robbing homes of flood victims who had been taken to refuge stations. He was shot to death by state guardsmen.
The progress of the first canoe into the water-bound district was greeted by appeals for bread and water. In nearly every house left standing wistful faces were to be seen pressed against window panes. All of these were asked whether there had been any deaths and with only a few exceptions all replied that there had not.
Temporary morgues were established in the United Brethren Church and also at Fifth and Eagle Streets. At these points many bodies were cared for, chiefly those of women and children.
FALSE REPORT CAUSES PANIC
Needless suffering was caused during the day by an announcement of the breaking of the Lewistown reservoir. Men rushed through the uptown streets shouting:
"Run for your lives! The reservoir has broken!"
There was really no danger. The reservoir contained 17,000 acres of water s.p.a.ce, but it was pointed out that the flood extended over several million acres and the worst possible effect of the breaking of the reservoir would be to r.e.t.a.r.d the rescues and could not cause a rise of more than a foot. The waters at the time were seven feet lower than the high water of Tuesday night.
The alarm was spread by a policeman who was posted on the edge of the flood district. Others were quick to take up the cry.
Soon thousands of men and women crowded the streets. Many of them fled for the hills, but hundreds hurled themselves past guards and into the main office building of the National Cash Register Building, which was already crowded.
Not until John H. Patterson, president of the company, had addressed the throng was any semblance of order restored.
Mr. Patterson was appointed military aide in the southeast district of the city, with full control under martial law. He at once ordered every available motor car and truck to scour the farmhouses south of the city and confiscate all available food supplies.
Colonel H. G. Catrow arrived with his military aides from Columbus in the afternoon and took charge of the militiamen.
SIGHTSEERS BARRED FROM CITY
Sightseers of Springfield who sought to visit Dayton received a rude shock. On the first train to the stricken city from Springfield were fifty linemen and three coaches full of people on a sightseeing tour.
The Governor learned of this and on his orders when the train reached Dayton two soldiers were stationed at each car door and none but linemen were permitted to alight. The train was then run back to Springfield with its disappointed pa.s.sengers.
The Governor then ordered guardsmen at Springfield to let none board trains for Dayton who did not have a military pa.s.s. The purpose in this was to prevent idle visitors draining the limited food resources of Dayton.
DYNAMITE AND LIME SENT
Dynamite, gasoline and lime were sent from Springfield as supplies for the sanitary corps ordered there to prevent the spread of disease and a feared epidemic. The dynamite was needed to blow up dangerous obstructions, the gasoline to burn rubbish and the lime for disinfecting purposes.
Mutiny broke out in the city workhouse, where one hundred prisoners were confined. Terror-stricken by the flood and fire, the prisoners were demanding freedom.
They beat at their cell doors and shouted imprecations at their keepers.
Superintendent Johnson applied to the militia for help. One workhouse prisoner was released because he knew how to run the water-works pumps.
The two hundred and fifty guests of the Algonquin Hotel were kept comfortable except for the continuous dread that the fire would spread to them. The water reached the second floor, but all the supplies had been moved to places of safety, and those in the hotel experienced little discomfort.
From Fourth Street to the Miami River, relief work was taken up by a committee headed by Chief of Police Allaback. All of the grocery stores were commandeered and, although in most cases the goods were covered with water, yet sufficient supplies were found to prevent great suffering among those in the interior dry strip.
SUFFERERS CHEERFUL
One of the remarkable features was the cheerful spirit with which flood victims viewed their plight. This was Dayton"s first big flood in many years. Much of the submerged area had been considered safe, but as the majority of residents of these sections looked out on all sides upon a great sweep of muddy, swiftly moving water, they seemed undisturbed.
In some of the poorer sections the att.i.tude of the marooned was not so cheerful. As a motor boat pa.s.sed beneath the second floor at one partly submerged house, a man leaned out and threatened to shoot the boat"s occupants unless they rescued his wife and a baby that had been born the day before. The woman, almost dying, was let from the window by a rope and taken to a place of refuge.
Further on, members of a motor boat party were startled by shots in the second floor of a house, about which five feet of water swirled. The boat was stopped and a man peered from a window.
"Why are you shooting?" he was asked.