"I have positive information direct from Washington that the enemy will move in force across the Potomac on Mana.s.sas via Fairfax Court House and Centreville. I urge the immediate concentration of all available forces on my lines."
The Southern commander began his preparations to receive the attack.
The house on Church Hill had not been idle. Richmond swarmed with Federal spies under the skillful guidance of Socola.
General Scott knew in Washington within twenty-four hours that Beauregard was planting his men behind the Bull Run River in a position of great strength and that the formation of the ground was such with Bull Run on his front that his dislodgment would be a tremendous task.
The advance of the Federal army was delayed--delayed until the last gun and sc.r.a.p of machinery from Harper"s Ferry had been safely housed in Richmond and Fayetteville and Johnston had withdrawn his army to Winchester in closer touch with Beauregard.
And still the Union army did not move. Beauregard sent a trusted scout into Washington to Mrs. Greenhow with a sc.r.a.p of paper on which was written in cipher the two words:
"Trust Bearer--"
He arrived at the moment she had received the long sought information of the date of the army"s march. She glanced at the stolid masked face of the messenger and hesitated a moment.
"You are a Southerner?"
Donellan smiled.
"I"ve spent most of my life in Washington, Madam," he said frankly. "I was a clerk in the Department of the Interior. I cast my fortunes with the South."
It was enough. Her keen intuitions had scented danger in the man"s manner, his walk and personality. He was not a typical Southerner. The officials of the Secret Service Bureau had already given her evidence of their suspicions. She could not be too careful.
She seized her pen and hastily wrote in cipher:
"Order issued for McDowell to move on Mana.s.sas to-night."
She handed the tiny sc.r.a.p of paper to Donellan.
"My agents will take you in a buggy with relays of horses down the Potomac to a ferry near Dumfries. You will be ferried across."
The man touched his hat.
"I"ll know the way from there, Madam."
The scout delivered his message into Beauregard"s hands that night before eight o"clock.
At noon the next day Colonel Jordan had placed in her hands his answer:
"Yours received at eight o"clock. Let them come. We are ready. We rely upon you for precise information. Be particular as to description and destination of forces and quant.i.ty of artillery."
She had not been idle. She was able to write a message of almost equal importance to the one she had dispatched the day before. With quick nervous hand she wrote on another tiny sc.r.a.p of paper:
"The Federal commander has ordered the Mana.s.sas railroad to be cut to prevent the junction of Johnston with Beauregard."
The moment the first authentic information reached President Davis of the purpose to attack Beauregard he immediately urged General Johnston to make his preparations for the juncture of their forces.
And at once the President received confirmation of his fears of his General-in-Chief. Johnston delayed and began a correspondence of voluminous objections.
July 17, on receipt of the dispatch to Beauregard announcing the plan to cut the railroad, the President was forced to send Johnston a positive order to move his army to Mana.s.sas. The order was obeyed with a hesitation which imperiled the issue of battle. And while on the march, Beauregard"s pickets exchanging shots with McDowell"s skirmish line, Johnston began the first of his messages of complaint and haggling to his Chief at Richmond. Jealous of Beauregard"s popularity and fearful of his possible insubordination, Johnston telegraphed Davis demanding that his relative rank to Beauregard should be clearly defined before the juncture of their armies.
The question was utterly unnecessary. The promotion of Johnston to the full grade of general could leave no conceivable doubt on such a point.
The President realized with a sickening certainty the beginning of a quarrel between the two men, dangerous to the cause of the South. Their failure to act in harmony would make certain the defeat of the raw recruits on their first field of battle.
He decided at the earliest possible moment to go in person and prevent this threatened quarrel. Already blood had flowed. With a strong column of infantry, artillery and cavalry McDowell had attempted to force the approaches to one of the fords of Bull Run. They were twice driven back and withdrew from the field. Longstreet"s brigade had lost fifteen killed and fifty-three wounded in holding his position.
The President hastened to telegraph his sulking general the explicit definition of rank he had demanded:
Richmond, July 20, 1861.
"General J. E. Johnston,
"Mana.s.sas Junction, Virginia.
"You are a General of the Confederate Army possessed of the power attached to that rank. You will know how to make the exact knowledge of Brigadier General Beauregard, as well of the ground as of the troops and preparation avail for the success of the object for which you cooperate. The zeal of both a.s.sures me of harmonious action.
"Jefferson Davis."
As a matter of fact the President was consumed with painful anxiety lest there should not be harmonious action if Johnston should reach the field in time for the fight. His own presence was required by law at Richmond on July 20, for the delivery of his message to the a.s.sembled Congress. It was impossible for him to leave for the front before Sunday morning the 21st.
The battle began at eight o"clock.
General McDowell"s army had moved to this attack hounded by the clamor of demagogues for the immediate capture of Richmond by his "Grand Army."
Every Northern newspaper had dinned into his ears and the ears of an impatient public but one cry for months:
"On to Richmond!"
At last the news was spread in Washington that the army would move and bivouac in Richmond"s public square within ten days. The march was to be a triumphal procession. The Washington politicians filled wagons and carriages with champagne to celebrate the victory. Tickets were actually printed and distributed for a ball in Richmond. The army was accompanied by long lines of excited spectators to witness the one grand struggle of the war--Congressmen, toughs from the saloons, gaudy ladies from questionable resorts, a clamoring, perspiring rabble bent on witnessing scenes of blood.
The Union General"s information as to Beauregard"s position and army was accurate and full. He knew that Johnston"s command of ten thousand men had begun to arrive the day before. He did not know that half of them were still tangled up somewhere on the railroad waiting for transportation. Even with Johnston"s entire command on the ground his army outnumbered the Southerners and his divisions of seasoned veterans from the old army and his matchless artillery gave him an enormous advantage.
With consummate skill he planned the battle and began its successful execution.
His scouts had informed him that the Southern line was weak on its left wing resting on the Stone Bridge across the river. Here the long drawn line of Beauregard"s army thinned to a single regiment supported at some distance by a battalion. Here the skillful Union General determined to strike.
At two-thirty before daylight his dense lines of enthusiastic men swung into the dusty moonlit road for their movement to flank the Confederate left.
Swiftly and silently the flower of McDowell"s army, eighteen thousand picked men, moved under the cover of the night to their chosen crossing at Sudley"s Ford, two miles beyond the farthest gray picket of Beauregard"s left.
Tyler"s division was halted at the Stone Bridge on which the lone regiment of Col. Evans lay beyond the stream. He was ordered to feign an attack on that point while the second and third divisions should creep cautiously along a circuitous road two miles above, cross unopposed and slip into the rear of Beauregard"s long-drawn left wing, roll it up in a mighty scroll of flame, join Tyler"s division as it should sweep across the Stone Bridge and together the three divisions in one solid ma.s.s could crush the ten-mile battle line into hopeless confusion.
The plan was skillfully and daringly conceived.
Tyler"s division halted at the Stone Bridge and silently formed as the first glow of dawn tinged the eastern hills.