For, first, the inquiry shows disbelief in our Lord"s own words, that all dominion is given to Him in heaven and earth, and that He is with us always, even to the end of the world. And next, it is a vain inquiry, based on a mistake. When we look back longingly to any past age, we look not at the reality, but at a sentimental and untrue picture of our own imagination. When we look back longingly to the so-called ages of faith, to the personal loyalty of the old Cavaliers; when we regret that there are no more among us such giants in statesmanship and power as those who brought Europe through the French Revolution; when we long that our lot was cast in any age beside our own, we know not what we ask. The ages which seem so beautiful afar off, would look to us, were we in them, uglier than our own. If we long to be back in those so-called devout ages of faith, we long for an age in which witches and heretics were burned alive; if we long after the chivalrous loyalty of the old Cavaliers, we long for an age in which stage-plays were represented, even before a virtuous monarch like Charles I., which the lowest of our playgoers would not now tolerate. When we long for anything that is past, we long, it may be, for a little good which we seem to have lost; but we long also for real and fearful evil, which, thanks be to G.o.d, we have lost likewise. We are not, indeed, to fancy this age perfect, and boast, like some, of the glorious nineteenth century. We are to keep our eyes open to all its sins and defects, that we may amend them.
And we are to remember, in fear and trembling, that to us much is given, and of us much is required. But we are to thank G.o.d that our lot is cast in an age which, on the whole, is better than any age whatsoever that has gone before it, and to do our best that the age which is coming may be better even than this.
We are neither to regret the past, nor rest satisfied in the present; but, like St. Paul, forgetting those things that are behind us, and reaching onward to those things that are before us, press forward, each and all, to the prize of our high calling in Jesus Christ.
And as with nations and empires, so with our own private lives. It is not wise to ask why the former times were better than these. It is natural, pardonable: but not wise; because we are so apt to mistake the subject about which we ask, and when we say, "Why were the old times better?" merely to mean, "Why were the old times happier?" That is not the question. There is something higher than happiness, says a wise man. There is blessedness; the blessedness of being good and doing good, of being right and doing right. That blessedness we may have at all times; we may be blest even in anxiety and in sadness; we may be blest, even as the martyrs of old were blest--in agony and death. The times are to us whatsoever our character makes them. And if we are better men than we were in former times, then is the present better than the past, even though it be less happy. And why should it not be better? Surely the Spirit of G.o.d, the spirit of progress and improvement, is working in us, the children of G.o.d, as well as in the great world around.
Surely the years ought to have made us better, more useful, more worthy. We may have been disappointed in our lofty ideas of what ought to be done. But we may have gained more clear and practical notions of what can be done. We may have lost in enthusiasm, and yet gained in earnestness. We may have lost in sensibility, yet gained in charity, activity, and power. We may be able to do far less, and yet what we do may be far better done.
And our very griefs and disappointments--Have they been useless to us? Surely not. We shall have gained, instead of lost, by them, if the Spirit of G.o.d be working in us. Our sorrows will have wrought in us patience, our patience experience of G.o.d"s sustaining grace, who promises that as our day our strength shall be; and of G.o.d"s tender providence, which tempers the wind to the shorn lamb, and lays on none a burden beyond what they are able to bear. And that experience will have worked in us hope: hope that He who has led us thus far will lead us farther still; that He who brought us through the trials of youth, will bring us through the trials of age; that He who taught us in former days precious lessons, not only by sore temptations, but most sacred joys, will teach us in the days to come fresh lessons by temptations which we shall be more able to endure; and by joys which, though unlike those of old times, are no less sacred, no less sent as lessons to our souls, by Him from whom all good gifts come.
We will believe this. And instead of inquiring why the former days were better than these, we will trust that the coming days shall be better than these, and those which are coming after them better still again, because G.o.d is our Father, Christ our Saviour, the Holy Ghost our Comforter and Guide. We will toil onward: because we know we are toiling upward. We will live in hope, not in regret; because hope is the only state of mind fit for a race for whom G.o.d has condescended to stoop, and suffer, and die, and rise again. We will believe that we, and all we love, whether in earth or heaven, are destined--if we be only true to G.o.d"s Spirit--to rise, improve, progress for ever: and so we will claim our share, and keep our place, in that vast ascending and improving scale of being, which, as some dream--and surely not in vain--goes onward and upward for ever throughout the universe of Him who wills that none should perish.
SERMON XIII. FAITH (Preached before the Queen at Windsor, December 5, 1865)
HABAKKUK ii. 4.
The just shall live by his faith.
We shall always find it most safe, as well as most reverent, to inquire first the literal and exact meaning of a text; to see under what circ.u.mstances it was written; what meaning it must have conveyed to those who heard it; and so to judge what it must have meant in the mind of him who spoke it. If we do so, we shall find that the simplest interpretation of Scripture is generally the deepest; and the most literal interpretation is also the most spiritual.
Let us examine the circ.u.mstances under which the prophet spake these words.
It was on the eve of a Chaldean invasion. The heathen were coming into Judea, as we see them still in the a.s.syrian sculptures-- civilizing, after their barbarous fashion, the nations round them-- conquering, ma.s.sacring, transporting whole populations, building cities and temples by their forced labour; and resistance or escape was impossible.
The prophet"s faith fails him a moment. What is this but a triumph of evil? Is there a Divine Providence? Is there a just Ruler of the world? And he breaks out into pathetic expostulation with G.o.d Himself: "Wherefore lookest Thou upon them that deal treacherously, and holdest Thy tongue when the wicked devoureth the man that is more righteous than he? And makest men as the fishes of the sea, as the creeping things, which have no ruler over them? They take up all of them with the line, they gather them with the net. Therefore they sacrifice unto their net, and burn incense to their line; for by it their portion is fat, and their meat plenteous. Shall they therefore empty their net, and not spare to slay continually the nations?"
Then the Lord answers his doubts: "Behold, his soul which is lifted up is not upright in him: but the just shall live by his faith."
By his faith, plainly, in a just Ruler of the world,--in a G.o.d who avenges wrong, and makes inquisition for innocent blood. He who will keep his faith in that just G.o.d, will remain just himself. The sense of Justice will be kept alive in him; and the just will live by his Faith.
The prophet believes that message; and a mighty change pa.s.ses over his spirit. In a burst of magnificent poetry, he proclaims woe to the unjust Chaldean conqueror. All his greatness is a bubble which will burst; a suicidal mistake, which will work out its own punishment, and make him a taunt and a mockery to all nations round.
"Woe to him who increaseth that which is not his, and ladeth himself with thick clay! Woe to him that coveteth an evil covetousness to his house, that he may set his nest on high, and be delivered from the power of evil! Woe to him that buildeth a town with blood, and stablisheth a city with iniquity! Behold, is it not of the Lord of hosts that the people shall labour in the very fire, and the people shall weary themselves for very vanity?" There is a true civilization for man; but not according to the unjust and cruel method of those Chaldeans. The Law of the true Civilization, the prophet says, is this: "The earth shall be full of the knowledge of the Lord, as the waters cover the sea."
But what is this to us? Are we like the Chaldeans? G.o.d forbid. But are we not tried by the same temptations to which they blindly yielded? A nation, strong, rich, luxurious, prosperous in industry at home, and aggressive (if not in theory, certainly in practice) to less civilized races abroad--are we not tempted daily to that habit of mind which the prophet calls--with that tremendous irony in which the Hebrew prophets surpa.s.s all writers--looking on men as the fishes of the sea, as the creeping things which have no ruler over them, born to devour each other, and be caught and devoured in their turn, by a race more cunning than themselves? There are those among us in thousands, thank G.o.d, who n.o.bly resist that temptation; and they are the very salt of the land, who keep it from decay. But for the many- -for the public--do not too many of them believe that the law of human society is, after all, only that internecine conflict of interests, that brute struggle for existence, which naturalists tell us (and truly) is the law of life for mere plants and animals? Are they not tempted to forget that men are not mere animals and things, but persons; that they have a Ruler over them, even G.o.d, who desires to educate them, to sanctify them, to develop their every faculty, that they may be His children, and not merely our tools; and do G.o.d"s work in the world, and not merely their employer"s work? Are they not--are we not all--tempted too often to forget this?
And, then, are we not tempted, all of us, to fall down like the Chaldeans and worship our own net, because by it our portion is fat, and our meat plenteous? Are we not tempted to say within ourselves, "This present system of things, with all its anomalies and its defects, still is the right system, and the only system. It is the path pointed out by Providence for man. It is of the Lord; for we are comfortable under it. We grow rich under it; we keep rank and power under it: it suits us, pays us. What better proof that it is the perfect system of things, which cannot be amended?"
Meanwhile, we are sorry (for the English are a kindhearted people) for the victims of our luxury and our neglect. Sorry for the thousands whom we let die every year by preventible diseases, because we are either too busy or too comfortable to save their lives. Sorry for the savages whom we exterminate, by no deliberate evil intent, but by the mere weight of our heavy footstep. Sorry for the thousands who are used-up yearly in certain trades, in ministering to our comfort, even to our very luxuries and frivolities. Sorry for the Sheffield grinders, who go to work as to certain death; who count how many years they have left, and say, "A short life and a merry one. Let us eat and drink, for to-morrow we die." Sorry for the people whose lower jaws decay away in lucifer-match factories. Sorry for all the miseries and wrongs which this Children"s Employment Commission has revealed. Sorry for the diseases of artificial flower-makers. Sorry for the boys working in gla.s.s-houses whole days and nights on end without rest, "labouring in the very fire, and wearying themselves with very vanity."--Vanity, indeed, if after an amount of gallant toil which nothing but the indomitable courage of an Englishman could endure, they grow up animals and heathens. We are sorry for them all--as the giant is for the worm on which he treads. Alas! poor worm. But the giant must walk on. He is necessary to the universe, and the worm is not. So we are sorry--for half an hour; and glad too (for we are a kind-hearted people) to hear that charitable persons or the government are going to do something towards alleviating these miseries. And then we return, too many of us, each to his own ambition, or to his own luxury, comforting ourselves with the thought, that we did not make the world, and we are not responsible for it.
How shall we conquer this temptation to laziness, selfishness, heartlessness? By faith in G.o.d, such as the prophet had. By faith in G.o.d as the eternal enemy of evil, the eternal helper of those who try to overcome evil with good; the eternal avenger of all the wrong which is done on earth. By faith in G.o.d, as not only our Father, our Saviour, our Redeemer, our Protector: but the Father, Saviour, Redeemer, Protector, and if need be, Avenger, of every human being.
By faith in G.o.d, which believes that His infinite heart yearns over every human soul, even the basest and the worst; that He wills that not one little one should perish, but that all should be saved, and come to the knowledge of the truth.
We must believe that, if we wish that it should be true of us, that the just shall live by his faith. If we wish our faith to keep us just men, leading just lives, we must believe that G.o.d is just, and that He shows His justice by the only possible method--by doing justice, sooner or later, for all who are unjustly used.
If we lose that faith, we shall be in danger--in more than danger--of becoming unjust ourselves. As we fancy G.o.d to be, so shall we become ourselves. If we believe that G.o.d cares little for mankind, we shall care less and less for them ourselves. If we believe that G.o.d neglects them, we shall neglect them likewise.
And then the sense of justice--justice for its own sake, justice as the likeness and will of G.o.d--will die out in us, and our souls will surely not live, but die.
For there will die out in our hearts, just the most n.o.ble and G.o.d- like feelings which G.o.d has put into them. The instinct of chivalry; horror of cruelty and injustice; pity for the weak and ill-used; the longing to set right whatever is wrong; and, what is even more important, the Spirit of G.o.dly fear, of wholesome terror of G.o.d"s wrath, which makes us say, when we hear of any great and general sin among us, "If we do not do our best to set this right, then G.o.d, who does not make men like creeping things, will take the matter into His own hands, and punish us easy, luxurious people, for allowing such things to be done."
And when a man loses that spirit of chivalry, he loses his own soul.
For that spirit of chivalry, let worldlings say what they will, is the very spirit of our spirit, the salt which keeps our characters from utter decay--the very instinct which raises us above the selfishness of the brute. Yea, it is the Spirit of G.o.d Himself. For what is the feeling of horror at wrong, of pity for the wronged, of burning desire to set wrong right, save the Spirit of the Father and the Son, the Spirit which brought down the Lord Jesus out of the highest heaven, to stoop, to serve, to suffer and to die, that He might seek and save that which was lost?
Some say that the age of chivalry is past: that the spirit of romance is dead. The age of chivalry is never past, as long as there is a wrong left unredressed on earth, and a man or woman left to say, "I will redress that wrong, or spend my life in the attempt."
The age of chivalry is never past, as long as men have faith enough in G.o.d to say, "G.o.d will help me to redress that wrong; or if not me, surely he will help those that come after me. For His eternal will is, to overcome evil with good."
The spirit of romance will never die, as long as there is a man left to see that the world might and can be better, happier, wiser, fairer in all things, than it is now. The spirit of romance will never die, as long as a man has faith in G.o.d to believe that the world will actually be better and fairer than it is now; as long as men have faith, however weak, to believe in the romance of all romances; in the wonder of all wonders; in that, of which all poets" dreams have been but childish hints, and dumb forefeelings--even
"That one far-off divine event Towards which the whole creation moves;"
that wonder of which prophets and apostles have told, each according to his light; that wonder which Habakkuk saw afar off, and foretold how that the earth should be filled with the knowledge of the Lord, as the waters cover the sea; that wonder which Isaiah saw afar off, and sang how the Lord should judge among the nations, and rebuke among many people; and they should beat their swords into plough- shares, and their spears into pruning-hooks; nation should not rise against nation, neither should they learn war any more; that wonder of which St Paul prophesied, and said that Christ should reign till He had put all His enemies under His feet; that wonder of which St.
John prophesied; and said, "I saw the Holy City, new Jerusalem, coming down from G.o.d out of heaven. And the nations of them that are saved shall walk in the light of it, and the kings of the earth bring their glory and their honour unto it;" that wonder, finally, which our Lord Himself bade us pray for, as for our daily bread, and say, "Father, thy kingdom come; thy will be done on earth, as it is in heaven.
"Thy will be done on earth." He who bade us ask that boon for generations yet unborn, was very G.o.d of very G.o.d. Do you think that He would have bidden us ask a blessing, which He knew would never come?
SERMON XIV. THE GREAT COMMANDMENT
MATT. xxii. 37, 32.
Thou shalt love the Lord thy G.o.d with all thy heart, and with all thy soul, and with all thy mind. This is the first and great commandment.
Some say, when they hear this,--It is a hard saying. Who can bear it? Who can expect us to do as much as that? If we are asked to be respectable and sober, to live and let live, not to harm our neighbours wilfully or spitefully, and to come to church tolerably regularly--we understand being asked to do that--it is fair. But to love the Lord our G.o.d with all our hearts. That must be meant only for very great saints; for a few exceedingly devout people here and there. And devout people have been too apt to say,--You are right.
It is we who are to love G.o.d with all our hearts and souls, and give up the world, and marriage, and all the joys of life, and turn priests, monks, and nuns, while you need only be tolerably respectable, and attend to your religious duties from time to time, while we will pray for you. But, my friends, if we read our Bibles, we cannot allow that. "Thou shalt love the Lord thy G.o.d," was spoken not to monks and nuns (for there were none in those days), not to great saints only (for we read of none just then), not even to priests and clergymen only. It was said to all the Jews, high and low, free and slave, soldier and labourer, alike--"Thou, a man living in the world, and doing work in the world, with wife and family, farm and cattle, horse to ride, and weapon to wear--thou shalt love the Lord thy G.o.d."
And therefore these words are said to you and me. We English are neither monks nor nuns, nor likely (thank G.o.d) to become so. We are in the world, with our own family ties and duties, our own worldly business. And to us, to you and me, as to those old Jews, the first and great commandment is, "Thou shalt love the Lord thy G.o.d."
What, then, does it mean? Does it mean that we are to have the same love toward G.o.d as we have toward a wife or a husband?
Certainly not. But it means at least this--the love which we should bear toward a Father. All, my friends, turns on this. Do you look on G.o.d as your Father, or do you not? G.o.d is your Father, remember, already. You cannot (as some people seem to think) make Him your Father by believing that He is one; and you need not, thanks to His mercy. Neither can you make Him not your Father by forgetting Him.
Be you wise or foolish, right or wrong, G.o.d is your Father in heaven; and you ought to feel towards Him as towards a father, not with any sentimental, fanciful, fanatical affection; but with a reverent, solemn, and rational affection; such as that which the good old Catechism bids us have, when it tells us our duty toward G.o.d.
"My duty towards G.o.d is to believe in Him, to fear Him, and to love Him with all my heart, with all my mind, with all my soul, and with all my strength; to worship Him, to give Him thanks, to put my whole trust in Him, to call upon Him, to honour His holy Name and His Word, and to serve Him truly all the days of my life."
Now, I ask you--and what I ask you I ask myself,--Do we love the Lord our G.o.d thus? And if not, why not?
I do not ask you to tell me. I am not going to tell you what is in my heart; and I do not ask you to tell me what is in yours. We are free Englishmen, who keep ourselves to ourselves, and think for ourselves, each man in the depths of his own heart; and who are the stronger and the wiser for not talking about our feelings to any man, priest or layman.