[6] Berenger von Landenberg, a man of n.o.ble family in Thurgau and governor of Unterwald, infamous for his cruelties to the Swiss, and particularly to the venerable Henry of the Halden. He was slain at the battle of Morgarten in 1315.
[7] A cell built in the ninth century by Meinrad, Count Hohenzollern, the founder of the Convent of Einsiedlen, subsequently alluded to in the text.
[8] The League, or Bond, of the Three Cantons was of very ancient origin. They met and renewed it from time to time, especially when their liberties were threatened with danger. A remarkable instance of this occurred in the end of the thirteenth century, when Albert of Austria became emperor, and when, possibly, for the first time, the bond was reduced to writing. As it is important to the understanding of many pa.s.sages of the play, a translation is subjoined of the oldest known doc.u.ment relating to it. The original, which is in Latin and German, is dated in August, 1291, and is under the seals of the whole of the men of Schwytz, the commonalty of the vale of Uri, and the whole of the men of the upper and lower vales of Stanz.
THE BOND.
Be it known to every one, that the men of the Dale of Uri, the Community of Schwytz, as also the men of the mountains of Unterwald, in consideration of the evil times, have full confidently bound themselves, and sworn to help each other with all their power and might, property and people, against all who shall do violence to them, or any of them. That is our Ancient Bond.
Whoever hath a Seignior, let him obey according to the conditions of his service.
We are agreed to receive into these dales no Judge who is not a countryman and indweller, or who hath bought his place.
Every controversy amongst the sworn confederates shall be determined by some of the sagest of their number, and if any one shall challenge their judgment, then shall he be constrained to obey it by the rest.
Whoever intentionally or deceitfully kills another shall be executed, and whoever shelters him shall be banished.
Whoever burns the property of another shall no longer be regarded as a countryman, and whoever shelters him shall make good the damage done.
Whoever injures another, or robs him, and hath property in our country, shall make satisfaction out of the same.
No one shall distrain a debtor without a judge, nor any one who is not his debtor, or the surety for such debtor.
Every one in these dales shall submit to the judge, or we, the sworn confederates, all will take satisfaction for all the injury occasioned by his contumacy. And if in any internal division the one party will not accept justice, all the rest shall help the other party. These decrees shall, G.o.d willing, endure eternally for our general advantage.
[9] The Austrian knights were in the habit of wearing a plume of peac.o.c.ks" feathers in their helmets. After the overthrow of the Austrian dominion in Switzerland it was made highly penal to wear the peac.o.c.k"s feather at any public a.s.sembly there.
[10] The bench reserved for the n.o.bility.
[11] The Landamman was an officer chosen by the Swiss Gemeinde, or Diet, to preside over them. The Banneret was an officer intrusted with the keeping of the state banner, and such others as were taken in battle.
[12] According to the custom by which, when the last male descendant of a n.o.ble family died, his sword, helmet, and shield were buried with him.
[13] This frequently occurred. But in the event of an imperial city being mortgaged for the purpose of raising money it lost its freedom, and was considered as put out of the realm.
[14] An allusion to the circ.u.mstance of the imperial crown not being hereditary, but conferred by election on one of the counts of the empire.
[15] These are the cots, or shealings, erected by the herdsmen for shelter while pasturing their herds on the mountains during the summer.
These are left deserted in winter, during which period Melchthal"s journey was taken.
[16] It was the custom at the meetings of the Landes Gemeinde, or Diet, to set swords upright in the ground as emblems of authority.
[17] The Heribann was a muster of warriors similar to the arriere ban in France.
[18] The Duke of Suabia, who soon afterwards a.s.sa.s.sinated his uncle, for withholding his patrimony from him.
[19] A sort of national militia.
[20, 21, 22, 23] Rocks on the sh.o.r.e of the Lake of Lucerne.
[24] A rock on the sh.o.r.e of the lake of Lucerne.
[25] An allusion to the gallant self-devotion of Arnold Struthan of Winkelried at the battle of Sempach (9th July, 1386), who broke the Austrian phalanx by rushing on their lances, grasping as many of them as he could reach, and concentrating them upon his breast. The confederates rushed forward through the gap thus opened by the sacrifice of their comrade, broke and cut down their enemy"s ranks, and soon became the masters of the field. "Dear and faithful confederates, I will open you a pa.s.sage. Protect my wife and children," were the words of Winkelried as he rushed to death.
[26] The Urphede was an oath of peculiar force. When a man who was at feud with another, invaded his lands and was worsted, he often made terms with his enemy by swearing the Urphede, by which he bound himself to depart and never to return with a hostile intention;
DON CARLOS.
By Frederich Schiller
DRAMATIS PERSONAE.
PHILIP THE SECOND, King of Spain.
DON CARLOS, Prince, Son of Philip.
ALEXANDER FARNESE, Prince of Parma.
MARQUIS DE POSA.
DUKE OF ALVA.
Grandees of Spain: COUNT LERMA, Colonel of the Body Guard, DUKE OF FERIA, Knight of the Golden Fleece, DUKE OF MEDINA SIDONIA, Admiral, DON RAIMOND DE TAXIS, Postmaster-General,
DOMINGO, Confessor to the King.
GRAND INQUISITOR of Spain.
PRIOR of a Carthusian Convent.
PAGE of the Queen.
DON LOUIS MERCADO, Physician to the Queen.
ELIZABETH DE VALOIS, Queen of Spain.
INFANTA CLARA FARNESE, a Child three years of age.
d.u.c.h.eSS D"OLIVAREZ, Princ.i.p.al Attendant on the Queen.
Ladies Attendant on the Queen: MARCHIONESS DE MONDECAR, PRINCESS EBOLI, COUNTESS FUENTES,
Several Ladies, n.o.bles, Pages, Officers of the Body-Guard, and mute Characters.
ACT I.
SCENE I.