[fx] _When uttered to the listener"s eye_----.--[MS. L.]
[fy] _The host, the plain, the fight_----.--[MS. L.]
[fz] _The shattered Mede who flies with broken bow_.--[MS. L.]
[196] ["The plain of Marathon is enclosed on three sides by the rocky arms of Parnes and Pentelicus, while the fourth is bounded by the sea."
After the first rush, when the victorious wings, where the files were deep, had drawn together and extricated the shallower and weaker centre, which had been repulsed by the Persians and the Sakae, "the pursuit became general, and the Persians were chased to their ships, ranged in line along the sh.o.r.e. Some of them became involved in the impa.s.sable marsh, and there perished." (See _Childe Harold_, edited by H. F. Tozer, 1885, p. 253; Grote"s _History of Greece_, iv. 276. See, too, _Travels in Albania_, i. 378-384.)]
[ga] _To tell what Asia troubled but to hear_.--[MS. L.]
[197] [See note to Canto II. stanzas i.-xv., pp. 99, 100.]
[gb] _Long to the remnants_--.----[D.]
[198] [The "Ionian blast" is the western wind that brings the voyager across the Ionian Sea.]
[199] {160} [The original MS. closes with this stanza.]
[gc] _Which heeds nor stern reproach_----.--[D.]
[gd] {161}_Would I had ne"er returned_----.--[D.]
[200]
"To Mr. Dallas.
The "he" refers to "Wanderer" and anything is better than _I I I I_ always _I_.
Yours, BYRON."
[4th Revise B.M.]
[ge] _But Time the Comforter shall come at last_.--[MS. erased.]
[201] [Compare Young"s _Night Thoughts_ ("The Complaint," Night i.).
_Vide ante_, p. 95.]
[gf]
_Though Time not yet hath ting"d my locks with snow,_[-]
_Yet hath he reft whate"er my soul enjoy"d_.--[D.]
[-] "To Mr. Dallas.
If Mr. D. wishes me to adopt the former line so be it. I prefer the other I confess, it has less egotism--the first sounds affected.
Yours,
B."
[Dallas a.s.sented, and directed the printer to let the Roll stand.]
NOTES TO CHILDE HAROLD"S PILGRIMAGE.
CANTO II.
1.
Despite of War and wasting fire.
Stanza i. line 4.
Part of the Acropolis was destroyed by the explosion of a magazine during the Venetian siege.
[In 1684, when the Venetian Armada threatened Athens, the Turks removed the Temple of Victory, and made use of the materials for the construction of a bastion. In the autumn of 1687, when the city was besieged by the Venetians under Francesco Morosini (1618-1694; Doge of Venice, 1688), "mortars were planted ... near the north-east corner of the rock, which threw their sh.e.l.ls at a high angle, with a low charge, into the Acropolis.... On the 25th of September, a Venetian bomb blew up a small powder-magazine in the Propylaea, and on the following evening another fell in the Parthenon, where the Turks had deposited ... a considerable quant.i.ty of powder.... A terrific explosion took place; the central columns of the peristyle, the walls of the cella, and the immense architraves and cornices they supported, were scattered around the remains of the temple. The Propylaea had been partly destroyed in 1656 by the explosion of a magazine which was struck by lightning."--Finlay"s _History of Greece_, 1887, i. 185.]
2.
But worse than steel, and flame, and ages slow, Is the dread sceptre and dominion dire.
Stanza i. lines 6, 7.
We can all feel, or imagine, the regret with which the ruins of cities, once the capitals of empires, are beheld: the reflections suggested by such objects are too trite to require recapitulation. But never did the littleness of man, and the vanity of his very best virtues, of patriotism to exalt, and of valour to defend his country appear more conspicuous than in the record of what Athens was, and the certainty of what she now is. This theatre of contention between mighty factions, of the struggles of orators, the exaltation and deposition of tyrants, the triumph and punishment of generals, is now become a scene of petty intrigue and perpetual disturbance, between the bickering agents of certain British n.o.bility and gentry. "The wild foxes, the owls and serpents in the ruins of Babylon,"[202] were surely less degrading than such inhabitants. The Turks have the plea of conquest for their tyranny, and the Greeks have only suffered the fortune of war, incidental to the bravest; but how are the mighty fallen, when two painters[203] contest the privilege of plundering the Parthenon, and triumph in turn, according to the tenor of each succeeding firman! Sylla could but punish, Philip subdue, and Xerxes burn Athens; but it remained for the paltry antiquarian, and his despicable agents, to render her contemptible as himself and his pursuits. The Parthenon, before its destruction, in part, by fire during the Venetian siege, had been a temple, a church, and a mosque.[204] In each point of view it is an object of regard: it changed its worshippers; but still it was a place of worship thrice sacred to devotion: its violation is a triple sacrifice. But--
"Man, proud man, Drest in a little brief authority, Plays such fantastic tricks before high Heaven As make the angels weep."
[Shakespeare, _Measure for Measure_, act ii. sc. 2, lines 117-122.]
3.
Far on the solitary sh.o.r.e he sleeps.
Stanza v. line 2.
It was not always the custom of the Greeks to burn their dead; the greater Ajax, in particular, was interred entire. Almost all the chiefs became G.o.ds after their decease; and he was indeed neglected, who had not annual games near his tomb, or festivals in honour of his memory by his countrymen, as Achilles, Brasidas, etc., and at last even Antinous, whose death was as heroic as his life was infamous.
4.
Here, son of Saturn! was thy favourite throne.
Stanza x. line 3.
The Temple of Jupiter Olympius, of which sixteen columns, entirely of marble, yet survive; originally there were one hundred and fifty. These columns, however, are by many supposed to have belonged to the Pantheon.
[The Olympieion, or Temple of Zeus Olympius, on the south-east of the Acropolis, some five hundred yards from the foot of the rock, was begun by Pisistratos, and completed seven hundred years later by Hadrian. It was one of the three or four largest temples of antiquity. The cella had been originally enclosed by a double row of twenty columns at the sides, and a triple row of eight columns at each front, making a hundred and four columns in all; but in 1810 only sixteen "lofty Corinthian columns"
were standing. Mr. Tozer points out that ""base" is accurate, because Corinthian columns have bases, which Doric columns have not," and notes that the word ""unshaken" implies that the column itself had fallen, but the base remains."--_Childe Harold_, 1888, p. 228.]
5.
And bear these altars o"er the long-reluctant brine.
Stanza xi. line 9.
The ship was wrecked in the Archipelago.