[628] _Storia delle Arti, etc._, lib. xi. cap. i.
[629] Sueton., in _Vit. August._, cap. x.x.xi., and in _Vit. C. J. Caesar_, cap. lx.x.xviii. Appian says it was burnt down. See a note of Pitiscus to Suetonius, p. 224.
[630] "Tu modo Pompeia lentus spatiare sub umbra" (Ovid, _Art. Am._, i.
67).
[631] Flavii Blondi _De Roma Instaurata_, Venice, 1511, lib. iii. p. 25.
[632] {510} _Antiq. Rom._, lib. i., ????ea p???ata pa?a?a? ???as?a?
[Cha/lkea poie/mata palai~as e)rgasi/as].
[633] Liv., _Hist._, lib. x. cap. xxiii.
[634] "Tum statua Nattae, tum simulacra Deorum, Romulusque et Remus c.u.m altrice belua vi fulminis icti conciderunt."--Cic., _De Divinat._, ii.
20. "Tactus est etiam ille qui hanc urbem condidit Romulus: quem inauratum in Capitolio parvum atque lactentem uberibus lupinis inhiantem fuisse meministis."--_In Catilin._, iii. 8.
"Hic silvestris erat Romani nominis altrix Martia, quae parvos Mavortis semine natos Uberibus gravidis vitali rore rigabat: Quae tum c.u.m pueris flammato fulminis ictu Concidit, atque avulsa pedum vestigia liquit."
_De Suo Consulatu_, lib. ii. lines 42-46.
[635] Dion., _Hist._, lib. x.x.xvii. p. 37, edit. Rob. Steph., 1548.
[636] Luc. Fauni _De Antiq. Urb. Rom._, lib. ii. cap. vii., _ap._ Sallengre, 1745, i. 217,
[637] Ap. Nardini _Roma Vetus_, lib. v. cap. iv., _ap._ J. G. Graev., _Thes. Antiq. Rom._, iv. 1146.
[638] Marliani _Urb. Rom. Topograph._, Venice, 1588, p. 23.
[639] {511} Just. Rycquii _De Capit. Roman. Comm._, cap. xxiv. p. 250, edit. Lugd. Bat. 1696.
[640] Nardini, _Roma Vetus_, lib. v. cap. iv.
[641] Montfaucon, _Diarium Italic._, Paris, 1702, i. 174.
[642] _Storia delle Arti, etc._, Milan, 1779, lib. iii. cap. iii. s. ii.
note * (i. 144). Winckelmann has made a strange blunder in the note, by saying the Ciceronian wolf was _not_ in the Capitol, and that Dion was wrong in saying so.
[643] Flam. Vacca, _Memorie_, num. iii. _ap_. _Roma Antica di Famiano_, Nardini, Roma, 1771, iv. _s.f._ p. iii.
[644] {512} Luc. Fauni _De Antiq. Urb. Rom._, lib. ii. cap. vi., _ap._ Sallengre, tom. i. p. 216.
[645] See note to stanza lx.x.x. in _Historical Ill.u.s.trations_.
[646] "Romuli nutrix Lupa honoribus est affecta divinis. Et ferrem, si animal ipsum fuisset, cujus figuram gerit." Lactant., _De Falsa Religione_, lib. i. cap. xx., Biponti, 1786, i. 66; that is to say, he would rather adore a wolf than a prost.i.tute. His commentator has observed that the opinion of Livy concerning Laurentia being figured in this wolf was not universal. Strabo thought so. Rycquius is wrong in saying that Lactantius mentions the wolf was in the Capitol.
[647] To A.D. 496. "Quis credere possit," says Baronius [_Ann. Eccles._, Lucae, 1741, viii. 602, in an. 496], "viguisse adhuc Romae ad Gelasii tempora, quae fuere ante exordium Urbis allata in Italiam Lupercalia?"
Gelasius wrote a letter, which occupies four folio pages, to Andromachus the senator, and others, to show that the rites should be given up.
[648] {513} _Eccles. Hist._ (Lipsiae, 1827, p. 130), lib. ii. cap. xiii.
p. 40. Justin Martyr had told the story before; but Baronius himself was obliged to detect this fable. See Nardini, _Roma Vet._, lib. vii. cap.
xii.
[649] _Accurata e succincta Descrizione, etc., di Roma moderna_, dell"
Ab. Ridolfino Venuti, Rome, 1766, ii. 397.
[650] Nardini, lib. v. cap. 3, ap. J. G. Graev., iv. 1143, convicts Pomponius Laetus _Cra.s.si erroris_, in putting the Ruminal fig-tree at the church of Saint Theodore; but, as Livy says the wolf was at the Ficus Ruminalis, and Dionysius at the temple of Romulus, he is obliged to own that the two were close together, as well as the Luperal cave, shaded, as it were, by the fig-tree.
[651] {514} Donatus, lib. xi. cap. xviii., gives a medal representing on one side the wolf in the same position as that in the Capitol; and on the reverse the wolf with the head not reverted. It is of the time of Antoninus Pius.
[652] _aen_., viii. 631-634. (See Dr. Middleton, in his letter from Rome, who inclines to the Ciceronian wolf, but without examining the subject.)
[653] {515} "Jure caesus existimetur," says Suetonius, i. 76, after a fair estimation of his character, and making use of a phrase which was a formula in Livy"s time. "Maelium jure caesum p.r.o.nuntiavit, etiam si regni crimine insons fuerit:" [lib. iv. cap. xv.] and which was continued in the legal judgments p.r.o.nounced in justifiable homicides, such as killing house-breakers.
[654] _Rom. Ant._, F. Nardini, 1771, iv. _Memorie_, note 3, p. xii. He does not give the inscription.
[655] "In villa Justiniana exstat ingens lapis quadras solidus, in quo sculpta haec duo Ovidii carmina sunt:--
""aegeria est quae praebet aquas dea grata Camoenis, Illa Numae conjunx consiliumque fuit."
Qui lapis videtur eodem Egeriae fonte, aut ejus vicinia, istuc comportatus."--_Diarium Italic._, Paris, 1702, p. 153.
[656] {516} _De Magnit. Vet. Rom_., ap. Graev., _Ant. Rom_., iv. 1507 [1.
Vossius, _De Ant. Urb. Rom. Mag_., cap. iv.]
[657] Eschinard, _Descrizione di Roma e dell" Agro Romano_, Roma, 1750.
They believe in the grotto and nymph. "Simulacro di questo Fonte, essendovi scolpite le acque a pie di esso" (p. 297).
[658] _Cla.s.sical Tour_, vol. ii. chap. vi. p. 217.
[659] Lib. 1. _Sat_. iii. lines 11-20.
[660] {517} Lib. iii. cap. iii.
[661] "Quamvis undique e solo aquae; scaturiant." Nardini, lib. iii. cap.
iii. _Thes. Ant. Rom_., ap. J. G. Graev., 1697, iv. 978.
[662] Eschinard, etc. _Sic cit_., pp. 297, 298.
[663] {517} _Antiq. Rom_., Oxf., 1704, lib. ii. cap. x.x.xi. vol. i. p.
97.
[664] Sueton., in _Vit. Augusti_, cap. xci. Casaubon, in the note, refers to Plutarch"s Lives of Camillus and aemilius Paulus, and also to his apophthegms, for the character of this deity. The hollowed hand was reckoned the last degree of degradation; and when the dead body of the praefect Rufinus was borne about in triumph by the people, the indignity was increased by putting his hand in that position.
[665] _Storia delle Arti, etc_., Rome, 1783, lib. xii. cap. iii. tom.
ii. p. 422. Visconti calls the statue, however, a Cybele. It is given in the _Museo Pio-Clement_., tom. i. par. xl. The Abate Fea (_Spiegazione dei Rami. Storia, etc_., iii. 513) calls it a Crisippo.
[666] {519} _Dict. de Bayle_, art. "Adrastea."
[667] It is enumerated by the regionary Victor.