Hans, on returning to the camp, gave an account of what he had seen.
All were interested in the relation, but particularly the boys Klaas and Jan, who were not over satisfied that they had not themselves been witnesses of the affair. Hans might very well have told them of it.
They wouldn"t have minded being waked up to see the ostriches, especially as they pa.s.sed so near. It wasn"t every day one could get such a view of these fine birds--they were so shy no one could get near them, and Hans might very well have come into camp and told them, or called them, Klaas and Jan, to the spot. Hans didn"t care whether they ever saw any thing worth seeing--he didn"t.
So grumbled Klaas and Jan, because Hans had not waked them out of their sweet _siesta_, to see three ostriches stalking over the plain, and not doing any thing in particular.
But boys are boys, and so long as they _are_ boys, they will feel a wonderful interest in birds--especially when these birds stand nearly ten feet high, and weigh three hundred pounds, as ostriches do.
Had it been a buffalo, or a giraffe, or even an elephant, neither Klaas nor Jan would have so much cared. Beasts are all very well in their way, and may interest full-grown hunters, like Hendrik and Groot Willem, but for "boy hunters," with light fowling-pieces and Number 5 shot, birds are the game--though their Number 5 shot would hardly have tickled an ostrich.
No matter for that. They wanted to see the great camel-bird. Hans ought to have apprised them. It was "right mean" of him not to do so,-- right mean, said Jan, and Klaas backed the opinion.
How long they might have grumbled, and given vent to their reproaches, can only be guessed at; but the conversation turning upon ostriches a.s.sumed a very pleasing character; and Klaas and Jan, becoming deeply interested in it, soon got over their little "miff" with Hans-- especially as it was he who was now interesting them. Upon the subject of ostriches. Hans had read a good deal, and was well acquainted with the character and habits of these most interesting birds.
Swartboy stood next in his knowledge of the ostrich, for Swartboy in early life had been a "dweller of the desert,"--the home of the Bushman as well as the great camel-bird. Swartboy was only too happy at the opportunity thus offered of showing off his knowledge, for the late wonderful performances of his Kaffir rival had quite thrown him into the shade.
So what with Hans"s book-knowledge and Swartboy"s practical experience, the young yagers became pretty well acquainted with the whole "history"
of the bird.
"The ostrich," said Hans, "is an African bird, though also found in the adjacent countries of Asia. Several species of birds somewhat like it, belonging to South America, Australia and the islands of the Indian Archipelago, have been called "ostriches" in the language of travellers.
I shall have a word about these presently.
"All over the African continent, as well as Arabia, Syria, and Persia, dwells the ostrich, wherever there are desert plains--for this bird is peculiarly a denizen of the desert, and never makes its home in wooded, marshy, or even fertile districts.
"It has been known from the earliest times, and must have been more numerous in the days of Heliogabalus than now, since that tyrant had the brains of six hundred ostriches served up at a single feast!"
"Oh, the glutton!" exclaimed Jan.
"What a gourmand!" echoed Klaas.
"I should think after the feast he had more brains in his stomach than in his head," quietly remarked Arend.
"No doubt of it," added Hendrik.
Hans continued:--
"The ancients knew the ostrich as the "camel-bird," (_Struthio camelus_). This name was given to it on account of its fancied resemblance to the camel; and in its hoof-like two-toed feet, its long naked thighs and neck, and the pad or cushion on its chest, corresponding to the callosity on the breast of the camel, it does bear a resemblance to this animal. Like it, too, the ostrich is formed for the desert. Aristotle and Pliny described the ostrich as half bird, half quadruped."
As soon as Hans had given the more scientific part of the natural history of the ostrich, Swartboy"s knowledge of the habits of the bird was produced, and from both were collected the details that follow.
Ostriches are gregarious--flocks of _fifty_ may be seen upon the plains, peacefully a.s.sociating with zebras, quaggas, wildebeests, blue wildebeests, and several other plain-frequenting antelopes.
The males are polygamous, and usually have from two to six wives. These lay twelve to sixteen eggs each, in a nest which is only a hole scooped out in the sand about six feet in diameter. Not more than half the eggs are deposited in the nest. The others lie scattered around, and are never hatched.
Swartboy alleged that these were intended to feed the young when they came out of the sh.e.l.l: but Hans dissented from this opinion. The naturalist believed that those scattered about were superfluous eggs, which were not deposited in the nest because one bird could not cover all that the whole family of hens would lay; and that once the "setting"
was complete, the superfluous eggs were dropped about anywhere.
There is a good deal of probability in this conjecture of the young naturalist.
It is certain that the scattered eggs are those last laid, and that the birds continue to drop them after the incubation has commenced, but whether they form the food of the young is a disputed point. One bird can cover from thirty to forty, placed as they usually are upon their ends, and Swartboy said that he had often found this number in a nest, but more frequently thirty was the "setting."
The male takes part in the incubation, sitting during the night; when his greater size and strength enable him the better to protect the eggs from cold. The "hens" relieve one another during the day, but when the sun is hot all leave the nest to itself, for hours at a time.
Hans stated, that in the more tropical regions the eggs are forsaken for long spells, and the hot sand and _sun_ do the work of the parent birds; and that on this account the period of incubation is not fixed, but ranges from thirty to forty days.
The young when hatched are well developed, and in a day or two become as large as guinea-hens, leaving the nest and running about in charge of the parent birds.
At this period the old ones are very careful of their offspring. When an enemy approaches, the hen that has charge of the flock will endeavour to attract the intruder upon herself, making a feint of being wounded, spreading and drooping her wings, and tumbling from side to side along the ground, while the c.o.c.k draws off the chicks in an opposite direction! Partridges, wild ducks, and many other birds, do the same.
The eggs of the ostrich are of a dull white colour. They are not all of equal size, nor are the birds either. A medium-sized ostrich-egg is six inches long, and weighs about three pounds. It is excellent eating when broiled among hot cinders, and is a meal for a man,--some say two, some three, while others allege that it is not enough for one. But "a meal for a man" is a very uncertain standard, and depends a good deal on the capacity of the man"s stomach and the state of his appet.i.te. A better standard is found in the estimate that one ostrich-egg is equal in quant.i.ty to twenty-four of the common domestic fowl.
The sh.e.l.ls of the ostrich-eggs are very strong, and used by the Bushmen and other natives of the desert as water-vessels--the only vessels that some of them have.
A full-grown c.o.c.k ostrich stands over nine feet in height, and weighs three hundred pounds. The legs of such a bird are immensely thick and muscular, and the thigh-joint equals in size the largest leg of mutton.
The ostrich is thought to be the swiftest runner in creation, but there are doubts about this. Certain it is that it cannot be overtaken by a horse in a fair tail-on-end chase; but the bird makes "doubles" in running, and by observing these, the mounted hunter sometimes gets near it by making a cut upon it, and delivers his fire as it pa.s.ses. To run an ostrich down, however, is considered an impossibility, even by the Arab on his fleet steed. Its bottom is equal to its speed, as it can keep up the pace for hours together.
The muscular strength of its great long legs is well adapted for running fast and far; and while on the run, its hoofs make a clatter like those of a trotting horse, while large stones are flung violently to the rear!
When at full speed it spreads its white wing-plumes, raising them over its back, but this is only done to balance it, as it could not fly a single yard.
Its princ.i.p.al weapon of defence is the leg with its hoof-like foot.
With this it can kick like a mule, and the blow will break a man"s leg, or send the breath out of his body, as would the kick of a horse!
But the princ.i.p.al security of the ostrich lies in its splendid power of vision, combined with its peculiar habitat. It is always on the naked plain, with nothing to interrupt the view, and its keen eye enables it to perceive an enemy long before the latter can get near enough to do it an injury. So sharp is its sight, it can see even farther than it can be seen, large as it is!
A most difficult matter it is to get within shooting distance of these wary birds. Sometimes a shot is obtained by lying in wait for them at vleys, or springs, where they come to drink. Many people deny that they ever drink, as they are met with at great distances from water; but it should be remembered that what may appear a great distance to a tired traveller may be nothing to a fleet ostrich, who can fling the miles behind like a race-horse.
Others have observed the ostrich come to drink at a particular place once every day; and it is well known that in captivity they swallow large quant.i.ties of water. After drinking they do not run so well, and hunters take advantage of this and run them down after leaving the pool.
There are hunters residing upon the desert karoos, who hunt the ostrich as a profession. The feathers are of considerable value, as well as the skin, which is tough and strong, and tans into a fine species of leather, out of which jackets and other garments are made. A skin without the feathers is worth about one pound sterling; and the long white plumes of the wings and tail,--of which there are five-and-forty (the finest are from the wings,)--are often sold for a shilling apiece on the spot.
Groot Willem observed that the ostrich may be easily domesticated, and he had frequently seen tame ones about the kraals of the frontier boors.
They are a useless pet, however; and, although quite harmless as far as man is concerned, they become troublesome in the farm-yard, where they trample the poultry to death, and sometimes gobble up chicks and young ducks, not from any carnivorous propensity, but on account of their extreme voracity: an old rag would be swallowed in the same way.
The proper food of the ostrich is tops of shrubby plants, with grain and seeds, though they "bolt" many odd and indigestible substances. They are fond of salt, like most wild animals, and are often seen in large flocks around the salt-pans, or "salines," many of which exist upon the desert plains of Africa.
The flesh of the young ostrich is very palatable, but that of an old bird is rather tough and rank. Their eggs, however, are esteemed a delicacy, though some think them heavy.
The voice of the ostrich under ordinary circ.u.mstances is a deep sonorous chuckle, though at times it gives out a roar resembling that of the lion. When wounded or brought to bay, it hisses like an enraged gander.
So much for the ostrich; and now Hans proceeded, as he had promised, to say a word or two about its relatives.
The "rhea" is its South American representative, but it has been lately discovered that there are two distinct species in South America, the "nandu," (_Rhea Americana_), and the "petise," or Darwin"s rhea, (_Rhea Darwinii_). They resemble each other in form, colour, and general habits, but differ in size and geographical range. The nandu is the larger, and dwells upon the wide plains of La Plata, whereas the petise is confined to the southern part of Patagonia.
The nandu resembles the African bird in form, and its dingy brown colour is not far from that of the hen ostrich. Its size, however, is much less, being only five feet in height. The plumes of its wings are less beautiful and valuable than those of its African cousin, though they are also a marketable article, being used for fly-brushes and other household implements.
The habits of the rhea show a great similarity to those of the _Struthio_, and it is quite a folly to make separate genera of them.
The rhea is gregarious, polygamous, scoops a slovenly nest in the ground, hatches from twenty to thirty eggs, scatters many others around, runs swiftly when pursued, hisses and kicks violently when a.s.sailed, and is shy and wary. All these are habits of the ostrich. The rhea, however, has some peculiarities. It feeds upon small fish cast up on the mud banks of rivers, and on roots and gra.s.s. It also takes freely to the water, and can cross rapid streams by swimming. The gauchos hunt it with both _lazo_ and _bolas_.