(_c_) We are prepared to cede a part of our territory.
Should your Excellencies be prepared to negotiate on this basis, then the above-mentioned points can be elaborated.
We have the honour to be, Your Excellencies" most obedient servants, LOUIS BOTHA.
C.R. DE WET.
J.H. DE LA REY.
J.B.M. HERTZOG.
J.C. s.m.u.tS.
When this letter had been read, a discussion followed.
Lord Milner: "Considering the wide difference between this proposal and that made by His Majesty"s Government, when we last met, I fear that I can hold out very little hope of any good results following negotiations on the basis you have suggested."
Lord Kitchener: "We can take those proposals into consideration, but I cannot see how it is possible to bring them into harmony with those of His Majesty"s Government."
Commandant-General Botha: "If this is the position you take, we should like to receive from you a final answer to our proposals."
Lord Milner: "Do you wish us to refer your proposals to His Majesty"s Government?"
Commandant-General Botha: "Yes, unless you have full powers to give us a final reply."
Lord Milner: "I am quite convinced that your proposal will be rejected; and I feel bound to say that to refer it, as it stands, to His Majesty"s Government will only do you harm."
Commandant-General Botha: "If you have no power to decide upon this proposal here, we should like you to refer it to His Majesty"s Government."
Lord Milner: "I have no objection to taking the responsibility of refusing your proposal on myself. The instructions received by myself and Lord Kitchener are quite clear on this point."
Commandant-General Botha: "I must then understand that when Lord Salisbury said that this war was not carried on with a view to annex territory, he did not mean it."
Lord Kitchener: "It is no longer a question of territory, for annexation is an accomplished fact."
Commandant-General Botha: "I am unable to see how our proposal is inconsistent with annexation."
Lord Milner: "I cannot now recall the exact words used by Lord Salisbury, but it is true that Lord Salisbury declared that his Government did not begin the war with the intention of obtaining territory. But in the course of the war circ.u.mstances developed in such a way that the decision to annex the Republics became a necessity, and the British Government have p.r.o.nounced their firm intention not to withdraw from this decision."
Judge Hertzog: "I should like to be informed as to what the great difference is between the basis now proposed by us and that laid down by His Majesty"s Government during the negotiations of last year--I do not mean the difference in details, but in principle."
Lord Kitchener: "Do you mean by your proposal that the Boers will become British citizens?"
General s.m.u.ts: "I cannot see that our proposal is necessarily in contradiction to that of last year. Our proposal only makes provision concerning the administration."
Lord Milner then quoted from the terms offered at Middelburg by the British Government the previous year:--
"At the earliest possible date military administration shall cease, and be replaced by civil administration in the form of a Crown Colony Government. At first there will be in each of the new Colonies a Governor, an Executive Council consisting of the highest officials, and a Legislative Council, which latter shall consist of a certain number of official members and also of a nominated non-official element. But it is the wish of His Majesty"s Government to introduce a representative element as soon as circ.u.mstances permit, and, in course of time, to grant to the new colonies the right of self-government.
"It may be that I do not properly understand your proposal, but it seems to me to differ not only in detail, but also in spirit from the scheme I have just read to you."
Judge Hertzog: "I entirely agree with you that there is a difference in idea between the two proposals; but only such a difference in idea as might well be found between Colonies of the same State. In other words, one const.i.tution is adapted for one colony, whilst another const.i.tution is found fitting for another colony, but yet they all belong to the same Empire."
Lord Milner: "Exactly. There are different const.i.tutions in different Colonies; but it seems to me that the _policy_ laid down in your proposal differs from that laid down by His Majesty"s Government."
Judge Hertzog: "I think that I am expressing the opinion of the whole Commission when I say that we wish for peace. I draw attention to this to show the way in which, according to my opinion, we should consider the matter. For if we on both sides are really desirous of coming to a settlement, we should not make too much of theoretical difficulties, so long as the practical aim has been obtained. For instance, the different Colonies which now are joined to form the United States once possessed const.i.tutions differing much from one another. Now the const.i.tution laid down in our proposal does not differ so much from that laid down in yours that a practical difference should arise therefrom; and such a practical difference would arise if you insisted upon carrying on negotiations on your own basis. I imagine that England has a certain object before her in South Africa, and I believe that that object can be as well obtained by our proposal as by that of Middelburg. I therefore ask, Is the difference so great that, in order for England to obtain her object, an entirely new status must be called into existence?"
Lord Milner: "We are comparing two different things. Here in the Middelburg scheme there are a number of definite proposals, which enter upon a great ma.s.s of particulars. I do not mean to imply that _we_ have not the power to go into particulars. I perfectly understand that it lies within the power of Lord Kitchener and myself to carry on further deliberations with you about details, so as to throw light on any doubtful points, and, perhaps, to make such changes as would not fundamentally affect the scheme. As you say that your proposals are not in contradiction with those formulated at Middelburg, then there is no reason why you should not lay aside your proposals and discuss the Middelburg proposals, which are definite."
Judge Hertzog: "I quite admit that you, Lord Milner, are ent.i.tled to say that there is a fundamental difference between our proposals. But it is another question whether the difficulty that thus arises is of such a nature that we--those of us who on both sides are anxious to conclude peace--should not be able to find a solution to it satisfactory to both parties. I cannot answer that question; nor can I see why the same result would not be reached by negotiating on the basis proposed by us as by carrying on negotiations on the Middelburg proposal."
Lord Milner: "I understand, then, that you acknowledge that there is a fundamental difference between the two bases. Well, I do not think that we are empowered to negotiate on a basis differing from that laid down in the last report of His Majesty"s Government, and also differing from the tenor of the Middelburg proposal. I may say that I believe that His Majesty"s Government in their latest message went as far as it was possible for them to go with the object of meeting you. The whole spirit of the telegram was to that effect."
Commander-in-Chief de Wet: "I hope you will understand that I do not speak as a lawyer. (Lord Kitchener, laughing: "That"s the case with me too!") I fully concur with what General Botha and Judge Hertzog have said in regard to our eagerness to establish peace. In order to be brief, I will only remark that I did not understand His Excellency, Lord Milner, to mean--any more than I myself meant--that we should go to the nation with the Middelburg proposal, with the idea of coming back with it unaltered."
Lord Milner: "No; if I gave that impression, I did not intend to do so.
But I believe that when you went to your people with the last message from His Majesty"s Government it was with the knowledge--which the message itself made clear--that His Majesty"s Government was not prepared to take into consideration any terms which differed widely from the policy laid down in the Middelburg proposal."
Commander-in-Chief de Wet: "That was indeed what I understood; and accordingly we have now come with a proposal which does not differ very much from the Middelburg proposal."
General s.m.u.ts: "I thought that the vital principle your Government had in view was the destruction of our independence, and in our proposal the independence of the two Republics with regard to foreign relations is given up. I was therefore of opinion that the two parties might come to an arrangement on this basis. I did not think that for the restoration of peace the Middelburg terms were essential."
Lord Milner: "Not in the details, but in the general ideas. As the British Government has laid down a basis, and you have had weeks in which to consider the matter, it would never do for you now to put it on one side. Lord Kitchener has given your nation considerable time in which to take counsel; and now you come back, and, ignoring the Middelburg terms, you propose entirely different ones of your own, and say, let us negotiate on these. I do not believe that I and Lord Kitchener would be justified in doing this. But in case he is of another opinion, the British Government can be asked if they are prepared to set on one side all the former deliberations and begin again on a new basis."
Commander-in-Chief de Wet: "We cannot, of course, prevent Lord Kitchener from asking his Government any questions he pleases, but, at the same time, we request that you will cable our behests to the English Government."
Commandant-General Botha: "I cannot see that we are beginning again on a new basis, for, in consequence of the negotiations in April last, you were ordered by the British Government to encourage us to make fresh proposals. Our present proposal is the direct result of that order."
Lord Milner: "I did my best to get fresh proposals from you, but you would not make any. You forced the British Government into making proposals."
Commandant-General Botha: "I am of opinion that we must both work together in this matter of formulating proposals."
Lord Kitchener: "You were asked to make proposals, but you did not do so; and now, after the British Government has made a proposal, you yourselves come forward with one of your own."
General De la Rey: "I think that it was the encouragement given us by correspondence between the Netherlands and the British Government that caused us to make our proposals."
Lord Milner: "That correspondence was at the beginning of the negotiations."
Commander-in-Chief de Wet: "If we had been obliged to make a new proposal in April, we would not have been able to make one so fair, and so much to the advantage of the British Government, as our present one, for, not having consulted the nation, we would have been compelled to insist on entire independence."
Lord Milner: "I must remind you of what has taken place; not with the object of putting you in the wrong, but in order to make the position clear, for there are some points about it which are not very clear. You came and made a proposal. The British Government gave you a distinct answer--they refused to accept it. Their answer was perfectly outspoken, and perfectly intelligible. At the same time they said, "We are anxious for peace; will you make other proposals?" You then said, "No! we have no power to do so; we must first consult the nation." We admitted that argument. Then you said, "Let the British Government make proposals."
The British Government did so, and they are fully ent.i.tled to an answer.
In what position do you think you are placing Lord Kitchener and myself?
You come back with a totally fresh proposal, and do not say anything about ours. This is not fair treatment to the British Government, and we are not bound to take your proposal into consideration."
Judge Hertzog: "I have endeavoured to show that our reply really cannot be taken as ignoring the proposal of the British Government. The great question in the correspondence in April between us and the British Government was the question of independence; and now, after having consulted the nation, we come here and say that we are prepared to sacrifice in some degree our independence, and we indicate how far we will give it up. And, as General s.m.u.ts has said, that is the basis which we have laid down in our present proposal."
Lord Milner: "You say that you give up your independence as regards foreign relations."
Judge Hertzog: "Yes. But then you must understand that this is only a general principle, which we treat in detail later on."
General s.m.u.ts: "The independence is given up both in regard to our foreign relations and in regard to interior administration, which will be placed under the supervision of the British Government. So that the effect of these two articles is, that the independence is sacrificed, and that the two Republics will not in the future be able to be regarded as Sovereign States."