"More than the ages of three old men"s lives," observed the Sheikh.
An old slave, as ancient-looking as his master, now brought a basket of dates, they were every one of them larger than our largest walnuts. I am vexed I have forgotten the name of this splendid variety of the date.
"Eat," said Sheikh Ali, and reclined back in silence for at least half an hour. Now and then he opened his eyes to look on the autumnal beams of the rising sun, then breathed a sigh and a prayer, but did not address me a word. His ancient slave sat at a distance with his eyes fixed on his beloved master, watching the movement of his lips, as he breathed his morning prayer. At length, seeing the old man"s lips cease to move, I said gently:--
"Sheikh Ali, they say you have broken down very much, but I am glad to see you confide your sorrows in the bosom of G.o.d."
_Sheikh Ali._--(Awakening up suddenly, and looking at me anxiously) "Ah, Christian, have they told you so? The detractors, the wretches!"
"I trust I have not offended you."
_Sheikh Ali._--"No, stranger, no. But I hate them. I hate the world. I curse the world."
"The unfortunate and disappointed are always bitter upon the world. But you, Sheikh Ali, I know are above spite and malignity: you would not stoop even to hate the miserable follies of the world."
_Sheikh Ali._--"Christian, thou talkest well, and in my way. I tell thee I hate no one, I have lived and I shall soon be done with the world. May those who come after me fare better."
"What is this hatred of the Ben Weleed and the Ben Wezeet?"
_Sheikh Ali._--(Smiling faintly.) "Christian, thou wilt know everything.
My father told me when I came out of the belly of my mother, that I was a _Ben Wezeelee_, and I have remained so to this day. But why or wherefore, I know not? Dost thou not see that people do this and that, and know not why they do it? Well, Christian, we do not hate the Ben Wezeet; but we will not a.s.sociate with them, because we are proud, and because our fathers did not a.s.sociate with them. It is pride, not hatred, which divides this our nation into two."
"Why so proud? It says in the Koran the Devil would not admire Adam for pride[50], and G.o.d cursed him for his pride."
_Sheikh Ali._--"Ah, Christian, how knowest thou the Koran? Canst thou read the Great and Mighty Koran?"
"In England we read the Koran in order to obtain a correct knowledge of cla.s.sic Arabic. Others read it to understand the religion of Moslems."
_Sheikh Ali._--"Right, right. The Christians are a wise people. Oh, these religions!"
I thought I heard a regret of scepticism, or a kindly view of heretics and infidels, in the latter exclamation, "_Oh, these religions!_" So I observed to the Sheikh, "A pity it is we are not all of one religion, as we are all the children of one Creator."
_Sheikh Ali._--"By G----! Christian, thou art right. I have always prayed G.o.d to lead me in the right way, and to have mercy upon others. But do you know, Christian, I think there were amongst those prophets of ancient times many impostors. What do you think?"
"I am sure of it. It is also the opinion of all our wise men in England."
_Sheikh Ali._--"Christian, I hate Marabouts. In the long years of my life I have seen all their tricks, lies, and impositions. I am sorry for the poor people, on whom they practise their impostures, and also for the women. I have one daughter; I never permitted her to consult a marabout.
I told her what the wretches were. Have you marabouts in England?"
"Yes, of all descriptions. We have also many who get the women to confess the secrets of families, and create an odious war in the bosom of society."
_Sheikh Ali._--"Ah, ah (chuckling), all the world"s alike. G.o.d curse those marabouts. Do you give them money?"
"Money! In our country, nothing is done without money."
_Sheikh Ali._--(Becoming fresh excited.) "What! are the English like us?
is a man esteemed for his money?"
"You have heard of London?"
_Sheikh Ali._--"_Londra?_"
"Yes, that"s it. Well, in Londra, nor virtue, nor honour, nor wisdom, is worth anything without money."
_Sheikh Ali._--"The Devil take the world, it"s all alike. So here, so there. When I was rich, everybody bowed down to me; now that I am poor, they pa.s.s me by without saying _bis-slamah_ (saluting). Why did G.o.d make money? How wretched is the world." So this philosopher of The Desert continued. Returning, I bade the ancient Sheikh an affectionate adieu.
In the streets, people appeared to be fasting, as in the most rigid Ramadan. I never saw such gloomy, emaciated faces. Really people look as if they were all going to give up the ghost. What is to become of these poor devils of dervishes! Government is grinding them down to the dust!
Returned home heart-sick at the sight. I am growing daily more impatient of remaining so long in Ghadames. Impatience comes on like attacks of fever. Have determined again to pursue the Kanou route.
The forty slaves brought by the Touaricks and the Tibboo have been all sold to the Souafah. The Tibboo sold his for twenty dollars per head. The ten dollars per head tax on them put the Rais in possession of a little ready money, and his Excellency paid me back the hundred Tunisian piastres. The Arabs of Souf always bring money here, and, besides dollars, a quant.i.ty of five-franc pieces, since the French have occupied Algeria. The millions spent or wasted by the French in Algeria are variously disposed of:--
1st.--The Arabs get a _fifth_, who bury their money, or send it into the neighbouring deserts of Tunis and Morocco.
2nd. The Maltese ship off a _ninth_ of the money to Malta. The Spaniards and other foreigners also get a share.
3rd. A great quant.i.ty, a fifth, perhaps, is embezzled by the _employes_ of the civil administration, and their creatures, the contractors.
4th. A tenth is spent on the public works.
5th. The rest is paid to the military. A _fraction_ only is spent on the culture of the soil, and for the purposes of emigration, or the real colonization of the country.
_15th._--This morning is really cold, and the coldest morning we have had yet. Rais a.s.sures me I shall with difficulty be able to bear the cold, so intense is it in Ghadames during the winter, or January and February.
Greatly agitated about my journey in the past night, and could not sleep.
There will soon be an end of this uncertainty. I pray G.o.d to give me patience and wisdom. Observe people are beginning to feel the effects of the cold, and cover up their mouths like the Italians and Spaniards. But all are living up to the starvation-point.
At noon was held a full Divan, to decide upon the "extraordinary demand."
The chiefs of the people said:--"We have no money, and cannot pay." The Rais replied:--"Such discourse will not do; you have money, and must pay." Then the Divan broke up without farther palavering. The alleged object of the money to be raised, is for the expenses of the troops who went in pursuit of the Arabs of the son of Abd-el-Geleel in the past summer.
The old bandit calls and says:--"Your friend, the _long_ man, has finished to-day all his tobacco." The long man is the Giant Touarick. I took no notice of this polite hint to furnish a new supply. I might furnish with tobacco all the Touaricks who came here, if I were to attend to these Irish hints. The old bandit, who is cramped up like a wizened apple, is said by people still to carry on his nefarious trade.
The proof of this they give to be, his always _going alone_ when he travels. The old villain then catches what he can. Myself, I hardly believe he continues his brigandage. He appears wholly worn out. I gave his little son 20 paras to buy camel"s flesh. The old freebooter grinned a ghastly smile. Walking in _Ben Weleed_ quarters, I heard a great to-do, and went to see what it was, when I saw the old chief, Haj Ben Mousa Ettanee, standing over his young truant son, whilst with a thick stick the servant of the schoolmaster was belabouring the feet of the child.
Never was a more complete bastinadoing. The urchin cried to his father for mercy. It was perfectly in character with the old man, and the austere manners of his family. I do not wonder that all the people read and write in Ghadames, when such severity is practised by the very aristocrats of the city. Whilst standing by, another Moor went up to the old man, and said, "Stop, stop, here"s the Christian looking on." They stopped, but it appeared a mere pretence for leaving off, for already they had unmercifully belaboured the truant.
No mutton to be had to-day, and was obliged to buy camel"s flesh for dinner: found it pretty good. My turjeman and taleb both joined me.
After dinner, the taleb began in his usual controversial spirit. He insisted, that "Any person who should make himself well acquainted with the Koran must become a Mussulman." "If the French teach their children to read the Koran, in order to learn the Arabic," said he, "they must conquer the Russians and the English." Not "e? t??t?
???a[51]," but in or with _This Book_, say the Mussulmans, the world must be conquered. The Russians and the French, having recently made conquests in Mohammedan countries near them, (for the wars in Circa.s.sia are heard of here,) impress these people with fear, and fear is their ruling principle of government. Asking my taleb why the Mussulmans who had possession of _This Book_ did not conquer the world, he answered sharply, "The Mussulmans conquered the world once with the Koran, but now they have lost their faith, and are weak, and such is the will of G.o.d." The taleb then related a curious story about Ceuta. A certain marabout, who had seen the _Elouh Elmahfouth_ (????? ????????,) or "Book of Fate," which was let down to him to look at and read in, from heaven, went into the city, and offered Ceuta for sale at the low price of "_a loaf of bread_." The people said:--"Oh, the man is mad, let him go." But he continued the more to cry out, "Who will give me a loaf of bread for Ceuta?" At last he met a Christian, a Spaniard, who gave the Marabout a loaf of bread, and took possession of the city. This seems really an excuse for the loss of that strong fortress. But it is added:--"The Marabout having seen and read the future destiny of Ceuta in the _Book of Fate_, was determined to hasten the crisis, and placed it at once in the hands of the Christians." My taleb a.s.sures me that Mahomet was foretold and promised in our gospels, under the name of _Parakleit_, (_i. e._ ? ?a?????t??,), "The Comforter." He cited also the Koran, but would not write the pa.s.sage; I had no Koran with me. But this is an advantage, for if I had had a Koran in my possession, I should only have excited the prejudices of the people against me, and should not have been able to have kept it from them. A traveller might take a translation advantageously, one without Arabic notes, or _Arabic_ words explained, which would soon excite their curiosity to know what it was. Speaking of the "_Ben Welleed_" and "_Wezeet_," my turjeman said:--"These are the French and the English; we are always at war with one another."
It is the opinion of people here, that the French and English are always at war, and they are continually on the _qui-vive_ for a war breaking out between France and England, for they think then the English will drive out the French from Algeria, unmindful of what miseries such a war would entail upon themselves, crushed as they would be between the two great hostile Powers.
The Algerine dervish is playing off some fine tricks. This afternoon he got together a dozen low fellows of the Ben Weleed, and went to say the _fatah_ before the Governor. This saying _fatah_ was chiefly forming a circle with his troop, himself in the middle, and then at the top of his voice singing out, whilst his troop cried out, "_hhahh_," jumping up, and bending forward their heads and bodies towards him. This they continued for an hour or more, until they sank upon the floor with exhaustion.
Afterwards they played off some other genteel tricks. His Excellency the Rais is as great a dervish as any mad fellow here, and though suffering greatly from headache and bad eyes, he endured this tomfoolery for nearly a couple of hours. My taleb, a shrewd man, said to me, "Don"t you see, I told you this Algerian was an impostor?" I believe really he is a French spy on the movements of the Turks, and perhaps myself. The Tibboo calls.
He is preparing to depart, and presses me to go with him. Speaking to a Touarick, he said, "See the money of the Christians (taking hold of my black b.u.t.tons)." Many people have half a mind to believe my black b.u.t.tons are money. The Tibboo says, there are no watches in Soudan. People are content to measure time by the sun"s rising and setting. Some merchants, lately come from Tunis, have heard of the projected aerial machine. They have no difficulty in believing that Christians travel in the air. They think the Devil, being very clever, teaches Christians all these things.
The _Touatee_ calls, and says, "You must write something." "What?" I answer. "Oh," he replies, "My wife has a head full of fantazia (or nonsense); this you must write." It appears the Touatee has got a scolding wife. Told the Rais about this funny incident, who said, "Tell the _Touatee_ to go home and pretend he"s going to take another wife, and then she"ll soon leave off pouting."
_16th_ and _17th._--Continues cold. People say I improve in Arabic. I ought, for I have enough of it. What is odd, I begin to joke with the people. It will be seen I have represented the Saharan people as mostly gloomy, and suffering from the oppression of their Government. Still there are times when they can force a smile, or crack a joke. They carry the joke so far that they have sometimes joked me about my fasting in Ramadan, a very sacred subject for a Mussulman. Every time I go into the streets, I meet with one or other with whom I try to get up a joke, for it grieves me to see the people suffer so much from bad government. After we come to satire, and with the help of the word _batel_, "good-for-nothing," we manage to hit off somebody. An Arab Sheikh came to us, one day, when we were joking. I said, "Oh! here"s the lion-heart, who ran away from Emjessem for fear of the _Shanbah-Batel_." The Arab, astounded, "Ya rajel (Oh man), I had nothing to eat!" "Nor have we here,"
replied a merchant, "you better go and hunt with the greyhounds of the Touaricks. The Rais has taken away all our victuals." The poor Arab went his way very queer and crestfallen.
Speaking to a Moor of The Sahara, I said, "The Sahara is always healthy: look at these Touaricks, they are the children of The Desert." He replied, "The Sahara is the sea _on land_, and, like sea, is always more healthy than cultivated spots of the earth. These Touaricks are chiefly strong and powerful from drinking camels" milk[52]. They drink it for months together, often for four or five months, not eating or drinking anything else. After they have drank it some time, they have no evacuations for four or five days, and these are as white as my bornouse.
It is the camels" milk which makes the Touaricks like lions. A boy shoots up to manhood in few years; and there"s nothing in the world so nourishing as camel"s milk." Caillie mentions that the chief of the Braknas lived for several months on nothing but milk; but it was cow"s milk. Many of the Saharan tribes are supported for six months out of twelve on milk.