PIECE FRACTIONS--Fractions made up of two or more types; the numerator and denominator cast separately, usually on bodies half the size of the whole numbers or the type with which they are used. Sometimes called split fractions.
PIN-MARK--The little mark sometimes seen on the side of foundry-made type. (8)
POINT SYSTEM--The standard system of type bodies, based on the point as a unit; in America the point is .0138 of an inch. Calculations are simplified ordinarily by a.s.suming the point as 1/72 of an inch. (13)
POSTER TYPE--Large sizes for billboard printing, mostly made of wood.
(27)
PUNCH--In typefounding, an original die of a letter or character cut on the end of a steel bar, used to make a matrix. (21)
QUADS--Metal blanks used for large s.p.a.ces in composing type. (19)
QUOTATIONS--Large hollow quads; similar to metal furniture.
RUBBER TYPE--Cast with a vulcanized-rubber face mounted on short metal bodies; not used in ordinary typographic printing, but cla.s.sed with rubber hand stamps.
SCRIPT--A general name for that cla.s.s of type designed to imitate handwriting. (18)
SECTIONAL TYPE--A style of type now in disuse, in which each letter was made in two parts, the upper half being separate from the lower. Any letter or character cast in two or more parts.
SERIF--The short cross-line or tick at the end of the main strokes in roman letters. (8)
SET--The width of a type. (13)
SHOULDER--The blank s.p.a.ce on the top of a type not covered by the letter; specifically, the s.p.a.ce above and below the letter, the s.p.a.ce on the side being designated by typefounders as side-bearings. (8)
SMALL CAPS--A secondary set of capitals made for fonts intended for book work. They are slightly larger than the small (lower-case) letters, but smaller than the regular capitals. See the side-headings in this glossary. (9, 10, 12)
SMALL PICA--An old size of type nearly equal to 11-point. (15)
s.p.a.cES--Thin metal blanks used to separate words in a line. (19)
SORT--Any particular letter or character of a font, in distinction from the complete a.s.sortment. "Out of sorts," when some needed letters of a font are missing.
SORT ORDER--A request for some particular character of a font.
TWO-LINE LETTER--A large letter covering two lines of the adjoining text, used for initials at the beginning of paragraphs. Two-line figures, used for displaying price-figures in advertis.e.m.e.nts, etc.
TYPE-HIGH--Of the standard height of type; said of an electrotype or engraving that is the right height to accompany type. (7)
TYPE METAL--A composition of lead, tin, and antimony. (26)
TYPOGRAPHY--The process of printing with forms composed of movable types and small relief blocks.
WEIGHT FONT--A complete a.s.sortment of type measured by its weight instead of by the number of each letter. (12)
WEIGHT OF TYPE--Four square inches of type, composed solid, weigh approximately one pound. Thus, to find the weight of any given amount of type composition, find the number of square inches and divide by four.
One pound of type (about 4 square inches) contains the following number of ems (solid) of the different sizes:
18-point 64 ems 12-point 144 ems 11-point 170 ems 10-point 207 ems 9-point 256 ems 8-point 324 ems 7-point 423 ems 6-point 576 ems
TYPOGRAPHIC TECHNICAL SERIES FOR APPRENTICES
The following list of publications, comprising the TYPOGRAPHIC TECHNICAL SERIES FOR APPRENTICES, has been prepared under the supervision of the Committee on Education of the United Typothetae of America for use in trade cla.s.ses, in course of printing instruction, and by individuals.
Each publication has been compiled by a competent author or group of authors, and carefully edited, the purpose being to provide the printers of the United States--employers, journeymen, and apprentices--with a comprehensive series of handy and inexpensive compendiums of reliable, up-to-date information upon the various branches and specialties of the printing craft, all arranged in orderly fashion for progressive study.
The publications of the series are of uniform size, 5 8 inches. Their general make-up, in typography, ill.u.s.trations, etc., has been, as far as practicable, kept in harmony throughout. A brief synopsis of the particular contents and other chief features of each volume will be found under each t.i.tle in the following list.
Each topic is treated in a concise manner, the aim being to embody in each publication as completely as possible all the rudimentary information and essential facts necessary to an understanding of the subject. Care has been taken to make all statements accurate and clear, with the purpose of bringing essential information within the understanding of beginners in the different fields of study. Wherever practicable, simple and well-defined drawings and ill.u.s.trations have been used to a.s.sist in giving additional clearness to the text.
In order that the pamphlets may be of the greatest possible help for use in trade-school cla.s.ses and for self-instruction, each t.i.tle is accompanied by a list of Review Questions covering essential items of the subject matter. A short Glossary of technical terms belonging to the subject or department treated is also added to many of the books.
These are the Official Text-books of the United Typothetae of America.
Address all orders and inquiries to COMMITTEE ON EDUCATION, UNITED TYPOTHETAE OF AMERICA, CHICAGO, ILLINOIS, U. S. A.
PART I--_Types, Tools, Machines, and Materials_
1. =Type: a Primer of Information= By A. A. Stewart
Relating to the mechanical features of printing types; their sizes, font schemes, etc., with a brief description of their manufacture.
44 pp.; ill.u.s.trated; 74 review questions; glossary.
2. =Compositors" Tools and Materials= By A. A. Stewart
A primer of information about composing sticks, galleys, leads, bra.s.s rules, cutting and mitering machines, etc. 47 pp.; ill.u.s.trated; 50 review questions; glossary.
3. =Type Cases, Composing Room Furniture= By A. A. Stewart
A primer of information about type cases, work stands, cabinets, case racks, galley racks, standing galleys, etc. 43 pp.; ill.u.s.trated; 33 review questions; glossary.
4. =Imposing Tables and Lock-up Appliances= By A. A. Stewart
Describing the tools and materials used in locking up forms for the press, including some modern utilities for special purposes. 59 pp.; ill.u.s.trated; 70 review questions; glossary.
5. =Proof Presses= By A. A. Stewart
A primer of information about the customary methods and machines for taking printers" proofs. 40 pp.; ill.u.s.trated; 41 review questions; glossary.
6. =Platen Printing Presses= By Daniel Baker
A primer of information regarding the history and mechanical construction of platen printing presses, from the original hand press to the modern job press, to which is added a chapter on automatic presses of small size. 51 pp.; ill.u.s.trated; 49 review questions; glossary.