Washington - A Life

PRELUDE: THE PORTRAIT ARTIST.

1. Barratt and Miles, Gilbert Stuart, Gilbert Stuart, 78-79. 78-79.2 . Longmore, Invention of George Washington, Invention of George Washington, 181. 181.3 . Chernow, Alexander Hamilton, Alexander Hamilton, 89. 89.4 . Burns and Dunn, George Washington, George Washington, 58. 58.5 . Barratt and Miles, Gilbert Stuart, 137. 137.6 . Jefferson, Writings, Writings, 1319. 1319.7 . Schutz and Adair, Spur of Fame, 98. 98.8 . Custis, Recollections and Private Memoirs of Washington, Recollections and Private Memoirs of Washington, 418. 418.9 . Higginbotham, George Washington Reconsidered, George Washington Reconsidered, 282. 282.

CHAPTER ONE: A SHORT-LIVED FAMILY.

1. PWP, PWP, 10:333. 10:333.2. Higginbotham, George Washington Reconsidered, George Washington Reconsidered, 20. 20.3. Anderson, George Washington Remembers, George Washington Remembers, 31. 31.4. Wiencek, Imperfect G.o.d, Imperfect G.o.d, 31. 31.5. Ibid., 34.6. Wills,Cincinnatus, 68. 68.7. Freeman, George Washington, George Washington, 1:58. 1:58.8. Ibid., 1:69.9. PWCF, PWCF,2:175. Letter to the Marquis de Lafayette, December 8, 1784.10. Freeman, George Washington, George Washington, 1:193. 1:193.11. Conkling, Memoirs of Mother and Wife of Washington, Memoirs of Mother and Wife of Washington, 22. 22.12. Hervey, Memory of Washington, Memory of Washington, 45. 45.13. Felder, Fielding Lewis and Washington Family, Fielding Lewis and Washington Family, 34. 34.14. Ramsay, Life of George Washington, Life of George Washington, 3. 3.15. PWP, PWP, 7:32. Letter to George Steptoe Washington, December 5, 1790. 7:32. Letter to George Steptoe Washington, December 5, 1790.16. Brookhiser, Founding Father, Founding Father, 137. 137.17. Abbot, "Uncommon Awareness."18. WWF, WWF,35:341. Letter to George Washington Parke Custis, December 19, 1796.19. Henriques, Realistic Visionary, Realistic Visionary, 188. 188.20. WWR, WWR, 3. "Rules of Civility," 1747. 3. "Rules of Civility," 1747.21. Ibid., 10.22. Ibid., 5.23. Ibid., 6.24. Sayen, "George Washington"s "Unmannerly" Behavior."25. WWF, WWF,35:295. Letter to George Washington Parke Custis, November 28, 1796.26. PWRT, PWRT, 1:169. Letter to George Washington Parke Custis, June 4, 1797. 1:169. Letter to George Washington Parke Custis, June 4, 1797.

CHAPTER TWO: FORTUNE"S FAVORITE.

1. PWRT, PWRT, 4:507. 4:507.2. Freeman, George Washington, George Washington, 1:76-77. 1:76-77.3. WWF, WWF,35:329-30. Letter to Sir John Sinclair, December 11, 1796.4. Flexner, George Washington, George Washington, 1:30. 1:30.5 . PWC, PWC,1:289-90. Letter to John Augustine Washington, May 28, 1755.6 . Ibid., 4:119. Letter from William Fairfax, March 22, 1757.7. WWR, WWR,720. Letter to George Steptoe Washington, March 23, 1789.8. Flexner, George Washington, George Washington, 1:27. 1:27.9 . Palmer, George Washington and Benedict Arnold, George Washington and Benedict Arnold, 43-44. 43-44.10. Flexner, George Washington, George Washington, 1:30. 1:30.11. PWCF, PWCF,5:515. "Comments on David Humphreys" Biography of George Washington."12. Flexner, George Washington, George Washington, 1:30. 1:30.13. Freeman, George Washington, George Washington, 1:195. 1:195.14. Ibid., 1:199.15. PWCF, PWCF, 6:423. Letter to James Craik, August 4, 1788. 6:423. Letter to James Craik, August 4, 1788.16. WWR, WWR,142. Letter to Jonathan Boucher, July 9, 1771.17. Ibid., 11. "A Journal of My Journey over the Mountains," March 15, 1747/8.18. Ibid., 13. "A Journal of My Journey over the Mountains," March 23, 1747/8.19. Ibid., 14. "A Journal of My Journey over the Mountains," April 4, 1747/8.20. PWC, PWC,1:44. Letter to Richard [no last name], ca. 1749-50.21. WWR, WWR,14. "A Journal of My Journey over the Mountains," April 3, 1747/8.22. Lengel, General George Washington, General George Washington, 14. 14.23. PWC, PWC, 1:39. 1:39.24. Ibid., 1:45-46. Memorandum, ca. 1749-50.25. Irving, Life of George Washington, Life of George Washington, 16. 16.26. Felder, Fielding Lewis and Washington Family, Fielding Lewis and Washington Family, 33. 33.27. PWC, PWC, 1:41. Letter to Robin [no last name], ca. 1749-50. 1:41. Letter to Robin [no last name], ca. 1749-50.28. Ibid., 1:47. "Poetry," ca. 1749-50.29. Unger, Unexpected George Washington, Unexpected George Washington, 18. 18.30. Cunliffe, George Washington, George Washington, 42. 42.31. PWC, PWC,1:44. Letter to Richard, ca. 1749-5032. DiariesA DiariesA, xvi.33. PWC, PWC,1:6. Letter to Lawrence Washington, May 5, 1749.34. Ibid., 1:38. Letter to Ann Fairfax Washington, ca. September-November 1749.35. Flexner, George Washington, George Washington, 1:47. 1:47.36. DiariesA DiariesA, 12. Entry for November 5, 1751.37. Lengel, General George Washington, General George Washington, 16. 16.38. Freeman, George Washington, George Washington, 1:250. 1:250.39. DiariesA DiariesA, 14. Entry for December 12, 1751.40. Ibid., 15. Entry for December 22, 1751.41. Ibid., 14. Entry for November 17, 1751.42. Ibid.43. Freeman, George Washington, George Washington, 1:263. 1:263.44. Ibid., 1:51.45. PWC, PWC,1:49. Letter to William Fauntleroy, May 20, 1752.46. Lengel, General George Washington, General George Washington, 16. 16.47. Unger, Unexpected George Washington, Unexpected George Washington, 19. 19.48. WWR, WWR,1113.49. PWC, PWC,1:50. Letter to Robert Dinwiddie, June 10, 1752.50. PWRT PWRT, 3:188. Letter to Maryland Masons, November 8, 1798.51. PWP, PWP, 12:76. Letter to the Ma.s.sachusetts Masons, January 1793. 12:76. Letter to the Ma.s.sachusetts Masons, January 1793.

CHAPTER THREE: WILDERNESS MISSION.

1 . Cadou, George Washington Collection, George Washington Collection, 212. 212.2 . PWC, PWC,1:199. Letter from Allan Macrae, September 3, 1754.3. Freeman, George Washington, George Washington, 3:6. 3:6.4. Lengel, General George Washington, General George Washington, 8. 8.5. PWC, PWC,1:277. Letter to John Augustine Washington, May 14, 1755.6. Wiencek, Imperfect G.o.d, Imperfect G.o.d, 65-66. 65-66.7. Anderson, George Washington Remembers, George Washington Remembers, 71. 71.8. Longmore, Invention of George Washington, Invention of George Washington, 18. 18.9. PWC, PWC,1:57.10. Ibid., 1:352. Letter to Augustine Washington, August 2, 1755.11. Flexner, George Washington, George Washington, 1:55. 1:55.12. PWC, PWC,2:151. Letter from Robert Hunter Morris, October 31, 1755.13. PWCF, PWCF, 5:516. "Comments on David Humphreys" Biography of George Washington." 5:516. "Comments on David Humphreys" Biography of George Washington."14. PWC, PWC,1:57.15. WWR, WWR,17. "Journey to the French Commandant," 1753.16. Ibid., 18.17. Ibid.18. Lengel, General George Washington, General George Washington, 20. 20.19. PWC, PWC,5:117. Letter to John Stanwix, April 10, 1758.20. WWR, WWR,19. "Journey to the French Commandant," 1753.21. Lengel, General George Washington, General George Washington, 23. 23.22. PWCF, PWCF, 5:516. "Comments on David Humphreys" Biography of George Washington." 5:516. "Comments on David Humphreys" Biography of George Washington."23. WWR, WWR,22. "Journey to the French Commandant," 1753.24. Ibid., 25.25. Ibid., 26.26. Ibid., 28.27 . Flexner, George Washington, George Washington, 1:68. 1:68.28. Ibid., 69.29. WWR, WWR,30. "Journey to the French Commandant," 1753.30. Ibid., 32.31. Ibid.32. Freeman, George Washington, George Washington, 1:320. 1:320.33. Lengel, General George Washington, General George Washington, 28. 28.34. WWR, WWR,33. "Journey to the French Commandant," 1753.35. Flexner, George Washington, George Washington, 1:76. 1:76.36. WWR, WWR,34. "Journey to the French Commandant," 1753.37. DiariesA DiariesA, 32.38. PWC, PWC,1:352. Letter to Augustine Washington, August 2, 1755.39. WWR, WWR,35. Letter to Richard Corbin, January 28, 1754.

CHAPTER FOUR: BLOODBATH.

1. DiariesA, DiariesA,38.2 . PWC, PWC,1:72, Letter to Robert Dinwiddie, March 7, 1754.3 . Ibid.4 . Flexner, George Washington, George Washington, 1:81. 1:81.5. Ibid., 1:82.6 . Lengel, General George Washington, General George Washington, 33. 33.7 . Freeman, George Washington, George Washington, 1:354. 1:354.8 . PWC, PWC,1:86. Letter to Governor Horatio Sharpe, April 24, 1754.9. WWR, WWR,39. Letter to Robert Dinwiddie, May 18, 1754.10. DiariesA, DiariesA, 45. 45.11. Ibid., 47.12. Lengel, General George Washington, General George Washington, 35. 35.13. DiariesA, DiariesA,49-50.14. Flexner, George Washington, George Washington, 1:89. 1:89.15. DiariesA, DiariesA,49.16. WWR, WWR,42. Letter to Robert Dinwiddie, May 29, 1754.17. Ibid., 44.18. Ibid.,48. Letter to John Augustine Washington, May 31, 1754.19. Lengel, General George Washington, General George Washington, 39. 39.20. PWC, PWC,1:117. Letter to Joshua Fry, May 29, 1754.21. Ibid., 1:119. Letter from Robert Dinwiddie, June 1, 1754.22. Ibid., 1:114-15.23. Leibiger, " "To Judge of Washington"s Conduct.""24. Henriques, Realistic Visionary, Realistic Visionary, 6. 6.25. PWC, PWC,1:129-30. Letter to Robert Dinwiddie, June 10, 1754.26. Flexner, George Washington, George Washington, 1:100. 1:100.27. Anderson, George Washington Remembers, George Washington Remembers, 37. 37.28. Flexner, George Washington, George Washington, 1:100. 1:100.29. PWCF, PWCF, 5:517. "Comments on David Humphreys" Biography of George Washington." 5:517. "Comments on David Humphreys" Biography of George Washington."30. Flexner, George Washington, George Washington, 1:101. 1:101.31. PWCF, PWCF,5:518. "Comments on David Humphreys" Biography of George Washington."32. Ibid.33. Ibid.34. PWC, PWC, 1:164. 1:164.35. Ibid., 1:170.36. Ibid., 1:168.37. Ibid., 1:169-70.38. Ibid., 1:160.39. Lengel, General George Washington, General George Washington, 46. 46.40. Flexner, George Washington, George Washington, 1:107. 1:107.41. Lengel, General George Washington, General George Washington, 48. 48.42. PWC, PWC,1:136. Letter to Robert Dinwiddie, June 10, 1754.43. Callahan, Henry Knox, Henry Knox, 320. 320.44. Flexner, George Washington, George Washington, 1:5. 1:5.45. Freeman, George Washington, George Washington, 1:416. 1:416.46. Lengel, General George Washington, General George Washington, 49 49. 47. Freeman, 47. Freeman, George Washington, George Washington, 1:420. 1:420.48. Ibid., 1:432.49. PWC, PWC,1:216. Letter from Horatio Sharpe, October 1, 1754.50. Ibid., 1:226. Letter to William Fitzhugh, November 15, 1754.51. Ibid.52. Cadou, George Washington Collection, George Washington Collection, 26. 26.

CHAPTER FIVE: SHADES OF DEATH.

1. PWC, PWC,6:381.2 . Ibid., 1:243. Letter to Robert Orme, March 15, 1755.3. Ibid., 1:246.4 . Ibid., 1:278. Letter to John Augustine Washington, May 14, 1755.5 . Ibid., 1:255. Letter to John Robinson, April 20, 1755.6 . Ibid., 1:246. Letter to Robert Orme, April 2, 1755.7 . Ibid., 1:278. Letter to John Augustine Washington, May 14, 1755.8 . PWCF, PWCF,5:522. "Comments on David Humphreys" Biography of George Washington."9. PWC, PWC,2:11.10. Ibid., 1:299. Letter to William Fairfax, June 7, 1755.11. Isaacson, Benjamin Franklin, Benjamin Franklin, 166. 166.12. PWC, PWC,1:268. Letter to Mary Ball Washington, May 6, 1755.13. Ibid.14. Irving, Life of George Washington, Life of George Washington, 558. 558.15. PWC, PWC,1:304. Letter to Mary Ball Washington, June 7, 1755.16. Ibid., 1:261. Letter to Sarah Cary Fairfax, April 30, 1755.17. Ibid., 1:265. Letter to Thomas, Lord Fairfax, May 6, 1755.18. WWR, WWR,54. Letter to Sarah Cary Fairfax, June 7, 1755.19. Ibid., 53. Letter to John Augustine Washington, May 28, 1755.20. PWC, PWC,1:319. Letter to John Augustine Washington, June 28-July 2, 1755.21. Lengel, General George Washington, General George Washington, 55. 55.22. Freeman, George Washington, George Washington, 2:51. 2:51.23. WWR, WWR,54. Letter to John Augustine Washington, June 28, 1755.24. Cunliffe, George Washington, George Washington, 49. 49.25. PWCF, PWCF, 5:520. "Comments on David Humphreys" Biography of George Washington." 5:520. "Comments on David Humphreys" Biography of George Washington."26. PWC, PWC,1:332.27. PWCF, PWCF,5:520-21. "Comments on David Humphreys" Biography of George Washington. "28. Marshall, Life of George Washington, Life of George Washington, 10. 10.29. WWR, WWR, 58. Letter to Robert Dinwiddie, July 18, 1755. 58. Letter to Robert Dinwiddie, July 18, 1755.30. Flexner, George Washington, George Washington, 1:129. 1:129.31. PWCF, PWCF,5:522. "Comments on David Humphreys" Biography of George Washington."32. PWC, PWC,1:340. Letter to Robert Dinwiddie, July 18, 1755. First draft.33. Wiencek, Imperfect G.o.d, Imperfect G.o.d, 64. 64.34. Freeman, George Washington, George Washington, 2:82. 2:82.35. Ibid.36. PWCF, PWCF,5:522. "Comments on David Humphreys" Biography of George Washington."37. PWC, PWC,3:181.38. Cunliffe, George Washington, George Washington, 49. 49.39. Flexner, George Washington, George Washington, 1:134. 1:134.40. PWC, PWC, 1:346. Letter from Sarah Cary Fairfax, Ann Spearing, and Elizabeth Dent, July 26, 1755. 1:346. Letter from Sarah Cary Fairfax, Ann Spearing, and Elizabeth Dent, July 26, 1755.41. Ibid., 1:343. Letter to John Augustine Washington, July 18, 1755. First draft.42. Longmore, Invention of George Washington, Invention of George Washington, 30. 30.43. Irving,Life of George Washington, 83. 83.44. Longmore, Invention of George Washington, Invention of George Washington, 29. 29.

CHAPTER SIX: THE SOUL OF AN ARMY.

1 . PWC, PWC,1:359. Letter to Mary Ball Washington, August 14, 1755.2 . Ibid., 3:416. Letter to Robert Dinwiddie, September 23, 1756.3 . Ibid., 2:208. Letter to Richard Washington, December 6, 1755.4 . WWR, WWR,61. "General Orders," October 6, 1755.5 . Wiencek, Imperfect G.o.d, Imperfect G.o.d, 64. 64.6 . WWR, WWR,64. Letter to Robert Dinwiddie, October 14, 1755.7 . PWC, PWC,2:176. Letter to Denis McCarty, November 22, 1755.8 . Ibid., 2:102. Letter to Robert Dinwiddie, October 11, 1755.9. Morgan, Genius of George Washington, Genius of George Washington, 29. 29.10. PWC, PWC,3:171. Letter to Robert Dinwiddie, May 23, 1756.11. Ibid., 4:406. Letter to Robert Dinwiddie, September 17, 1757.12. Fischer, Washington"s Crossing, Washington"s Crossing, 15. 15.13. PWC, PWC,3:417. Letter to Robert Dinwiddie, September 23, 1756.14. Ibid., 5:130. Letter to John Blair, April 17, 1758.15. PWR, PWR,8:124. Letter to John Parke Custis, January 22, 1777.16. Flexner, George Washington, George Washington, 1:159. 1:159.17. Marshall, "National Treasure," New Yorker New Yorker, May 23, 2005.18. PWCF, PWCF, 5:523. "Comments on David Humphreys" Biography of George Washington." 5:523. "Comments on David Humphreys" Biography of George Washington."19. PWC, PWC,2:226. Letter from Adam Stephen, December 23, 1755.20. Ibid., 6:439. Letter from Andrew Burnaby, June 23, 1760.21. Irving, Life of George Washington, Life of George Washington, 91. 91.22. Longmore, Invention of George Washington, Invention of George Washington, 37. 37.23. Flexner, George Washington, George Washington, 1:148. 1:148.24. PWC, PWC,2:333. Letter to Robert Dinwiddie, April 7, 1756.25. Ibid., 2:345. Letter to Robert Hunter Morris, April 9, 1756.26. Ibid., 3:33-34. Letter to Robert Dinwiddie, April 22, 1756.27. Flexner, George Washington, George Washington, 1:154. 1:154.28. WWR, WWR,73. Letter to Robert Dinwiddie, April 18, 1756.29. Henriques, Realistic Visionary, Realistic Visionary, 28. 28.30. PWC, PWC,3:57. Letter from William Fairfax, April 27, 1756.31. Ibid., 3:354. "Proclamation."32. Ibid., 3:294. Letter to John Campbell, Earl of Loudoun, July 25, 1756.33. Ibid., 4:86. Letter to the Earl of Loudoun, January 10, 1757.34. Longmore, Invention of George Washington, Invention of George Washington, 42. 42.35. Henriques, Realistic Visionary, Realistic Visionary, 11. 11.36. PWC, PWC,4:89. Letter to the Earl of Loudoun, January 10, 1757.37. Higginbotham, George Washington Reconsidered, George Washington Reconsidered, 59. 59.38. PWC, PWC,4:89. Letter to the Earl of Loudoun, January 10, 1757.39. Ibid., 4:90.40. WWR, WWR,86. Letter to Robert Dinwiddie, March 10, 1757.41. PWC, PWC,4:132. Letter to Richard Washington, April 15, 1757.42. Ibid., 4:163. Letter to Robert Dinwiddie, May 24, 1757.43. Anderson, "Hinge of the Revolution."44. PWC, PWC,4:306. Letter to John Stanwix, July 15, 1757.45. Ibid., 4:360. Letter to Robert Dinwiddie, August 3, 1757.46. Ibid., 4:199. Letter to John Robinson, June 10, 1757.47. Ibid., 4:422. Letter from Robert Dinwiddie, September 24, 1757.48. Ibid., 5:3. Letter to Robert Dinwiddie, October 5, 1757.49. Ibid., 5:25. Letter to Robert Dinwiddie, October 24, 1757.50. Ibid., 5:63.51. Ibid., 5:64. Letter from James Craik, November 25, 1757.52. Ibid., 5:56. Letter to Sarah Cary Fairfax, November 15, 1757.53. Ibid., 5:92. Letter from Robert Carter Nicholas, February 6, 1758.54. Ibid., 5:102. Letter to John Stanwix, March 4, 1758.55. Ibid.

CHAPTER SEVEN: A VOTARY TO LOVE.

1 . Cadou, George Washington Collection, George Washington Collection, 29. 29.2 . Ibid.3 . Ibid.4 . PWC, PWC,5:447. Letter from Humphrey Knight, September 2, 1758.5 . Brady, Martha Washington, Martha Washington, 55. 55.6 . PWC, PWC,5:112. Letter to Richard Washington, April 5, 1758.7 . Freeman, Washington, Washington, 2:302. 2:302.8 . Cadou, George Washington Collection, George Washington Collection, 254. 254.9 . Henriques, Realistic Visionary, Realistic Visionary, 88. 88.10. MTV. "Early Descriptions Ante 1800." Nicholas Crosswell journal, 1774-77.11. Henriques, Realistic Visionary, Realistic Visionary, 101. 101.12. PWRT PWRT, 2:239.13. Wiencek, Imperfect G.o.d, Imperfect G.o.d, 84. 84.14. Bryan, First Lady of Liberty, First Lady of Liberty, 239; Wiencek, ibid., 85. 239; Wiencek, ibid., 85.15. Custis, Recollections and Private Memoirs of Washington, Recollections and Private Memoirs of Washington, 509. 509.16. Henriques, Realistic Visionary, Realistic Visionary, 90. 90.17. Brady, Martha Washington, Martha Washington, 30. 30.18. Wiencek, Imperfect G.o.d, Imperfect G.o.d, 75. 75.19. Ibid., 73.20. Ibid.21. Ibid., 76.22. PWC, PWC,6:10. Letter to Sarah Cary Fairfax, September 12, 1758.23. Ibid., 6:11.24. Ibid.25. Ibid., 6:41. Letter to Sarah Cary Fairfax, September 25, 1758.26. WWR, WWR,901-2.

CHAPTER EIGHT: DARLING OF A GRATEFUL COUNTRY.

1 . Higginbotham, George Washington Reconsidered, George Washington Reconsidered, 54. 54.2. PWC, PWC,5:117.3 . Lengel, General George Washington, General George Washington, 70. 70.4 . PWC, PWC,5:258. Letter to Henry Bouquet, July 3, 1758. PWC, PWC, 5:282. Letter to Henry Bouquet, July 13, 1758. 5:282. Letter to Henry Bouquet, July 13, 1758.5 . Henriques, Realistic Visionary, Realistic Visionary, 33. 33.6 . PWC, PWC,5:271. Letter from James Wood, July 7, 1758.7 . Ibid., 5:305-6. Letter from Robert Rutherford, July 20, 1758.8 . Flexner, George Washington, George Washington, 1:211. 1:211.9 . PWC, PWC,5:330. Letter from Robert Rutherford, July 26,1758.10. Ibid., 5:349. Letter to James Wood, ca. July 28, 1758.11. Ibid.12. WWR, WWR,96. Letter to Francis Halkett, August 2, 1758.13. Henriques, Realistic Visionary, Realistic Visionary, 13. 13.14. Lengel, General George Washington, General George Washington, 71. 71.15. PWC, PWC,5:424. Letter to Henry Bouquet, August 28, 1758.16. Ibid., 5:433. Letter to John Robinson, September 1, 1758.17. Flexner, George Washington, George Washington, 1:215. 1:215.18. PWC, PWC,7:205. Letter to Robert Stewart, April 27, 1763.19. Flexner, George Washington, George Washington, 1:220. 1:220.20. PWCF, PWCF,5:525. "Comments on David Humphreys" Biography of George Washington."21. PWC, PWC,6:177. Letter from Robert Stewart, December 31, 1758.22. Ibid.23. Ibid., 6:179. "Address from the Officers of the Virginia Regiment," December 31, 1758.24. PWCF, PWCF, 5:525. "Comments on David Humphreys" Biography of George Washington." 5:525. "Comments on David Humphreys" Biography of George Washington."25. PWC, PWC,6:186. "To the Officers of the Virginia Regiment," January 10, 1759.26. Ibid., 6:187.

CHAPTER NINE: THE MAN OF MODE.

1 . Cadou, George Washington Collection, George Washington Collection, 244. 244.2. PWC, PWC,6:283ff.3 . Brady, Martha Washington, Martha Washington, 70. 70.4 . DiariesA DiariesA, 65. Diary entry for January 16, 1760.5. Ibid., 58.6 . Burns and Dunn, George Washington, George Washington, 12. 12.7 . PWC, PWC,6:359. Letter to Richard Washington, September 20, 1759.8 . Burns and Dunn, George Washington, George Washington, 13. 13.9 . Freeman, George Washington, George Washington, 3:7. 3:7. 10. Brookhiser, 10. Brookhiser, Founding Father, Founding Father, 66. 66.11. WWR, WWR,417. Letter to John Parke Custis, February 28, 1781.12. PWC, PWC, 6:200. Letter to John Alton, April 5, 1759. 6:200. Letter to John Alton, April 5, 1759.13. Fields, "Worthy Partner," "Worthy Partner," 129. 129.14. Unger, Unexpected George Washington, Unexpected George Washington, 41. 41.15. Wiencek, Imperfect G.o.d, Imperfect G.o.d, 83. 83.16. Thompson, Statements Regarding the Physical Appearance, Statements Regarding the Physical Appearance, 74. 74.17. Irving, Life of George Washington, Life of George Washington, 615. 615.18. Fields, "Worthy Partner," "Worthy Partner," 147. 147.19. Thompson, Memorandum for the Martha Washington Anniversary Committee, Memorandum for the Martha Washington Anniversary Committee, 24. 24.20. PWR, PWR,1:3-4. Letter to Martha Washington, June 18, 1775.21. WWR, WWR,881. Letter to Elizabeth Parke Custis, September 14, 1794.22. MTV. "Early Descriptions Ante 1800." Lieutenant John Enys visit to Mount Vernon, February 12, 1788.23. Flexner, George Washington, George Washington, 2:519. 2:519.24. Cunliffe, George Washington, George Washington, 124. 124.25. WWR, WWR,597. Letter to the Marquis de Lafayette, May 10, 1786.26. Ibid., 599. Letter to William Fitzhugh, May 15, 1786.27. Ibid., 570. Letter to William Gordon, December 20, 1784.28. Flexner, George Washington, George Washington, 1:269. 1:269.29. WWR, WWR,706. "Draft of First Inaugural," ca. January 1789.30. Furstenberg,In the Name of the Father, 75. 75.31. PWC, PWC,6:315. Letter to Robert Cary & Co., May 1, 1759.32. Ibid., 6:317. "Enclosure Invoice to Robert Cary & Co.," May 1, 1759.33. Ibid., 6:453. Letter to Richard Washington, August 10, 1760.34. Cadou, George Washington Collection, George Washington Collection, 212. 212.35. Ibid.36. PWC, PWC,6:375. Letter to Robert Cary & Co., November 30, 1759.37. Ibid., 6:459. Undated typescript of a letter to an unidentified tailor.38. Cadou, George Washington Collection, George Washington Collection, 238. 238.39. Hague, William Pitt the Younger, William Pitt the Younger, 4. 4.40. PWC, PWC,6:359. Letter to Richard Washington, September 20, 1759.41. DiariesA, DiariesA,90.42. PWC, PWC,6:449. Letter to Robert Cary & Co., August 10, 1760.43. Ibid., 6:459-60. Letter to Robert Cary & Co., September 28, 1760.44. Wood, "The Shopper"s Revolution."45. WWR, WWR,109. Letter to Robert Stewart, April 27, 1763.46. Ibid., 111. Letter to Robert Cary & Co., August 10, 1764.47. Ibid., 113-14. Letter to Robert Cary & Co., September 20, 1765.48. PWRT PWRT, 1:248. Letter to Samuel Washington, July 12, 1797.

CHAPTER TEN: A CERTAIN SPECIES OF PROPERTY.

1 . Flexner, George Washington, George Washington, 1:274. 1:274.2 . PWC, PWC,7:140. Letter to Robert Cary & Co., June 20, 1762.3 . Ibid., 7:385. Letter to Burwell Ba.s.sett, August 2, 1765.4 . Wiencek, Imperfect G.o.d, Imperfect G.o.d, 45. 45.5 . PWC, PWC,9:70. Letter to Daniel Jenifer Adams, July 20, 1772.6 . Ibid., 8:256. Letter to Hector Ross, October 9, 1769.7 . Ibid., 8:3. Letter to John Posey, June 24, 1767.8 . WWR, WWR,158. Letter to Bryan Fairfax, August 24, 1774. 9 . DiariesA, DiariesA,83. Diary entry for May 7, 1760.10. PWC, PWC,7:148. "Agreement with Nelson Kelly," September 1, 1762.11. PWP, PWP, 11:229. Letter to Anthony Whitting, October 14, 1792. 11:229. Letter to Anthony Whitting, October 14, 1792.12. WWF, WWF, 33:242. Letter to William Pearce, January 12, 1794. 33:242. Letter to William Pearce, January 12, 1794.13. Thompson, " "They Appear to Live Comfortable Together.""14. Higginbotham, George Washington Reconsidered, George Washington Reconsidered, 117. 117.15. Thompson, "Lives of Enslaved Workers on Washington"s Outlying Farms."16. Adams, Life and Writings of Jared Sparks, Life and Writings of Jared Sparks, 2:28. 2:28.17. Thompson, Statements Regarding the Physical Appearance, Statements Regarding the Physical Appearance, 56. 56.18. PWP, PWP, 13:225. "Circular to William Stuart, Hiland Crow, and Henry McCoy," July 14, 1793. 13:225. "Circular to William Stuart, Hiland Crow, and Henry McCoy," July 14, 1793.19. Ibid., 12:524. Letter to Anthony Whitting, May 5, 1793.20. Lee, Experiencing Mount Vernon, Experiencing Mount Vernon, 68. 68.21. Brady, George Washington"s Beautiful Nelly, George Washington"s Beautiful Nelly, 134. 134.22. Decatur, Private Affairs of George Washington, Private Affairs of George Washington, 315. 315.23. Longmore, Invention of George Washington, Invention of George Washington, 181. 181.24. Ma.s.sachusetts Historical Society, Timothy Pickering Papers, Reel 52, p. 54.25. Henriques, Realistic Visionary, Realistic Visionary, 150. 150.26. Lee, Experiencing Mount Vernon, Experiencing Mount Vernon, 23. 23.27. PWP, PWP, 1:223. Letter to John Fairfax, January 1, 1789. 1:223. Letter to John Fairfax, January 1, 1789.28. WWF, WWF,33:275. Letter to William Pearce, February 22, 1794.29. PWP, PWP, 9:439. 9:439.30. DiariesA, DiariesA, 69-70. Diary entry for February 5, 1760. 69-70. Diary entry for February 5, 1760.31. Lee, Experiencing Mount Vernon, Experiencing Mount Vernon, 77. 77.32. PWP, PWP, 12:634. Letter to Anthony Whitting, May 26, 1793. 12:634. Letter to Anthony Whitting, May 26, 1793.33. Thompson, " "The Only Unavoidable Subject of Regret.""34. PWC, PWC,8:521.35. Morgan, " "To Get Quit of Negroes.""36. Wiencek, Imperfect G.o.d, Imperfect G.o.d, 100. 100.37. Ibid.38. WWR, WWR,102. "Reward for Runaway Slaves," August 11, 1761.39. Ibid., 103.40. Ibid.41. Ibid., 102.42. WWR, WWR, 118. Letter to Josiah Thompson, July 2, 1766. 118. Letter to Josiah Thompson, July 2, 1766.43. Ibid.44. Wiencek, Imperfect G.o.d, Imperfect G.o.d, 188. 188.45. PWC, PWC,7:179.46. Lee, Experiencing Mount Vernon, Experiencing Mount Vernon, 23. 23.47. MTV. "Early Descriptions Ante 1800." Joseph Hatfield, 1787.48. Wiencek, Imperfect G.o.d, Imperfect G.o.d, 282. 282.49. PWRT PWRT, 4:133. Letter to William Roberts, June 17, 1799.50. Chinard, George Washington as the French Knew Him, George Washington as the French Knew Him, 118. 118.51. PWRT, PWRT,1:525. Letter to James Anderson, December 21, 1797.52. Schwarz, Slavery at the Home of George Washington, Slavery at the Home of George Washington, 25. 25.53. WWR, WWR,845. Letter to William Pearce, October 6, 1793.54. WWF, WWF,33:390. Letter to James Germain, June 1, 1794.55. PWCF, PWCF, 5:526. 5:526.56. MTV. "Early Descriptions Ante 1800." John Hanc.o.c.k, 1799.

CHAPTER ELEVEN: THE PRODIGY.

1 . PWC, PWC,8:98. Letter to Charles Lawrence, June 20, 1768.2 . Fischer, Washington"s Crossing, Washington"s Crossing, 431. 431.3 . Unger, Lafayette, Lafayette, 39. 39.4 . Flexner, George Washington, George Washington, 1:234. 1:234.5 . Burns and Dunn, George Washington, George Washington, 127. 127.6 . Marshall, Life of George Washington, Life of George Washington, 466. 466.7 . Henriques, Realistic Visionary, Realistic Visionary, 205. 205.8 . Brookhiser, Founding Father, Founding Father, 116. 116.9 . Thompson, Statements Regarding the Physical Appearance, Statements Regarding the Physical Appearance, 71. 71.10. Adams, Life and Writings of Jared Sparks, Life and Writings of Jared Sparks, 1:558. 1:558.11. Thompson, Statements Regarding the Physical Appearance, Statements Regarding the Physical Appearance, 88. 88.12. PWC, PWC,7:257. Letter to Richard Washington, September 27, 1763.13. Brookhiser, Founding Father, Founding Father, 127. 127.14. WWR, WWR,483. Letter to Bushrod Washington, January 15, 1783.15. Unger, Unexpected George Washington, Unexpected George Washington, 87-88. 87-88.16. Lengel, General George Washington, General George Washington, 8. 8.17. Jefferson, Writings, Writings, 1319. 1319.18. Flexner, George Washington, George Washington, 2:401. 2:401.19. Lee, Experiencing Mount Vernon, Experiencing Mount Vernon, 71. 71.20. PWP, PWP, 2:415. Letter to John Campbell, May 31, 1789. 2:415. Letter to John Campbell, May 31, 1789.21. DiariesA, DiariesA,105. Diary entry for March 2, 1768.22. Hervey, Memory of Washington, Memory of Washington, 93. 93.23. Irving, Life of George Washington, Life of George Washington, 124. 124.24. WWF, WWF,35:341. Letter to George Washington Parke Custis, December 19, 1796.25. Cadou, George Washington Collection, George Washington Collection, 33. 33.26. PWC, PWC,7:260. Letter to George William Fairfax, September 29, 1763.

CHAPTER TWELVE: PROVIDENCE.

1 . Meade, "Gov. Fauquier."2 . Wiencek, Imperfect G.o.d, Imperfect G.o.d, 140. 140.3. DiariesA, DiariesA,110.4 . Freeman, George Washington, George Washington, 3:49. 3:49.5 . Schutz and Adair, Spur of Fame Spur of Fame, 207.6 . PWC, PWC,7:43. Letter to Van Swearingen, May 15, 1761.7 . Flexner, George Washington, George Washington, 1:256. 1:256. PWC, PWC, 7:13. Letter 7:13. Letterfrom Robert Stewart, February 15, 1761.8 . PWC, PWC,7:43. Letter to Van Swearingen, May 15, 1761.9 . Wiencek, Imperfect G.o.d, Imperfect G.o.d, 152. 152.10. PWC, PWC,7:59. Letter to Andrew Burnaby, July 27, 1761.11. Ibid., 7:68. Letter to Charles Green, August 26, 1761.12. Ibid., 7:80. Letter to Richard Washington, October 20, 1761.13. Ibid., 6:415. Letter from Augustine Washington, ca. April 1760.14. Thompson, "In the Hands of a Good Providence," "In the Hands of a Good Providence," 1. 1.15. Henriques, Realistic Visionary, Realistic Visionary, 183. 183.16. Ibid., 246.17. Thompson, "In the Hands of a Good Providence," "In the Hands of a Good Providence," 20. 20.18. PWRT, PWRT, 1:407. Letter to William Gordon, October 15, 1797. 1:407. Letter to William Gordon, October 15, 1797.19. Marshall, Life of George Washington, Life of George Washington, 466. 466.20. Thompson, "In the Hands of a Good Providence," "In the Hands of a Good Providence," 52. 52.21. Ibid., 94.22. Ibid., 92.23. Ibid., 9.24. PWCF, PWCF,1:232. Letter to Tench Tilghman, March 24, 1784.25. Decatur, Private Affairs of George Washington, Private Affairs of George Washington, 231. 231.26. WWR, WWR,834. Letter to the Members of the New Church in Baltimore, January 27, 1793.27. PWP, PWP, 10:493. Letter to Edward Newenham, June 22, 1792. 10:493. Letter to Edward Newenham, June 22, 1792.28. WWR, WWR,590. Letter to George Mason, October 3, 1785.29. Ibid., 971. "Farewell Address," September 19, 1796.30. PWP, PWP,2:420. Letter to the General a.s.sembly of the Presbyterian Church, ca. May 1789.31. Thompson, "In the Hands of a Good Providence," "In the Hands of a Good Providence," 124. 124.32. Freeman, George Washington, George Washington, 3:211. 3:211.33. Ibid.34. PWRT, PWRT, 2:37. Letter to David Stuart, January 22, 1798. 2:37. Letter to David Stuart, January 22, 1798.35. PWC, PWC,7:297.36. Wiencek, Imperfect G.o.d, Imperfect G.o.d, 144. 144.37. WWR, WWR,483. Letter to Bushrod Washington, January 15, 1783.38. Wiencek, Imperfect G.o.d, Imperfect G.o.d, 144. 144.39. Chinard, George Washington as the French Knew Him, George Washington as the French Knew Him, 88. 88.40. Smith, "Surprising George Washington."

CHAPTER THIRTEEN: A WORLD OF HIS OWN.

1 . Flexner, George Washington, George Washington, 1:310. 1:310.2 . Ellis, His Excellency, His Excellency, 55. 3 . Freeman, 55. 3 . Freeman, George Washington, George Washington, 3:123. 3:123.4. Ibid., 3:132.5. Ibid., 3:136.6 . Ibid.7. Ibid., 3:142.8 . PWC, PWC,7:401. Letter to Robert Cary & Co., September 20, 1765.9 . Isaacson, Benjamin Franklin, Benjamin Franklin, 230. 230.10. PWC, PWC,7:457. Letter to Robert Cary & Co., July 21, 1766.11. Ibid., 7:206. Letter to Robert Stewart, April 27, 1763.12. Ibid., 7:323. Letter to Robert Cary & Co., August 10, 1764.13. Ibid., 7:324.14. Ibid., 7:191. Invoice from Robert Cary & Co., April 13, 1763.15. Ibid., 8:93. Letter to Robert Cary & Co., June 6, 1768.16. Ibid., 8:92.17. Ibid., 8:370. Letter to Robert Cary & Co., August 20, 1770.18. Wiencek, Imperfect G.o.d, Imperfect G.o.d, 8. 8.19. Custis, Recollections and Private Memoirs of Washington, Recollections and Private Memoirs of Washington, 153. 153.20. MTV. "Early Descriptions Ante 1800." Chevalier de Chastellux, 1780-82.21. Diaries, Diaries,2:146. Diary entry for April 11, 1769.22. Lee, Experiencing Mount Vernon, Experiencing Mount Vernon, 83. 83.23. Ibid., 33.24. PWP, PWP, 9:438 and 8:401. 9:438 and 8:401.25. PWC, PWC,10:135.26. Ibid., 7:495. Letter from Martha Washington, March 30, 1767.27. Longmore, Invention of George Washington, Invention of George Washington, 88. 88.28. PWC, PWC,8:179. Letter to George Mason, April 5, 1769.29. Ibid.30. Ibid., 178.31. Wiencek, Imperfect G.o.d, Imperfect G.o.d, 150. 150.32. DiariesA, DiariesA, 128. 128.33. Ibid.34. Ibid., 129. Diary entry for May 19, 1769.35. Ibid.36. WWR, WWR, 133. Letter to Robert Cary & Co., July 25, 1769. 133. Letter to Robert Cary & Co., July 25, 1769.37. Flexner, George Washington, George Washington, 1:315. 1:315.38. Longmore, Invention of George Washington, Invention of George Washington, 97. 97.39. WWR, WWR,121. Letter to John Posey, June 24, 1767.40. Longmore, Invention of George Washington, Invention of George Washington, 104. 104.41. Freeman, George Washington, George Washington, 3:246-47. 3:246-47.42. Flexner, George Washington, George Washington, 1:289. 1:289.43. Ellis, His Excellency His Excellency, 56.44. DiariesA, DiariesA,151. Diary entry for October 19, 1770.45. Ibid., 150. Diary entry for October 14, 1770.46. PWC, PWC,9:460. Letter to George Muse, January 29, 1774.47. Ibid., 9:461.48. WWR, WWR,139. Letter to Thomas Johnson, July 20, 1770.49. Ibid., 138.50. Ibid.51. Unger,Unexpected George Washington, 77. 77.

CHAPTER FOURTEEN: THE ASIATIC PRINCE.

1. MTV. "Early Descriptions Ante 1800." Journal of Nathanael Greene, September 12, 1783.2. Griswold, Washington"s Gardens at Mount Vernon, Washington"s Gardens at Mount Vernon, 20. 20.3. Brady, Martha Washington, Martha Washington, 185. 185.4. Diaries Diaries, 2:141. Diary entry for April 14, 1769.5. PWC, PWC,8:240. Letter to John Armstrong, August 18, 1769.6. Ibid., 8:496. Letter to Jonathan Boucher, July 9, 1771.7. Ibid., 8:89-90. Letter to Jonathan Boucher, May 30, 1768.8. Ibid., 8:96. Letter from Jonathan Boucher, June 16, 1768.9. Ibid., 8:122-24. Letter from Jonathan Boucher, August 2, 1768.10. Ibid., 8:227. Letter from Jonathan Boucher, July 20, 1769.11. Ibid., 8:339. Letter from Jonathan Boucher, May 21, 1770.12. Ibid., 8:412. Letter to Jonathan Boucher, December 16, 1770.13. Ibid., 8:414. Letter from Jonathan Boucher, December 18, 1770.14. Ibid., 8:426. Letter to Jonathan Boucher, January 2, 1771.15. Ibid., 8:348. Letter to Jonathan Boucher, June 2, 1770.16. Freeman, George Washington, George Washington, 3:312. 3:312.17. PWC, PWC,8:415. Letter from Jonathan Boucher, December 18, 1770.18. WWR WWR, 144. Letter to Benedict Calvert, April 3, 1773.19. Flexner, George Washington, George Washington, 1:228. 1:228.20. PWC, PWC,10:349.21. PWR, PWR,3:189.22. PWC, PWC, 9:49. Letter to Jonathan Boucher, May 21, 1772. 9:49. Letter to Jonathan Boucher, May 21, 1772.23. Custis, Recollections and Private Memoirs of Washington, Recollections and Private Memoirs of Washington, 528. 528.24. Chernow, Alexander Hamilton, Alexander Hamilton, 56. 56.25. Diaries, Diaries,3:182.26. PWC, PWC, 9:266. 9:266.27. Unger, Unexpected George Washington, Unexpected George Washington, 84. 84.28. MTV. "Early Descriptions 1801-1841." Charles Willson Peale Journal, May-June 1804.29. PWC, PWC,9:243. Letter to Burwell Ba.s.sett, June 20, 1773.30. Thompson, "In the Hands of a Good Providence," "In the Hands of a Good Providence," 94. 94.31. Ibid., 121.32. Flexner, George Washington, George Washington, 1:247. 1:247.33. Wiencek, Imperfect G.o.d, Imperfect G.o.d, 10. 10.34. PWC, PWC,10:109. Letter to Bryan Fairfax, July 4, 1774.35. Dalzell and Dalzell, George Washington"s Mount Vernon George Washington"s Mount Vernon, 79.36. PWC, PWC, 9:326. Letter from Dr. Myles Cooper, September 20, 1773. 9:326. Letter from Dr. Myles Cooper, September 20, 1773.37. Ibid., 9:406-7. Letter to Myles Cooper, December 15, 1773.38. Ibid., 9:212. Letter from Jonathan Boucher, April 8, 1773.

CHAPTER FIFTEEN: A SHOCK OF ELECTRICITY.

1. Diaries, Diaries,3:166.2. Stoll, Samuel Adams Samuel Adams, 115.3. Ferling, "Myths of the American Revolution."4. PWC, PWC,2:179. Letter from Thomas Gage, November 23, 1755.5. Palmer, George Washington and Benedict Arnold, George Washington and Benedict Arnold, 69. 69.6. Flexner, George Washington, George Washington, 1:320. 1:320.7. Ellis, His Excellency, His Excellency, 58. 58.8. Longmore, Invention of George Washington, Invention of George Washington, 123. 123.9. DiariesA, DiariesA,189.10. PWC, PWC,10:119-25. "Fairfax County Resolves," July 18, 1774.11. WWR, WWR,154. Letter to Bryan Fairfax, July 20,1774.12. Flexner, George Washington, George Washington, 1:322. 1:322.13. Ellis, His Excellency, His Excellency, 64. 64.14. PWC, PWC,10:96-97. Letter to George William Fairfax, June 10, 1774.15. Ibid., 10:96.16. Ibid., 10:97.17. Ibid., 10:109-10. Letter to Bryan Fairfax, July 4, 1774.18. Ibid., 10:110.19. WWR, WWR,155-56. Letter to Bryan Fairfax, July 20, 1774.20. Ibid.21. Ibid., 156.22. Ibid., 157. Letter to Bryan Fairfax, August 24, 1774.23. DiariesA, DiariesA,190.24. Burns and Dunn, George Washington, George Washington, 21. 21.25. Longmore, Invention of George Washington, Invention of George Washington, 132. 132.26. Brady, Martha Washington, Martha Washington, 92. 92.27. McCullough, John Adams John Adams, 86.28. Wiencek, Imperfect G.o.d, Imperfect G.o.d, 193. 193.29. Flexner, George Washington, George Washington, 1:324. 1:324.30. Longmore, Invention of George Washington, Invention of George Washington, 138. 138.31. WWR, WWR,159. Letter to Robert McKenzie, October 9, 1774.32. Burns and Dunn, George Washington, George Washington, 22. 22.33. Unger, Unexpected George Washington, Unexpected George Washington, 95. 95.34. PWC, PWC,10:172. Letter to Robert McKenzie, October 9, 1774.35. Unger, Unexpected George Washington, Unexpected George Washington, 95. 95.36. Diaries, Diaries,3:285.37. DiariesA, DiariesA,ix.38. Diaries, Diaries,3:280.39. WWR, WWR,160. Letter to Robert McKenzie, October 9, 1774.40. Stoll, Samuel Adams Samuel Adams, 138.41. PWC, PWC,10:191. Letter to John Tayloe, November 30, 1774.42. Ibid., 10:269.43. Longmore, Invention of George Washington, Invention of George Washington, 149. 149.44. Flexner, George Washington, George Washington, 1:328. 1:328.45. Longmore, Invention of George Washington, Invention of George Washington, 148. 148.46. Flexner, George Washington, George Washington, 1:329. 1:329.47. Irving, Life of George Washington, Life of George Washington, 154. 154.48. Longmore, Invention of George Washington, Invention of George Washington, 149. 149.49. Freeman, George Washington, George Washington, 3:404. 3:404.50. Ibid., 3:405.51. Ibid., 3:406.52. PWC, PWC,10:308. Letter to John Augustine Washington, March 25, 1775.53. Ibid., 10:292. Letter to John Washington, March 6, 1775.54. Freeman, George Washington, George Washington, 3:409. 3:409.55. PWC, PWC,10:320. Letter to Lord Dunmore, April 3, 1775.56. Freeman, George Washington, George Washington, 3:409. 3:409.57. Flexner, George Washington, George Washington, 1:330. 1:330.58. Ibid., 1:335.

CHAPTER SIXTEEN: THE GLORIOUS CAUSE.

1. Stoll, Samuel Adams, Samuel Adams, 157. 157.2. PWC, PWC,10:368. Letter to George William Fairfax, May 31, 1775.3. Smith, John Marshall, John Marshall, 44. 44.4. Diaries, Diaries,3:327. Diary entry for May 4, 1775.5. DiariesA, DiariesA,197.6. Longmore, Invention of George Washington, Invention of George Washington, 162. 162.7. Ibid., 182.8. Flexner, George Washington, George Washington, 1:333. 1:333.9. WWR, WWR,164. Letter to George William Fairfax, May 31, 1775.10. Longmore, Invention of George Washington, Invention of George Washington, 162. 162.11. Flexner, George Washington, George Washington, 1:334. 1:334.12. Schutz and Adair, Spur of Fame Spur of Fame, 97.13. Ibid., 98.14. Ibid.15. Ibid., 97.16. Henriques, Realistic Visionary, Realistic Visionary, 22. 22.17. Flexner, George Washington, George Washington, 1:343. 1:343.18. PWR, PWR,13:322. Letter to William Gordon, January 23, 1778.19. Longmore, Invention of George Washington, Invention of George Washington, 163. 163.20. Grant, John Adams, John Adams, 156. 156.21. Ibid.22. DiariesA, DiariesA,198.23. Flexner, George Washington, George Washington, 1:338. 1:338.24. Ibid., 2:9.25. Diaries, Diaries,3:336. Diary entry for June 15, 1775.26. DiariesA, DiariesA,198.27. PWR, PWR,1:1. "Address to the Continental Congress," June 16, 1775.28. Ibid., 1:2-3.29. Flexner, George Washington, George Washington, 1:342. 1:342.30. Longmore, Invention of George Washington, Invention of George Washington, 177. 177.31. Freeman, George Washington, George Washington, 3:439-40. 3:439-40.32. WWR, WWR,167-68. Letter to Martha Washington, June 18, 1775.33. Ibid., 168.34. PWR, PWR,1:15. Letter to John Parke Custis, June 19, 1775.35. WWR, WWR,168. Letter to Martha Washington, June 18, 1775. Ibid., 170. Letter to Burwell Ba.s.sett, June 19, 1775.36. Ibid., 170. Letter to Burwell Ba.s.sett, June 19, 1775.37. Cadou, George Washington Collection, George Washington Collection, 213. 213.38. McCullough, 1776, 1776, 57. 57.39. Ibid., 44.40. PWR, PWR, 1:56. 1:56.41. WWF, WWF,14:385. Letter to John Jay, April 14, 1779.42. WWR, WWR,222. Letter to John Augustine Washington, March 31, 1776.43. Cunliffe, George Washington, George Washington, 75. 75.44. PWR, PWR, 1:95. 1:95.45. Ibid., 1:16. Letter to the Officers of Five Virginia Independent Companies, June 20, 1775.46. WWR, WWR,173. Letter to Martha Washington, June 23, 1775.47. PWR, PWR, 1:33. 1:33.48. Ibid., 1:34.49. Golway, Washington"s General, Washington"s General, 55. 55.50. PWR, PWR,1:135. Letter to Samuel Washington, July 20, 1775.51. WWR, WWR,184-85. Letter to Lund Washington, August 20, 1775.52. PWR, PWR,1:41. "Address to the New York Provincial Congress," June 26, 1775.53. Freeman, George Washington, George Washington, 3:470. 3:470.54. Flexner, George Washington, George Washington, 2:27. 2:27.55. Decatur, Private Affairs of George Washington, Private Affairs of George Washington, xxi. xxi.56. Longmore, Invention of George Washington, Invention of George Washington, 182. 182.

CHAPTER SEVENTEEN: MAGNIFICENT BLUFF.

1. Batchelder, "Col. Henry Va.s.sall."2. WWR, WWR,178. Letter to Richard Henry Lee, July 10, 1775.3. PWR, PWR,1:54. "General Orders," July 4, 1775.4. Cadou, George Washington Collection, George Washington Collection, 213-14. 213-14.5. Anderson, "Hinge of Revolution."6. Palmer, George Washington and Benedict Arnold, George Washington and Benedict Arnold, 111. 111.7. Ibid.8. Longmore, Invention of George Washington, Invention of George Washington, 196. 196.9. Freeman, George Washington, George Washington, 3:504-5. 3:504-5.10. PWR, PWR,1:135. Letter to Samuel Washington, July 20, 1775.11. Fischer, Washington"s Crossing, Washington"s Crossing, 11. 11.12. Gaines, For Liberty and Glory, For Liberty and Glory, 105. 105.13. PWR, PWR,6:482. Letter to Patrick Henry, October 5, 1776.14. Gaines, For Liberty and Glory, For Liberty and Glory, 69. 69.15. Anderson, "Hinge of Revolution."16. Cadou, George Washington Collection, George Washington Collection, 214. 214.17. WWF, WWF, 20:489. Letter to John Sullivan, December 17, 1780. 20:489. Letter to John Sullivan, December 17, 1780.18. McCullough, 1776, 1776, 31. 31.19. PWR, PWR,1:55. "General Orders," July 4, 1775.20. Ibid., 1:93.21. McCullough, 1776, 1776, 32. 32.22. Flexner, George Washington, George Washington, 2:36. 2:36.23. Thompson, Statements Regarding the Physical Appearance, Statements Regarding the Physical Appearance, 4. 4.24. PWR, PWR,1:104. Letter to James Warren, July 10, 1775.25. Stephenson, Patriot Battles, Patriot Battles, 136. 136.26. Palmer, George Washington and Benedict Arnold, George Washington and Benedict Arnold, 111. 111.27. Flexner, George Washington, George Washington, 2:541. 2:541.28. Ma.s.sachusetts Historical Society. Timothy Pickering Papers, P-31, Reel 51, p. 228.29. PWR, PWR,1:140. Letter to John Hanc.o.c.k, July 21, 1775.30. WWR, WWR,195-96. Letter to Joseph Reed, December 15, 1775.31. McCullough, 1776, 1776, 62. 62.32. Stephenson, Patriot Battles, Patriot Battles, 175. 175.33. Flexner, George Washington, George Washington, 2:36. 2:36.34. PWR, PWR,1:221. Letter to Nicholas Cooke, August 4, 1775.35. Ibid., 1:218. "General Orders," August 4, 1775.36. WWR, WWR,181. Letter to Thomas Gage, August 11, 1775.37. PWR, PWR,1:302. Letter from Thomas Gage, August 13, 1775.38. WWR, WWR,182-83. Letter to Thomas Gage, August 19, 1775.39. PWR, PWR,1:372. Letter to Richard Henry Lee, August 29, 1775.40. WWR, WWR,184. Letter to Lund Washington, August 20, 1775.41. Flexner, George Washington, George Washington, 2:37. 2:37.42. Ibid., 2:49.43. Higginbotham, George Washington Reconsidered, George Washington Reconsidered, 278. 278.44. McCullough, 1776, 1776, 22. 22.45. Golway, Washington"s General, Washington"s General, 45. 45.46. Ibid., 54.47. WWF, WWF, 20:241. Letter to George Mason, October 22, 1780. 20:241. Letter to George Mason, October 22, 1780.48. Golway, Washington"s General, Washington"s General, 67. 67.49. Ma.s.sachusetts Historical Society. Timothy Pickering Papers, P-31, Reel 51, p. 139.50. Chinard, George Washington as the French Knew Him, George Washington as the French Knew Him, 53. 53.51. Callahan, Henry Knox, Henry Knox, 20. 20.52. DiariesA, DiariesA,361.53. Callahan, Henry Knox, Henry Knox, 271. 271.54. Ibid., 32.55. Ibid., 227.56. PWRT, PWRT, 3:42. Letter to John Adams, September 25, 1798. 3:42. Letter to John Adams, September 25, 1798.57. Stephenson, Patriot Battles, Patriot Battles, 65. 65.

CHAPTER EIGHTEEN: LAND OF FREEDOM.

1. Rosenfeld, American Aurora, American Aurora, 276. 276.2. McCullough, 1776, 1776, 51. 51.3. Ibid., 39.4. Rosenfeld, American Aurora, American Aurora, 260. 260.5. PWR, PWR,2:29. Letter to John Hanc.o.c.k, September 21, 1775.6. Stephenson, Patriot Battles, Patriot Battles, 15. 15.7. Palmer, George Washington and Benedict Arnold, George Washington and Benedict Arnold, 133. 133.8. Brookhiser, Founding Father, Founding Father, 115. 115.9. Flexner, George Washington, George Washington, 2:50. 2:50.10. WWF, WWF,22:161. Letter to the Marquis de Lafayette, June 4, 1781.11. WWR, WWR,1011. Letter to John Adams, September 25, 1798.12. Freeman, George Washington, George Washington, 3:553. 3:553.13. Ibid., 3:556.14. PWR, PWR,2:239. Letter to Major General Philip Schuyler, October 26, 1775.15. McCullough, 1776, 1776, 56. 56.16. Flexner, George Washington, George Washington, 2:53. 2:53.17. PWR, PWR,1:399. "Instructions to Captain Nicholas Broughton," September 2, 1775.18. Ibid., 2:463. Letter to Lieutenant Colonel Joseph Reed, November 30, 1775.19. PWP, PWP, 10:74-75. "Memorandum on General Officers," Philadelphia, March 9, 1792. 10:74-75. "Memorandum on General Officers," Philadelphia, March 9, 1792.20. Fund, "Whiskey Entrepreneur."21. PWR, PWR,2:300. "General Orders," November 5, 1775.22. Ibid., 1:287. "General Orders," August 11, 1775.23. Ibid., 1:321. "General Orders," August 18, 1775.24. Ibid., 1:346. "General Orders," August 22, 1775.25. Ibid., 2:493. Letter to Colonel Benedict Arnold, December 5, 1775.26. Ibid., 2:498. Letter to Major General Philip Schuyler, December 5, 1775.27. Ibid., 3:78. Letter from Major General Philip Schuyler, January 13, 1776. 3:78. Letter from Major General Philip Schuyler, January 13, 1776.28. Morgan, Genius of George Washington, Genius of George Washington, 10. 10.29. PWR, PWR,1:169. "General Orders," July 25, 1775.30. Cunliffe, George Washington, George Washington, 78. 78.31. McCullough, 1776, 1776, 64. 64.32. Stephenson, Patriot Battles, Patriot Battles, 185. 185.33. McCullough, 1776, 1776, 36. 36.34. Wiencek, Imperfect G.o.d, Imperfect G.o.d, 200. 200.35. PWR, PWR,2:125. "Council of War," October 8, 1775.36. Ibid., 2:354. "General Orders," November 12, 1775.37. Hochschild, Bury the Chains, Bury the Chains, 98. 98.38. PWR, PWR,2:436. Letter to Richard Henry Lee, November 27, 1775.39. Ibid., 2:611. Letter to Richard Henry Lee, December 26, 1775.40. WWR, WWR, 195. Letter to Joseph Reed, December 15, 1775. 195. Letter to Joseph Reed, December 15, 1775.41. PWR, PWR,2:623. Letter to John Hanc.o.c.k, December 31, 1775.42. Ellis, American Creation, American Creation, 35. 35.43. McCullough, 1776, 1776, 65. 65.44. PWR, PWR,2:614. "General Orders," December 28, 1775.45. WWR, WWR,196. "General Orders," January 1, 1776.46. PWR, PWR,3:19. Letter to John Hanc.o.c.k, January 4, 1776.47. WWR, WWR,203. Letter to Joseph Reed, January 14, 1776.48. Ibid.49. Smith, John Marshall, John Marshall, 51. 51.50. WWR, WWR,206. Letter to Joseph Reed, January 31, 1776.51. Cunliffe, George Washington, George Washington, 75. 75.52. Nelson, Thomas Paine, Thomas Paine, 88. 88.53. PWR, PWR,3:183. Letter from Major General Charles Lee, January 24, 1776.54. Ibid., 3:419. Letter from Fielding Lewis, March 6, 1776.55. WWR, WWR,206. Letter to Joseph Reed, January 31, 1776.56. PWCF, PWCF, 1:445. Letter to James Madison, June 12, 1784. 1:445. Letter to James Madison, June 12, 1784.57. PWR, PWR,2:74. Letter to Samuel Washington, September 30, 1775.58. Ibid., 2:72.59. Ibid., 2:162. Letter to John Augustine Washington, October 13, 1775.60. Fields, "Worthy Partner," "Worthy Partner," 164. 164.61. Brady, Martha Washington, Martha Washington, 104. 104.62. Thompson, " "As If I had Been a Very Great Somebody.""63. Henriques, Realistic Visionary, Realistic Visionary, 91. 91.64. PWR, PWR,3:172. Letter to Lieutenant Colonel Joseph Reed, January 23, 1776.65. Ibid., 2:252. Letter to Richard Henry Lee, October 29, 1775.66. Ibid., 3:173. Letter to Lieutenant Colonel Joseph Reed, January 23, 1776.67. Flexner, George Washington, George Washington, 2:60. 2:60.68. Fields, "Worthy Partner," "Worthy Partner," 164. 164.69. Henriques, Realistic Visionary, Realistic Visionary, 94. 94.70. Unger, Unexpected George Washington, Unexpected George Washington, 110. 110.71. Fischer, Washington"s Crossing, Washington"s Crossing, 19. 19.72. Flexner, George Washington, George Washington, 2:59. 2:59.73. Golway, Washington"s General, Washington"s General, 74. 74.74. Thompson, ""As If I had Been a Very Great Somebody.""75. Brookhiser, Founding Father, Founding Father, 159. 159.76. WWR, WWR,207. Letter to Joseph Reed, January 31, 1776.77. PWR, PWR,2:243. "Poem by Phillis Wheatley."78. WWR, WWR,216. Letter to Phillis Wheatley, February 28, 1776.79. Ibid.80. Thompson, ""As If I had Been a Very Great Somebody." "

CHAPTER NINETEEN: THE HEIGHTS.

1. Flexner, George Washington, George Washington, 2:427. 2:427.2. PWR, PWR,3:449. "General Orders," March 11, 1776.3. Ibid., 9:315. Letter to Colonels Alexander Spotswood et al., April 30, 1777.4. Ibid.5. Custis, Recollections and Private Memoirs Recollections and Private Memoirs, 258.6. PWR, PWR,3:27. "General Orders," January 5, 1776.7. WWF, WWF,24:110-11. Letter to the Secretary at War, April 10, 1782.8. Ibid., 254. "General Orders," May 14, 1782.9. PWR, PWR,3:85. Letter to John Hanc.o.c.k, January 14, 1776.10. Rosenfeld, American Aurora, American Aurora, 274. 274.11. PWR, PWR,3:287. Letter to Joseph Reed, February 10, 1776.12. Ibid., 3:336. Letter to John Hanc.o.c.k, February 18, 1776.13. Ibid., 3:335.14. Ibid., 3:370. Letter to Lieutenant Colonel Joseph Reed, February 26, 1776.15. McCullough, 1776, 1776, 87. 87.16. PWR, PWR,3:379. "General Orders," February 17, 1776.17. McCullough, 1776, 1776, 92. 92.18. Ibid., 92.19. Ibid., 93.20. Ibid., 95.21. Ibid.22. Trumbull, Autobiography of Colonel John Trumbull Autobiography of Colonel John Trumbull, 24.23. PWR, PWR,3:467. Letter to Major General Charles Lee, March 14, 1776.24. Flexner, George Washington, George Washington, 2:77. 2:77.25. WWR, WWR,221. Letter to John Augustine Washington, March 31, 1776.26. McCullough, 1776, 1776, 105. 105.27. Freeman, George Washington, George Washington, 4:55. 4:55.28. PWR, PWR, 3:494. Letter to Lieutenant Colonel Joseph Reed, March 19, 1776. 3:494. Letter to Lieutenant Colonel Joseph Reed, March 19, 1776.29. WWR, WWR,217. Letter to John Hanc.o.c.k, March 19, 1776.30. PWR, PWR,3:501-2. "Proclamation on the Occupation of Boston," March 21, 1776.31. Ibid., 3:514. Letter to John Morgan, March 22, 1776.32. Ibid., 3:566-69. Letter to John Augustine Washington, March 31, 1776.33. Stahr, John Jay, John Jay, 58. 58.34. Freeman, George Washington, George Washington, 4:91. 4:91.35. PWR, PWR,3:508. Letter from Josiah Quincy, March 21, 1776.36. Ibid., 3:528. Letter to Josiah Quincy, March 24, 1776.37. Fischer, Washington"s Crossing, Washington"s Crossing, 11. 11.38. WWR, WWR,220. Letter to John Augustine Washington, March 31, 1776.39. Golway, Washington"s General, Washington"s General, 80. 80.40. Stephenson, Patriot Battles, Patriot Battles, 230. 230.41. PWR, PWR,4:75. "General Orders," April 17, 1776.42. McCullough, 1776, 1776, 125. 125.43. Freeman, George Washington, George Washington, 4:5. 4:5.44. WWR, WWR,224. Letter to John Augustine Washington, May 31, 1776.45. Flexner, George Washington, George Washington, 2:93. 2:93.46. PWR, PWR,4:485. Letter from John Parke Custis, June 10, 1776.47. Ibid., 5:74.48. Ibid., 5:134. Letter to John Hanc.o.c.k, June 28, 1776.49. Chernow, Alexander Hamilton, Alexander Hamilton, 75. 75.50. PWR, PWR,5:129. "General Orders," June 28, 1776. 51*. Ibid.