Of our sins we make confession, Wealth and arrogance and pride; But our hosts, against oppression, March with Freedom"s flowing tide.
Father, speed them, Keep them, lead them, G.o.d of armies, be their guide.
Man of Sorrows! Thou hast sounded Every depth of human grief.
By Thy wounds, Oh, heal our wounded.
Give the fever"s fire relief.
Hear us crying For our dying, Of consolers be Thou chief.
Take the souls that die for duty In Thy tender pierced hand; Crown the faulty lives with beauty, Offered for their Fatherland.
All forgiving, With the living May they in Thy kingdom stand.
And if Victory should crown us, May we take it as from Thee As Thy nation deign to own us; Merciful and strong and free.
Endless praising To Thee raising, Ever Thine may England be!
Say their critics what they may, soldiers who compose such songs, and pen such testimonies, and conduct such services among themselves, seem scarcely the sort to "let h.e.l.l loose in South Africa!"
[Sidenote: _A big supper party._]
Of the prisoners of war thus long detained in durance vile nearly a thousand were decoyed into a special train the night before the Guards" Brigade reached Pretoria. These deluded captives in their simplicity supposed they were being taken into the town to be there set at liberty; but instead of that they were hurried by, and, with the panic-stricken Boers, away and yet away, into their remotest eastern fastnesses, there presumably to be retained as long as possible as a sort of guarantee that the vastly larger number of Boers we held prisoners should be still generously treated by us. They might also prove useful in many ways if terms of peace came to be negotiated. So vanished for months their visions of speedy freedom!
The rest who still remained within the prison fence, and were, of course, still unarmed, three days later were cruelly and treacherously sh.e.l.led by a Boer commando on a distant hill. The Boer guards detailed for duty at the prison had deserted their posts, and under the cover of the white flag, gone into Pretoria to surrender. Our men, therefore, who were practically free, awaiting orders, when thus unceremoniously sh.e.l.led, at once stampeded; and late on Thursday night about nine hundred of them, footsore and famished, arrived at Mr Goodwin"s house seeking shelter. He was apparently the only friend they knew in Pretoria, and to have a friend yet not to use him is, of course, absurd! So to his door they came in crowds, dragging with them the Boer Maxim gun, by which they had so long been overawed.
While tea and coffee for all this host were being hurriedly prepared by their slightly embarra.s.sed host, I sought permission from a staff officer to house the men for the night in our Wesleyan schoolrooms, and in the huge Caledonian Hall adjoining, which was at once commandeered for the purpose. I also requested that a supply of rations might at utmost speed be provided for them. Accordingly, not long before midnight a waggon arrived bringing by some fortunate misreading of my information, provisions, not for nine hundred hungry men, but for the whole three thousand prisoners whom we were supposed to have welcomed as our guests. It may seem incredible, but men who at that late hour had fallen fast asleep upon the floor, at the sound of that waggon"s wheels suddenly awoke; and still more wonderful to tell, when morning came those nine hundred men, of the rations for three thousand, had left untouched only a few paltry boxes of biscuits. A hospital patient recently recovered from fever once said to me, "I haven"t an appet.i.te for two, sir; I have an appet.i.te for ten!" And these released prisoners had evidently for that particular occasion borrowed the appet.i.te of that particular patient!
[Sidenote: _The Soldiers" Home._]
The Caledonian Hall above referred to is a specially commodious building, and could not have been more admirably adapted for use as a Soldiers" Home if expressly erected for that purpose. It was accordingly commandeered by the military governor to be so used, and for months it was the most popular establishment in town or camp. At Johannesburg a Wesleyan and an Anglican Home were opened, both rendering excellent service; but as this was run on undenominational lines, it was left without a rival. It is a most powerful sign of the times that our military chiefs now unhesitatingly interest themselves in the moral and spiritual welfare of the men under their command.
Some time before this Boer war commenced, on April 28, 1898, there was issued by the Commander-in-Chief of the British Army a memorandum which would have done no discredit to the Religious Tract Society if published as one of their mult.i.tudinous leaflets. A copy was supplied presumably to every soldier sent to Africa; and the first few sentences which refer to what may happily be regarded as steadily diminishing evils, read as follows:--
It will be the duty of company officers to point out to the men under their control, and particularly to young soldiers, the
_disastrous effect of giving way_
to habits of intemperance and immorality. The excessive use of intoxicating liquors unfits the soldier for active work, blunts his intelligence, and is a fruitful source of military crime. The man who leads a vicious life
_enfeebles his const.i.tution_
and exposes himself to the risk of contracting a disease of a kind which has of late made terrible ravages in the British army.
Many men spend a great deal of the short time of their service in the military hospitals, the wards of which are crowded with patients, a large number of whom are permanently disfigured and incapacitated from earning a livelihood in or out of the army.
Men tainted with this disease are
_useless while in the army_
and a burden to their friends after they have left it. Even those who do not altogether break down are unfit for service in the field, and would certainly be a source of weakness to their regiments, and a discredit to their comrades if employed in war.
[Ill.u.s.tration: _From a photograph by Mr Jones, Pretoria_
Soldiers" Home at Pretoria.]
As one of the most effectual ways of combating these evils, and of providing an answer to the oft-repeated prayer, "Lead us not into temptation," Soldiers" Homes are now being so freely multiplied, that the Wesleyan Church has itself established over thirty, at a total cost of more than 50,000.
[Sidenote: _Mr and Mrs...o...b..rn Howe._]
Some of those engaged in similar Christian work among the soldiers were gentlemen of ample private means who defrayed all their own expenses. Mr Anderson was thus attached to the Northumberland Fusiliers, and soon became a power for good among them. Mr and Mrs...o...b..rn Howe did a really remarkable work in providing Soldiers" Homes, which followed the men from place to place over almost the entire field covered by our military operations, including Pretoria, and though they received quite a long list of subscriptions their own private resources have for years been freely placed at the Master"s service, whether for work among soldiers or civilians.
When late on in the campaign it was intimated by certain officials that Lord Kitchener was not in sympathy with such work and would not grant such facilities for its prosecution as Lord Roberts had done, Mr Osborn Howe received the following reply to a letter of enquiry on that point:--
[Sidenote: _A letter from Lord Kitchener._]
I am directed by Lord Kitchener to acknowledge the receipt of your letter of January 3rd. His Lordship much regrets that you should have been led to imagine that his att.i.tude towards your work differs from that of Lord Roberts, and I am to inform you that so far from that being the case, he is very deeply impressed by the value of your work, and hopes that it may long continue and increase.
Yours faithfully, (Signed) W. H. CONGREVE, Major, _Private Secretary_.
Still more notable in this same connection is the fact that soon after Lord Roberts reached Cape Town to take supreme command, he caused to be issued the following most remarkable letter, which certainly marks a new departure in the usages of modern warfare, and carries us back in thought and spirit to the camps of Cromwell and his psalm-singing Ironsides, or to the times when Scotland"s Covenanters were busy guarding for us the religious light and liberty which are to-day our goodliest heritage.
[Sidenote: _Also from Lord Roberts._]
ARMY HEADQUARTERS, CAPE TOWN, _January 23rd_.
DEAR SIR,--I am desired by Lord Roberts to ask you to be so kind as to distribute to all ranks under your command the "Short Prayer for the use of Soldiers in the Field," by the Primate of Ireland, copies of which I now forward. His Lordship earnestly hopes that it may be helpful to all of Her Majesty"s soldiers who are now serving in South Africa.
Yours faithfully, (Signed) NEVILLE CHAMBERLAIN, Colonel, _Private Secretary_.
To the Commanding Officer.
*The Prayer.*
ALMIGHTY FATHER, I have often sinned against Thee. O wash me in the precious blood of the Lamb of G.o.d. Fill me with Thy Holy Spirit, that I may lead a new life. Spare me to see again those whom I love at home, or fit me for Thy presence in peace.
Strengthen us to quit ourselves like men in our right and just cause. Keep us faithful unto death, calm in danger, patient in suffering, merciful as well as brave, true to our Queen, our country, and our colours.
If it be Thy will, enable us to win victory for England, and above all grant us the better victory over temptation and sin, over life and death, that we may be more than conquerors through Him who loved us, and laid down His life for us, Jesus our Saviour, the Captain of the Army of G.o.d. Amen.
The general who officially invited all his troops to use such a prayer could not fail to prove a warm friend and patron of Soldiers" Homes; and to the Pretoria Home he came, not merely formally to declare it open, but to attend one of the many concerts given there, thus encouraging by his example both the workers and those for whom they worked. A supremely busy and burdened man, _that_ he made a part of his business; and surely he was wise, for one sober soldier is any day worth more than a dozen drunken ones.
The general who thus deliberately encouraged his troops to live devoutly, instead of being deemed by them on that account unsoldierly or fanatic, secured such a place in their confidence and affection as few even of the most magnetic leaders among men ever managed to obtain. The pet name by which they always spoke of him implied no approach to unseemly familiarity, but betokened the same kind of attachment as the veteran hosts of Napoleon the Great intended to express when they admiringly called their dread master "The Little Corporal." He amply justified their confidence in him, and they amply justified his confidence in them; and so on resigning his command in South Africa he spoke of these "my comrades," as he called them, in terms as gratifying as they are uncommon:--
I am very proud that I am able to record, with the most absolute truth, that the conduct of this army from first to last has been exemplary. Not one single case of serious crime has been brought to my notice--indeed, nothing that deserves the name of _crime_.
There has been no necessity for appeals or orders to the men to behave properly. I have trusted implicitly to their own soldierly feeling and good sense, and I have not trusted in vain. They bore themselves like heroes on the battlefield, and like gentlemen on all other occasions.
[Sidenote: _A song in praise of De Wet._]
Lord Lytton tells us that in the days of Edward the Confessor the rage for psalm singing was at its height in England so that sacred song excluded almost every other description of vocal music: but though in South Africa a similar trend revealed itself among the troops, their camp fire concerts, and the concerts in the Pretoria Soldiers" Home, were of an exclusively secular type. At one which it was my privilege to attend, Lady Roberts and her daughters were present as well as the general, who generously arranged for a cigar to be given to every man in the densely crowded hall when the concert closed. All the songs were by members of the general"s staff, and were excellent; but one, composed presumably by the singer, was topical and sensational in a high degree. It was ent.i.tled: "Long as the world goes round"; and one verse a.s.sured us concerning "Brother Boer," with only too near an approach to truth,
He"ll bury his mauser, And break all his vows, sir, Long as the world goes round!
Another verse reminded us of a still more melancholy fact which yet awakened no little mirth. It was in praise of De Wet, who in spite of his blue spectacles, seemed by far the most clear-sighted of all the Boer generals, and who, notwithstanding his illiteracy, was beyond all others well versed in the bewildering ways of the veldt. He apparently had no skill for the conducting of set battles, but for ambushing convoys, for capturing isolated detachments, for wrecking trains, and for himself eluding capture when fairly ringed round with keen pursuers beyond all counting, few could rival him. Like hunted Hereward, he seemed able to escape through a rat hole, and by his persistence in guerilla tactics not only seriously prolonged the war and enormously increased its cost, but also went far to make the desolation of his pet Republic complete. So there Lord Roberts sat and heard this sung by one of his staff:--
Of all the Boers we have come across yet, None can compare with this Christian De Wet; For him we seem quite unable to get-- (Though Hildyard and Broadwood, And our Soudanese Lord _should_)-- Long as the world goes round!