This voice that has been crying in Ireland, this voice for home rule, is a voice which is now supported by the opinion of the world; this impulse is a spirit which ought to be respected and recognized in the British Const.i.tution. It means not mere vague talk of men"s rights, men"s emotions, and men"s inveterate and traditional principles, but it means the embodiment of these things in something that is going to be done, that will look with hope to the programme that may come out of these conferences.
If those who conduct the Government of Great Britain are not careful the restlessness will spread with rapid agitation until the whole country is aflame, and then there will be revolution and a change of government.
In this speech he plainly indicated that his plan for the settlement of the Irish question was the establishment of some forum to which the cause of Ireland might be brought, where the full force of the public opinion of the world, including the United States, could be brought to play in a vigorous and whole-hearted insistence upon a solution of this world- disturbing question.
As we read the daily papers, containing accounts of the disturbances in Ireland, what a prophetic vision underlay the declaration contained in the speech of Woodrow Wilson in 1910!
If those who conduct the Government of Great Britain are not careful the restlessness will spread with rapid agitation until the whole country is aflame, and then there will be revolution and a change of government.
I recall his pa.s.sionate resentment of the att.i.tude and threats of Sir Edward Carson, leader of the Unionist forces in the British Parliament, when he read the following statement of Carson carried in the American Press, after the pa.s.sage of Home Rule through the House of Lords: "In the event of this proposed parliament being thrust upon us, we solemnly and mutually pledge ourselves not to recognize its authority. I do not care two pence whether this is treason or not."
Discussing Carson"s utterance the President said: "I would like to be in Mr. Asquith"s place. I would show this rebel whether he would recognize the authority of the Government or flaunt it. He ought to be hanged for treason. If Asquith does not call this gentleman"s bluff, the contagion of unrest and rebellion in Ireland will spread until only a major operation will save the Empire. Dallying with gentlemen of this kind who openly advocate revolution will only add to the difficulties. If those in authority in England will only act firmly now, their difficulties will be lessened. A little of the firmness and courage of Andrew Jackson would force a settlement of the Irish question right now."
The President did not agree with the friends of Irish freedom in America that coercive methods put upon England through the instrumentality of the United States could accomplish anything. When he left for the other side to take part in the Peace Conference, the future of Ireland was much in his thoughts, but his solution of the problem lay in the establishment of a forum under the League of Nations before which not only the cause of Ireland but the cause of any oppressed people might be brought to the judgment of mankind.
Ireland"s affairs were always in the background of the President"s thoughts and he welcomed conversations with those who were in a position to offer helpful suggestions. I append a correspondence, intimate in character and now for the first time "exposed to the public view," between the President, Mr. Sidney Brooks, a noted English writer, and myself:
Friday, April 20, 1917.
DEAR MR. PRESIDENT:
After several months in America I am now returning to England, returning, I need not say, in a very happy mood and with the consciousness that the relations between our two countries are at length set fair. There is nothing nearer to my heart than improving them, and I believe I see how they could be improved and particularly how the last great obstacle to their betterment--I mean, of course, Ireland--could be lessened, if not removed. I should very greatly value an opportunity of setting before you some views I have formed on the matter, if an opportunity could be found before the arrival of the British Commission.
I leave Washington on Sunday and sail for England on the following Sat.u.r.day, but not, I trust, without being able to pay you my respects and say my adieux in person.
Believe me, dear Mr. President,
Yours very sincerely, SIDNEY BROOKS.
THE PRESIDENT, The White House.
In forwarding this letter to the President, I accompanied it by the following note:
THE WHITE HOUSE WASHINGTON
April 20, 1917.
DEAR GOVERNOR:
I just had a little talk with Sidney Brooks who says he has been in correspondence with Lloyd George and Lord Northcliffe with reference to the Home Rule question. He believes that just a little push by you in your private talk with Mr. Balfour would put over home rule. He says if you could bring home to Balfour the amount of American public sentiment which favours it and how a denial of it is working to the disadvantage of England in this country, it would make a great impression. He says after the war there will of course be a great and generous cooperation between England and this country; but that there will never be genuine cooperation between the people of America and the people of England until the Irish question is settled.
Sincerely yours, TUMULTY.
The President replied to me in the following note:
DEAR TUMULTY:
Confidentially (for I beg that you will be careful not to speak of or intimate this), I have been doing a number of things about this which I hope may bear fruit.
THE PRESIDENT.
Mr. John D. Crimmins, a leading Irish sympathizer, addressed the following letter to the President:
Washington, D. C., April 28, 1917.
MY DEAR MR. PRESIDENT:
The press this morning leads to the impression that at some timely hour, in your own manner, you will have a word on the Irish problem that at this moment appears to be near solution.
It would be most timely and would have the heartfelt grat.i.tude of millions of people in this and other lands who have long hoped, and many prayed, for Ireland as a small nation to have autonomy, thereby establishing peace with England and among English-speaking people.
Then if an emergency should arise there would be all for one and one for all. Mr. President, you have gone a long step in that direction in declaring the rights of small nations--another step may be the means of reaching the goal for the Irish people.
Faithfully yours, JOHN D. CRIMMINS.
His Excellency, Woodrow Wilson.
The President read this letter with a great deal of interest and sent me the following note, evidencing his sincere interest in all that Mr.
Crimmins had said:
DEAR TUMULTY:
You are right about Mr. Crimmins having been a good friend, but I don"t like to write any letters on this subject at present. I would appreciate it very much if you would a.s.sure him of my interest and of your knowledge of the fact that I am showing in every way I possibly can my sympathy with the claim of Ireland for home rule.
THE PRESIDENT.
On December 3, 1919, Bishop Shahan, of the Catholic University, addressed a letter to the President in behalf of the rector and faculties of the Catholic University of America with reference to the question of Home Rule, to which the President replied:
THE WHITE HOUSE WASHINGTON
3 December, 1919.
MY DEAR BISHOP SHAHAN:
Allow me to acknowledge your letter of November 30th written in behalf of the rector and faculties of the Catholic University of America, and to say that it will be my endeavour in regard to every question which arises before the Peace Conference to do my utmost to bring about the realization of the principles to which your letter refers. The difficulties and delicacy of the task are very great, and I cannot confidently forecast what I can do. I can only say that I shall be watchful of every opportunity to insist upon the principles I have enunciated.
Cordially and sincerely yours, WOODROW WILSON.
The Rt. Rev. Thomas J. Shahan, Rector, Catholic University of America, Washington, D. C.
On December 3, 1918, he addressed a letter to Senator Thomas J. Walsh, of Montana, as follows:
THE WHITE HOUSE WASHINGTON
3 December, 1919.
MY DEAR SENATOR:
I appreciate the importance of a proper solution of the Irish question and thank you for the suggestions of your letter of yesterday. Until I get on the other side and find my footing in delicate matters of this sort I cannot forecast with any degree of confidence what influence I can exercise, but you may be sure that I shall keep this important interest in mind and shall use my influence at every opportunity to bring about a just and satisfactory solution.