Answer. 1. This makes nothing for the holiness which we lost in Adam: for the proof of which you bring that text (Acts 5:31).
2. But for Christ to take way guilt, and the curse, from before the face of G.o.d, is one thing; and to make that discovery, is another.
3. Again, Christ doth not give forgiveness for the sake of that repentance, which hath its rise, originally from the dictates of our own nature, which is the thing you are to prove; for that repentance is called the sorrow of this world, and must be again repented of: but the repentance mentioned in the text, is that which comes from Christ: But,
4. It cannot be for the sake of gospel-repentance, that the forgiveness of sins is manifested, because both are his peculiar gift.
5. Therefore, both faith, and repentance, and forgiveness of sins, are given by Christ; and come to us, for the sake of that blessed offering of his body, once for all. For after he arose from the dead, having led captivity captive, and taken the curse from before the face of G.o.d: therefore his Father gave him gifts for men, even all the things that are necessary, and effectual, for our conversion, and preservation in this world, &c. (Eph 4:8).
This text, therefore, with all the rest you bring, falleth short of the least shew of proof, "That the great errand for which Christ came into the world was--to put us in possession of the holiness that we had lost."
Your third chapter is as empty of the proof of your design as that through which we have pa.s.sed: there being not one scripture therein cited, that giveth the least intimation, that ever it entered into the heart of Christ to put us again into possession of that holiness which we had before we were converted: for such was that we lost in Adam.
You tell us the sum of all is, "that we are commanded to add to our faith, virtue," &c. (p. 25). I suppose you intend a gospel faith, which if you can prove Adam had before the fall, and that we lost this faith in him; and also that this gospel faith is none other, but that which originally ariseth from, or is the dictates of human nature, I will confess you have scripture, and knowledge beyond me. In the mean time you must suffer me to tell you, you are as far in this from the mind of the Holy Ghost, as if you had yet never in all your days heard whether there be a Holy Ghost or no.
Add to your faith. The apostle here lays a gospel principle, viz., Faith in the Son of G.o.d: which faith layeth hold of the forgiveness of sins, alone for the sake of Christ; therefore he is a great way off, of laying the purity of the human nature, the law, as written in the heart of natural man, as the principle of holiness; from whence is produced good works in the soul of the G.o.dly.
In your fourth chapter also (p. 28) even in the beginning thereof; even with one text you have overthrown your whole book.
This chapter is to prove, that the only design of the promises, and threatenings of the gospel, is to promote, and put us again in possession of the holiness we had lost. For that the reader must still remember, is the only design of your book (p. 12). Whereas the first text you speak of (2 Peter 1:4), maketh mention of the Divine nature, or of the Spirit of the living G.o.d, which is also received by the precious faith of Christ, and the revelation of the knowledge of him; this blessed Spirit, and therefore not the dictates of human nature, is the principle that is laid in the G.o.dly: but Adam"s holiness had neither the knowledge, or faith, or Spirit of the Lord Jesus, as its foundation, or principle: yea, nature was his foundation, even his own nature was the original, from whence his righteousness and good works arose.
The next scriptures also, viz. 2 Corinthians 7:1; Romans 12:1 overthrow you; for they urge the promises as motives to stir us up to holiness. But Adam had neither the Spirit of Jesus, or faith him in him, as a principle: nor any promises to him as motives: wherefore this was not that to which he, or which we Christians are exhorted to seek the possession of; but that which is operated by that Spirit which we receive by the faith of Jesus, and that which is encouraged by those promises, that G.o.d hath since given to them that have closed by faith with Jesus.
The rest also (in p. 29), not one of them doth promise us the possession of the holiness we have lost, or any mercy to them that have it.
You add: "And whereas the promises of pardon, and of eternal life are very frequently made to believing; there is nothing more evidently declared, than that this faith is such as purifieth the heart, and is productive of good works" (p.30).
Answer. 1. If the promise be made at all to believing, it is not made to us upon the account of the holiness we had lost; for I tell you yet again, that holiness is not of faith, neither was faith the effect thereof. But,
2. The promises of pardon, though they be made to such a faith as is fruitful in good works: yet not to it, as it is fruitful in doing, but in receiving good. Sir, the quality of justifying faith is this, Not to work, but to believe, as to the business of pardon of sin: and that not only, because of the sufficiency that this faith sees in Christ to justify, but also for that it knows those whom G.o.d thus pardoneth, he justifieth as unG.o.dly. "But to him that worketh not, but believeth"; (Mark, here faith and works are opposed) "But to him that worketh not, but believeth on him that justifieth the unG.o.dly, his faith is counted for righteousness"
(Rom 4:5).
You add farther, "That the promises may be reduced to these three heads; that of the Holy Spirit, of remission of sins, and eternal happiness, in the enjoyment of G.o.d" (p. 30).
Answer. If you can prove that any of these promises were made to the holiness that we had lost, or that by these promises we are to be possessed with that holiness again; I will even now lay down the bucklers. For albeit, the time will come when the saints shall be absolutely, and perfectly sinless; yet then shall they be also spiritual, immortal, and incorruptible, which you cannot prove Adam was, in the best of his holiness, even that which we lost in him.
The threatenings you speak of[16] are every one made against sin, but not one of them to drive us into a possession of that holiness that we had lost: nay, contrariwise, he that looks to, or seeks after that, is as sure to be d.a.m.ned, and go to h.e.l.l, as he that transgresseth the law; because that is not the righteousness of G.o.d, the righteousness of Christ, the righteousness of faith, nor that to which the promise is made.
And this was manifested to the world betimes, even in that day, when G.o.d drove the man and his wife out of Eden, and placed cherubims, and a flaming sword, in the way by which they came out, to the end, that by going back by that way, they might rather be killed and die, than lay hold of the "tree of life" (Gen 3).
Which the apostle also respects, when he calleth the way of the gospel, the NEW and LIVING way, even that which is made by the blood of Christ (Heb 10:20); concluding by this description of the way that is by blood, that the other is old, and the way of death, even that which is by the moral law, or the dictates of our nature, or by that fond conceit of the goodly holiness of Adam.
[Our Lord"s object not merely to restore man"s natural holiness, but to impart his own infinite and eternal holiness to those that believe.]
Your fifth chapter tells us, "That the promoting of holiness was the design of our Saviour"s whole life and conversation among men"
(p. 36).
Answer. 1. Were this granted, it reacheth nothing at all the design for which you in your way present us with it: For,
2. That which you have a.s.serted is: That the errand about which Christ came, was, as the effecting our deliverance out of that sinful state we had brought ourselves into, so to put us again in possession of that holiness which we had lost; for that, you say, is the business of your book (p. 12). Wherefore you should have told us in the head of this chapter, not so much that our Saviour designed the promoting of holiness in general by his life, but that the whole design of our Saviour"s life and conversation, was to put us again into possession of that holiness which we had lost, into a possession of that natural, old covenant, figurative, ignorant holiness. But it seems you count that there is no other than that now lost, but never again to be obtained holiness, that was in Adam.
3. Farther, you also falter here, as to the stating of the proposition; for in the beginning of your book, you state it thus: That the enduing men with inward real righteousness, or true holiness, was the ultimate end of our Saviour"s coming into the world, still meaning the holiness we lost in Adam. You should therefore in this place also, have minded your reader of this your proposition, and made it manifest if you could, "that the ultimate end of our Saviour"s whole life and conversation, was the enduing men with this Adamitish holiness." But holiness, and that holiness, is alone with you; and to make it his end, and whole end; his business, and the whole business of his life; is but the same with you.
But you must know, that the whole life and conversation of our Saviour, was intended for another purpose, than to drive us back to, or to endue us with, such an holiness and righteousness as I have proved this to be.
You have therefore, in this your discourse, put an insufferable affront upon the Son of G.o.d, in making all his life and conversation to centre and terminate in the holiness we had lost: As if the Lord Jesus was sent down from heaven, and the word of G.o.d made flesh; that by a perfect life and conversation, he might shew us how holy Adam was before he fell; or what an holiness that our holiness was, which we had before we were converted.
Your discourse therefore, of the life and conversation of the Lord Jesus, is none other than heathenish: For you neither treat of the principle, his G.o.dhead, by which he did his works; neither do you in the least, in one syllable, aver the first, the main and prime reason of this his conversation; only you treat of it so far, as a mean man might have considered it. And indeed it stood not with your design to treat aright with these things; for had you mentioned the first, though but once, your Babel had tumbled about your ears; for if in the holy Jesus did "dwell the word," one of the three in heaven; or if the Lord and Saviour Jesus Christ was truly, essentially, and naturally G.o.d; then must the principle from whence his works did proceed, be better than the principle from whence proceeded the goodness in Adam; otherwise Adam must be G.o.d and man. Also you do, or may know that the self-same act may be done from several principles: and again, that it is the principle from whence the act is done, and not the bare doing of the act, that makes it better or worse accepted, in the eyes either of G.o.d or men.
Now then, to shew you the main, or chief design of the life and conversation of the Lord Jesus.
First, It was not to shew us what an excellent holiness we once had in Adam, but that thereby G.o.d, the Eternal Majesty, according to his promise, might be seen by, and dwell with, mortal men: For the G.o.dhead being altogether in its own nature invisible, and yet desirous to be seen by, and dwell with the children of men; therefore was the Son, who is the self-same substance with the Father, closed with, or tabernacled in our flesh; that in that flesh, the nature and glory of the G.o.dhead might be seen by, and dwell with us: "The word was made flesh, and dwelt among us, [and we beheld his glory, (what glory? the glory,) as of the only begotten of the Father] full of grace and truth" (John 1:14). Again, "The life [that is, the life of G.o.d, in the works and conversation of Christ] was manifested, and we have seen it, and bear witness, and shew unto you that eternal life, which was with the Father, and was manifested unto us" (1 John 1:2). And hence he is called the image of the invisible G.o.d (Col 1:15); or he by whom the invisible G.o.d is most perfectly presented to the sons of men.
Did I say before, that the G.o.d of glory is desirous to be seen of us? Even so also, have the pure in heart, a desire that it should be so: "Lord, say they, shew us the Father, and it sufficeth us"
(John 14:8). And therefore the promise is for their comfort, that "they shall see G.o.d" (Matt 5:8). But how then must they see him?
Why, in the person, and by the life and works of Jesus. When Philip, under a mistake, thought of seeing G.o.d some other way, than in and by this Lord Jesus Christ; What is the answer? "Have I been so long time with you, [saith Christ] and yet hast thou not known me, Philip? He that hath seen me, hath seen the Father; and how sayest thou then, Shew us the Father? Believest thou not that I am in the Father, and the Father in me? The words that I speak unto you I speak not of myself: but the Father, that dwelleth in me, he doth the works. Believe me, that I am in the Father, and the Father in me; or else believe me for the very works" sake"
(John 14:9-11). See here, that both the words and works of the Lord Jesus, were not to shew you, and so to call you back to the holiness that we had lost, but to give us visions of the perfections that are in the Father. He hath given us "the knowledge of the glory of G.o.d, in the face of Jesus Christ" (2 Cor 4:6). And hence it is, that the apostle, in that brief collection of the wonderful mystery of G.o.dliness, placeth this in the front thereof: "G.o.d was manifest in the flesh" (1 Tim 3:16). Was manifest, viz. In and by the person of Christ, when in the flesh he lived among us; manifest, I say, for this, as one reason, that the pure in heart, who long after nothing more, might see him. "I beseech thee," said Moses, "shew me thy glory."[17] "and will G.o.d indeed dwell with men on the earth?" saith Solomon.
Now to fulfil the desires of them that fear him, hath he shewed himself in flesh unto them; which discovery princ.i.p.ally is made by the words and works of Christ. But,
Second, Christ by his words and works of righteousness, in the days of his flesh, neither shewed us which was, nor called us back to the possession of the holiness that we had lost; but did perfect, in, and by himself, the law for us, that we had broken. Man being involved in sin and misery, by reason of transgression committed against the law, or ministration of death, and being utterly unable to recover himself therefrom, the Son of G.o.d himself a.s.sumeth the flesh of man, and for sin condemned sin in that flesh. And that first, by walking, through the power of his eternal Spirit, in the highest perfection to every point of the whole law, in its most exact and full requirements; which was to be done, not only without commixing sin in his doing, but by one that was perfectly without the least being of it in his nature; yea, by one that now as G.o.d-Man, because it was G.o.d whose law was broken, and whose justice was offended: For, were it now possible to give a man possession of that holiness that he hath lost in Adam, that holiness could neither in the principle nor act deliver from the sin by him before committed. This is evident by many reasons: 1. Because it is not a righteousness able to answer the demands of the law for sin; that requiring not only a perfect abiding in the thing commanded, but a satisfaction by death, for the transgression committed against the law. "The wages of sin is death" (Rom 6:23). Wherefore he that would undertake the salvation of the world, must be one who can do both these things; one that can perfectly do the demands of the law in thought, word, and deed, without the least commixture of the least sinful thought in the whole course of his life: He must be also able to give by death, even by the death that hath the curse of G.o.d in it, a complete satisfaction to the law for the breach thereof. Now this could none but Christ accomplish; none else having power to do it. "I have power [said he] to lay down my life, and I have power to take it again: And this commandment have I received of my Father" (John 10:18). This work then must be done, not by another earthly Adam, but by the Lord from Heaven; by one that can abolish sin, destroy the devil, kill death, and rule as Lord in heaven and earth. Now the words and works of the Lord Jesus, declared him to be such an one. He was first without sin; then he did no sin; neither could either the devil, the whole world, or the law, find any deceit in his mouth: But by being under the law, and walking in the law, by that Spirit which was the Lord G.o.d of the law, he not only did always the things that pleased the Father, but by that means in man"s flesh, he did perfectly accomplish and fulfil that law which all flesh stood condemned by. It is a foolish and an heathenish thing, nay worse, to think that the Son of G.o.d should only, or specially fulfil, or perfect the law, and the prophets, by giving more and higher instances of moral duties than were before expressly given (p.
17). This would have been but the lading of men with heavy burthens.
But know then, whoever thou art that readest, that Christ"s exposition of the law was more to shew thee the perfection of his own obedience, than to drive thee back to the holiness thou hadst lost; for G.o.d sent him to fulfil it, by doing it, and dying to the most sore sentence it could p.r.o.nounce: not as he stood a single person, but common,[18] as Mediator between G.o.d and man; making up in himself the breach that was made by sin, betwixt G.o.d and the world. For,
Third, He was to die as a lamb, as a lamb without blemish, and without spot, according to the type; "Your lamb shall be without blemish" (Exo 12:5). But because there was none such to be found BY and AMONG all the children of men; therefore G.o.d sent HIS from heaven. Hence John calls him the Lamb of G.o.d (John 1:29), and Peter him that was without spot, who washed us by his blood (1 Peter 1:19). Now wherein doth it appear that he was without spot and blemish, but as he walked in the law? These words therefore without spot are the sentence of the law, who searching him could find nothing in him why he should be slain, yet he died because there was sin: Sin! where? Not in him, but in his people; "For the transgression of my people was he stricken" (Isa 53:8). He died then for our sins, and qualified himself so to do, by coming sinless into the world, and by going sinless through it; for had he not done both these, he must have died for himself. But being G.o.d, even in despite of all that stumble at him, he conquered death, the devil, sin, and the curse, by himself, and then sat down at the right hand of G.o.d.
Fourth, And because he hath a second part of his priestly office to do in heaven; therefore it was thus requisite that he should thus manifest himself to be holy and harmless, undefiled, and separate from sinners on the earth (Heb 7:26). As Aaron first put on the holy garments, and then went into the holiest of all. The life, therefore, and conversation of our Lord Jesus, was to shew us with what a curious robe and girdle he went into the holy place; and not to shew us with what an Adamitish holiness he would possess his own. "Such an high priest became us, who is holy, harmless, undefiled, separate from sinners, and made higher than the heavens"; that he might always be accepted, both in person and offering, when he presenteth his blood to G.o.d, the atonement for sin. Indeed in some things he was an example to us to follow him; but mark, it was not as he was Mediator, not as he was under the law to G.o.d, not as he died for sin, nor as he maketh reconciliation for iniquity.
But in these things consist the life of our soul, and the beginning of our happiness. He was then exemplary to us, as he carried it meekly and patiently, and self-denyingly towards the world: But yet not so neither to any but such to whom he first offered justification by the means of his righteousness; for before he saith "learn of me," he saith, "I will give you rest"; rest from the guilt of sin, and fear of everlasting burnings (Matt 11). And so Peter first tells us, he died for our sins; and next, that he left us an example (1 Peter 2:21). But should it be granted that the whole of Christ"s life and conversation among men was for our example, for no other end at all, but that we should learn to live by his example, yet it would not follow, but be as far from truth as the ends of the earth are asunder, that by this means he sought to possess us with the holiness we had lost, for that he had not in himself; it is true he was born without sin, yet born G.o.d and man; he lived in the world without sin, but he lived as G.o.d-Man: he walked in and up to the law, but it was as G.o.d-Man.
Neither did his manhood, even in those acts of goodness, which as to action, most properly respected it; do ought without, but by and in conjunction with his G.o.dhead: Wherefore all and every whit of the righteousness and good that he did was that of G.o.d-Man, the righteousness of G.o.d. But this was not Adam"s principle, nor any holiness that we had lost.
Your fifth chapter, therefore, consisteth of words spoken to the air.
Your sixth chapter tells us, "That to make men truly virtuous and holy, was the design of Christ"s inimitable actions, or mighty works and miracles, and these did only tend to promote it" (p.
68).
He neither did, nor needed, so much as one small piece of a miracle to persuade men to seek for the holiness which they had lost, or to give them again possession of that; for that as I have shewed, though you would fain have it otherwise, is not at all the Christian or gospel righteousness. Wherefore, in one word, you are as short by this chapter to prove your natural old covenant, promiseless, figurative holiness, to be here designed, as if you had said so much as amounts to nothing. Farther, Christ needed not to work a miracle to persuade men to fall in love with themselves, and their own natural dictates; to persuade them that they have a purity of the human nature in them; or that the holiness which they have lost, is the only true, real, and substantial holiness: These things, both corrupted nature and the devil, have of a long time fastened, and fixed in their minds.
His miracles therefore tend rather to take men off of the pursuit after the righteousness or holiness that we had lost, and to confirm unto us the truth of a far more excellent and blessed thing; to wit, the righteousness of G.o.d, of Christ, of faith, of the Spirit, which that you speak of never knew; neither is it possible that he should know it who is hunting for your sound complexion, your purity of human nature, or its dictates, as the only true, real, and substantial righteousness. "They are ignorant of G.o.d"s righteousness, that go about to establish their own righteousness"; and neither have, nor can, without a miracle, submit themselves unto the righteousness of G.o.d. They cannot submit themselves thereto; talk thereof they may, notion it they may, profess it too they may; but for a man to submit himself thereto, is by the might power of G.o.d.
Miracles and signs are for them that believe not (1 Cor 14:22).
Why for them? That they might believe; therefore their state is reckoned fearful that have not yet believed for all his wondrous works. And though he did so many miracles among them, yet they believed him not (John 12:37-40). But what should they believe?
That Jesus is the true Messias, the Christ that should come into the world. Do you say that I blaspheme (saith Christ) because I said I am the Son of G.o.d: "If I do not the works of my Father believe me not; but if I do, though ye believe not me believe the works: that ye may know, and believe that the Father is in me, and I in him" (John 10:37,38). But what is it to believe that he is Messias, or Christ? Even to believe that this man Jesus was ordained and appointed of G.o.d (and that before all worlds) to be the Saviour of men, by accomplishing in himself an everlasting righteousness for them, and by bearing their sins in his body on the tree; that it was he that was to reconcile us to G.o.d, by the body of his flesh, when he hanged on the cross. This is the doctrine that at the beginning Christ preached to that learned ignorant Nicodemus. "As Moses [said he] lifted up the serpent in the wilderness, even so must the Son of Man be lifted up, that whosoever believeth in him should not perish, but have eternal life" (John 3:14,15).
The serpent was lifted up upon a pole (Num 21:9): "Christ was hanged on a tree." The serpent was lifted up for murmurers: Christ was hanged up for sinners: The serpent was lifted up for them that were bitten with fiery serpents, the fruits of their wicked murmuring: Christ was hanged up for them that are bitten with guilt, the rage of the devil, and the fear of death and wrath: The serpent was hanged up to be looked on: Christ was hanged up that we might believe in him, that we might have faith in his blood: They that looked upon the serpent of bra.s.s lived: They that believe in Christ shall be saved, and shall never perish. Was the serpent then lifted up for them that were good and G.o.dly? No, but for the sinners: "So G.o.d commended his love to us, in that, while we were yet sinners Christ died for us." But what if they that were stung, could not, because of the swelling of their face, look up to the brazen serpent? then without remedy they die: So he that believeth not in Christ shall be d.a.m.ned. But might they not be healed by humbling themselves? one would think that better than to live by looking up only: No, only looking up did it, when death swallowed up them that looked not. This then is the doctrine, "Christ came into the world to save sinners": according to the proclamation of Paul, "Be it known unto you therefore, men and brethren, that through this man is preached unto you the forgiveness of sins; And by him all that believe are justified from all things, from which ye could not be justified by the law of Moses." The forgiveness of sins: But what is meant by forgiveness? Forgiveness doth strictly respect the debt, or punishment that by sin we have brought upon ourselves. But how are we by this man forgiven this? Because by his blood he hath answered the justice of the law, and so made amends to an offended majesty. Besides, this man"s righteousness is made over to him that looks up to him for life; yea, that man is made the righteousness of G.o.d in him. This is the doctrine that the miracles were wrought to confirm, and that, both by Christ, and his apostles, and not that holiness and righteousness, that is the fruit of a feigned purity of our nature.
Take two or three instances for all.
First, "Then came the Jews round about him, and said unto him, How long dost thou make us to doubt? If thou be the Christ, tell us plainly. Jesus answered them, I told you, and ye believed not; the works that I do in my Father"s name, they bear witness of me.
But ye believe not, because ye are not of my sheep" (John 10:24-26).
By this scripture the Lord Jesus testifies what was the end of his words and wondrous works, viz. That men might know that he was the Christ; that he was sent of G.o.d to be the Saviour of the world; and that these miracles required of them, first of all, that they accept of him by believing; a thing little set by, by our author, first in p. 299 he preferreth his doing righteousness far before it, and above all things else, his words are verbatim thus, "Let us exercise ourselves unto real and substantial G.o.dliness, [such as he hath described in the first part of his book, viz.