Chapter XI.
From the Sandwich Islands to the Polar Circle.
The Halbrane, singularly favoured by the weather, sighted the New South Orkneys group in six days after she had sailed from the Sandwich Islands. This archipelago was discovered by Palmer, an American, and Bothwell, an Englishman, jointly, in 1821-22. Crossed by the sixtyfirst parallel, it is comprehended between the forty-fourth and the forty, seventh meridian.
On approaching, we were enabled to observe contorted ma.s.ses and steep cliffs on the north side, which became less rugged as they neared the coast, at whose edge lay enormous ice-floes, heaped together in formidable confusion; these, before two months should have expired, would be drifted towards the temperate waters. At that season the whaling ships would appear to carry on the taking of the great blowing creatures, while some of their crews would remain on the islands to capture seals and seaelephants.
In order to avoid the strait, which was enc.u.mbered with islets and ice-floes, Captain Len Guy first cast anchor at the south-eastern extremity of Laurie Island, where he pa.s.sed the day on the 24th; then, having rounded Cape Dundas, he sailed along the southern coast of Coronation Island, where the schooner anch.o.r.ed on the 25th. Our close and careful researches produced no result as regarded the sailors of the Jane.
The islands and islets were peopled by mult.i.tudes of birds. Without taking the penguins into account, those guano-covered rocks were crowded with white pigeons, a species of which I had already seen some specimens. These birds have rather short, conical beaks, and red-rimmed eyelids; they can be knocked over with little difficulty. As for the vegetable kingdom in the New South Orkneys, it is represented only by grey lichen and some scanty seaweeds. Mussels are found in great abundance all along the rocks; of these we procured an ample supply.
The boatswain and his men did not lose the opportunity of killing several dozens of penguins with their sticks, not from a ruthless instinct of destruction, but from the legitimate desire to procure fresh food.
"Their flesh is just as good as chicken, Mr. Jeorling," said Hurliguerly. "Did you not eat penguin at the Kerguelens?"
"Yes, boatswain, but it was cooked by Arkins."
"Very well, then; it will be cooked by Endicott here, and you will not know the difference." forecastle, were regaled with penguin, and acknowledged the merits of our excellent sea-cook.
The Halbrane sailed on the 26th of November, at six o"clock in the morning, heading south. She reascended the forty-third meridian; this we were able to ascertain very exactly by a good observation. This route it was that Weddell and then William Guy had followed, and, pro,vided the schooner did not deflect either to the east or the west, she must inevitably come to Tsalal Island. The difficulties of navigation had to be taken into account, of course.
The wind, continuing to blow steadily from the west, was in our favour, and if the present speed of the Halbrane could be maintained, as I ventured to suggest to Captain Len Guy, the voyage from the South Orkneys to the Polar Circle would be a short one. Beyond, as I knew, we should have to force the gate of the thick barrier of icebergs, or to discover a breach in that ice-fortress.
"So that, in less than a month, captain--" I suggested, tentatively.
"In less than a month I hope to have found the iceless sea which Weddell and Arthur Pym describe so fully, beyond the ice-wall, and thenceforth we need only sail on under ordinary conditions to Bennet Island in the first place, and afterwards to Tsalal Island. Once on that "wide open sea," what obstacle could arrest or even r.e.t.a.r.d our progress?"
"I can foresee none, captain, so soon as we shall get to the back of the ice-wall. The pa.s.sage through is the difficult point; it must be our chief source of anxietys and if only the wind holds--"
"It will hold, Mr. Jeorling. All the navigators of the austral seas have been able to ascertain, as I myself have done, the permanence of this wind."
"That is true, and I rejoice in the a.s.surance, captain. Besides, I acknowledge, without shrinking from the admission, that I am beginning to be superst.i.tious."
"And why not, Mr. Jeorling? What is there unreason. able in admitting the intervention of a supernatural power in the most ordinary circ.u.mstances of life? And we, who sail the Halbrane, should we venture to doubt it? Recall to your mind our meeting with the unfortunate Patterson on our ship"s course, the fragment of ice carried into the waters where wewere, and dissolved immediately afterwards. Were not these facts providential ? Nay, I go farther still, and am sure that, after having done so much to guide us towards our compatriots, G.o.d will not abandon us--"
"I think as you think, captain. No, His intervention is not to be denied, and I do not believe that chance plays the part a.s.signed to it by superficial minds upon the stage of human life. All the facts are united by a mysterious chain."
"A chain, Mr. Jeorling, whose first link, so far as we are concerned, is Patterson"s ice-block, and whose last will be Tsalal Island. Ah! My brother! my poor brother! Left there for eleven years, with his companions in misery, without being able to entertain the hope that succour ever could reach them! And Patterson carried far away from them, under we know not what conditions, they not knowing what had become of him! If my heart is sick when I think of these catastrophes, Mr. Jeorling, at least it will not fail me unless it be at the moment when my brother throws himself into my arms."
So then we two were agreed in our trust in Providence. It had been made plain to us in a manifest fashion that G.o.d had entrusted us with a mission, and we would do all that might be humanly possible to accomplish it.
The schooner"s crew, I ought to mention, were animated by the like sentiments, and shared the same hopes. I allude to the original seamen who were so devoted to their captain. As for the new ones, they were probably indifferent to the result of the enterprise, provided it should secure the profits promised to them by their engagement.
At least, I was a.s.sured by the boatswain that such was the case, but with the exception of Hunt. This man had apparently not been induced to take service by the bribe of high wages or prize money. He was absolutely silent on that and every other subject.
"If he does not speak to you, boatswain," I said, "neither does he speak to me."
"Do you know, Mr. Jeorling, what it is my notion that man has already done?"
"Tell me, Hurliguerly."
"Well, then, I believe he has gone far, far into the southern seas, let him be as dumb as a fish about it. Why he is dumb is his own affair. But if that sea-hog of a man has not been inside the Antarctic Circle and even the ice wall by a good dozen degrees, may the first sea we ship carry me overboard."
"From what do you judge, boatswain?"
"From his eyes, Mr. Jeorling, from his eyes. No matter at what moment, let the ship"s head be as it may, those eyes of his are always on the south, open, unwinking, fixed like guns in position."
Hurliguerly did not exaggerate, and I had already remarked this. To employ an expression of Edgar Poe"s, Hunt had eyes like a falcon"s.
"When he is not on the watch," resumed the boatswain, "that savage leans all the time with his elbows on the side, as motionless as he is mute. His right place would be at the end of our bow, where he would do for a figurehead to the Halbrane, and a very ugly one at that! And then, when he is at the helm, Mr. Jeorling, just observe him! His enormous hands clutch the handles as though they were fastened to the wheel; he gazes at the binnacle as though the magnet of the compa.s.s were drawing his eyes. I pride myself on being a good steersman, but as for being the equal of Hunt, I"m not! With him, not for an instant does the needle vary from the sailing-line, however rough a lurch she may give. I am sure that if the binnacle lamp were to go out in the night Hunt would not require to relight it. The fire in his eyes would light up the dial and keep him right."
For several days our navigation went on in unbroken monotony, without a single incident, and under favourable conditions. The spring season was advancing, and whales began to make their appearance in large numbers.
In these waters a week would suffice for ships of heavy tonnage to fill their casks with the precious oil. Thus the new men of the crew, and especially the Americans, did not conceal their regret for the captain"s indifference in the presence of so many animals worth their weight in gold, and more abundant than they had ever seen whales at that period of the year. The leading malcontent was Hearne, a sealing-master, to whom his companions were ready to listen. He had found it easy to get the upper hand of the other sailors by his rough manner and the surly audacity that was expressed by his whole personality. Hearne was an American, and forty-five years of age. He was an active, vigorous man, and I could see him in my mind"s eye, standing up on his double bowed whaling-boat brandishing the harpoon, darting it into the flank of a whale, and paying out the rope. He must have been fine to see. Granted his pa.s.sion for this business, I could not be surprised that his discontent showed itself upon occasion.
In any case, however, our schooner was not fitted out for fishing, and the implements of whaling were not on board.
One day, about three o"clock in the afternoon, I had gone forward to watch the gambols of a "school" of the huge sea mammals. Hearne was pointing them out to his companions, and muttering in disjointed phrases,-- "There, look there! That"s a fin-back! There"s another, and another; three of them with their dorsal fins five or six feet high. Just see them swimming between two waves, quietly, making no jumps. Ah l if I had a harpoon, I bet my head that I could send it into one of the four yellow spots they have on their bodies. But there"s nothing to be done in this traffic-box; one cannot stretch one"s arms. Devil take it! In these seas it is fishing we ought to be at, not--"
Then, stopping short, he swore a few oaths, and cried out, "And that other whale!"
"The one with a hump like a dromedary?" asked a sailor.
"Yes. It is a humpback," replied Hearne. "Do you make out its wrinkled belly, and also its long dorsal fin? They"re not easy to take, those humpbacks, for they go down into great depths and devour long reaches of your lines. Truly, we deserve that he should give us a switch of his tail on our side, since we don"t send a harpoon into his."
"Look out! Look out!" shouted the boatswain. This was not to warn us that we were in danger of receiving the formidable stroke of the humpback"s tail which the sealing-master had wished us. No, an enormous blower had come alongside the schooner, and almost on the instant a spout of ill-smelling water was ejected from its blow-hole with a noise like a distant roar of artillery. The whole foredeck to the main hatch was inundated.
"That"s well done!" growled Hearne, shrugging his shoulders, while his companions shook themselves and cursed the humpback.
Besides these two kinds of cetacea we had observed several right-whales, and these are the most usually met with in the southern seas. They have no fins, and their blubber is very thick. The taking of these fat monsters of the deep is not attended with much danger. The right-whales are vigorously pursued in the southern seas, where the little sh.e.l.l fish called "whales" food" abound. The whales subsist entirely upon these small crustaceans.
Presently, one of these right-whales, measuring sixty feet in length--that is to say, the animal was the equivalent of a hundred barrels of oil--was seen floating within three cables" lengths of the schooner.
"Yes! that"s a right-whale," exclaimed Hearne. "You might tell it by its thick, short spout. See, that one on the port side, like a column of smoke, that"s the spout of a right-whale! And all this is pa.s.sing before our very noses--a dead loss! Why, it"s like emptying money-bags into the sea not to fill one"s barrels when one can. A nice sort of captain, indeed, to let all this merchandise be lost, and do such wrong to his crew!"
"Hearne," said an imperious voice, "go up to the maintop. You will be more at your ease there to reckon the whales."
"But, sir--"
"No reply, or I"ll keep you up there until to-morrow. Come--be off at once."
And as he would have got the worst of an attempt at resistance, the sealing-master obeyed in silence.
The season must have been abnormally advanced, for although we continued to see a vast number of testaceans, we did not catch sight of a single whaling-ship in all this fishing-ground.
I hasten to state that, although we were not to be tempted by whales, no other fishing was forbidden on board the I-lalbrane, and our daily bill of fare profited by the boatswain"s trawling lines, to the extreme satisfaction of stomachs weary of salt meat. Our lines brought us goby, salmon, cod, mackerel, conger, mullet, and parrot-fish.
The birds which we saw, and which came from every point of the horizon, were those I have already mentioned, petrels, divers, halcyons, and pigeons in countless flocks. I also saw--but beyond aim--a giant petrel; its dimensions were truly astonishing. This was one of those called "quebrantahnesos" by the Spaniards. This bird of the Magellanlan waters is very remarkable; its curved and slender wings have a span of from thirteen to fourteen feet, equal to that of the wings of the great albatross. Nor is the latter wanting among these powerful winged creatures; we saw the dusky-plumed albatross of the cold lat.i.tudes, sweeping towards the glacial zone.
On the 30th of November, after observation taken at noon, it was found that we had reached 66A 23aE 3aE of lat.i.tude.
The Halbrane had then crossed the Polar Circle which circ.u.mscribes the area of the Antarctic zone.
Chapter XII.
Between the Polar Circle and the Ice Wall.
Since the Halbrane has pa.s.sed beyond the imaginary curve drawn at twenty-three and a half degrees from the Pole, it seems as though she had entered a new region, "that region of Desolation and Silence," as Edgar Poe says; that magic person of splendour and glory in which the Eleanora"s singer longed to be shut up to all eternity; that immense ocean of light ineffable.
It is my belief--to return to less fanciful hypotheses--that the Antarctic region, with a superficies of more than five millions of square miles, has remained what our spheroid was during the glacial period. In the summer, the southern zone, as we all know, enjoys perpetual day, owing to the rays projected by the orb of light above its horizon in his spiral ascent. Then, so soon as he has disappeared, the long night sets in, a night which is frequently illumined by the polar aurora or Northern Lights.
It was then in the season of light that our schooner was about to sail in these formidable regions. The permanent brightness would not fail us before we should have reached Tsalal Island, where we felt no doubt of finding the men of the Jane.
When Captain Len Guy, West, and the old sailors of the crew learned that the schooner had cleared the sixtysixth parallel of lat.i.tude, their rough and sunburnt faces shone with satisfaction. The next day, Hurliguerly accosted me on the deck with a broad smile and a cheerful manner.
"So then, Mr. Jeorling," said he, "we"ve left the famous "Circle" behind us!"
"Not far enough, boatswain, not far enough!"
"Oh, that will come! But I am disappointed."
"In what way?"
"Because we have not done what is usual on board ships on crossing the Line!"
"You regret that?"
"Certainly I do, and the Halbrane might have been allowed the ceremony of a southern baptism."
"A baptism? And whom would you have baptized, boatswain, seeing that all our men, like yourself, have already sailed beyond this parallel?"
"We! Oh, yes! But you! Oh, no, Mr. Jeorling. And why, may I ask, should not that ceremony be performed in your honour?"
"True, boatswain; this is the first time in the course of my travels that I have been in so high a lat.i.tude."
"And you should have been rewarded by a baptism, Mr. Jeorling. Yes, indeed, but without any big fuss--no drum and trumpet about it, and leaving out old Father Neptune with his masquerade. If you would permit me to baptize you--"
"So be it, Hurliguerly," said I, putting my hand into my pocket. "Baptize as you please. Here is something to drink my health with at the nearest tavern."
"Then that will be Bennet Islet or Tsalal Island, provided there are any taverns in those savage islands, and any Atkinses to keep them."
"Tell me, boatswain--I always get back to Hunt--does he seem so much pleased to have pa.s.sed the Polar Circle as the Halbrane"s old sailors are?"
"Who knows? There"s nothing to be got out of him one way or another. But, as I have said before, if he has not already made acquaintance with the ice-barrier."
"What makes you think so?"
"Everything and nothing, Mr. Jeorling. One feels these things; one doesn"t think them. Hunt is an old sea-dog, who has carried his canvas bag into every corner of the world."
The boatswain"s opinion was mine also, and some inexplicable presentiment made me observe Hunt constantly, for he occupied a large share of my thoughts.
Early in December the wind showed a north-west tendency, and that was not good for us, but we would have no serious right to complain so long as it did not blow due south-west. In the latter case the schooner would have been thrown out of her course, or at least she would have had a struggle to keep in it, and it was better for us, in short, not to stray from the meridian which we had followed since our departure from the New South Orkneys. Captain Len Guy was made anxious by this alteration in the wind, and besides, the speed of the Halbrane was manifestly lessened, for the breeze began to soften on the 4th, and in the middle of the night it died away.
In the morning the sails hung motionless and shrivelled along the masts. Although not a breath reached us, and the surface of the ocean was unruffled, the schooner was rocked from side to side by the long oscillations of the swell coming from the west.
"The sea feels something," said Captain Len Guy to me, "and there must be rough weather on that side," he added, pointing westward.
"The horizon is misty," I replied; "but perhaps the sun towards noon--"
"The sun has no strength in this lat.i.tude, Mr. Jeorling, not even in summer. Jem!"
West came up to us.
"What do you think of the sky?"
"I do not think well of it. We must be ready for anything and everything, captain."
"Has not the look-out given warning of the first drifting ice?" I asked.
"Yes," replied Captain Len Guy, "and if we get near the icebergs the damage will not be to them. Therefore, if prudence demands that we should go either to the east or to the west, we shall resign ourselves, but only in case of absolute necessity."
The watch had made no mistake. In the afternoon we sighted ma.s.ses, islets they might be called, of ice, drifting slowly southward, but these were not yet of considerable extent or alt.i.tude. These packs were easy to avoid; they could not interfere with the sailing of the Haibrane. But, although the wind had hitherto permitted her to keep on her course, she was not advancing, and it was exceedingly disagreeable to be rolling about in a rough and hollow sea which struck our ship"s sides most unpleasantly.
About two o"clock it was blowing a hurricane from all the points of the compa.s.s. The schooner was terribly knocked about, and the boatswain had the deck cleared of everything that was movable by her rolling and pitching.
Fortunately, the cargo could not be displaced, the stowage having been effected with perfect forecast of nautical eventualities. We had not to dread the fate of the Grampus, which was lost owing to negligence in her lading. It will be remembered that the brig turned bottom upwards, and that Arthur Pyro and Dirk Peters remained for several days crouching on its keel.
Besides, the schooner"s pumps did not give a drop of water; the ship was perfectly sound in every part, owing to the efficient repairs that had been done during our stay at the Falklands. The temperature had fallen rapidly, and hail, rain, and snow thickened and darkened the air. At ten o"clock in the evening--I must use this word, although the sun remained always above the horizon--the tempest increased, and the captain and his lieutenant, almost unable to hear each other"s voices amid the elemental strife, communicated mostly by gestures, which is as good a mode as speech between sailors.
I could not make up my mind to retire to my cabin, and, seeking the shelter of the roundhouse, I remained on deck, observing the weather phenomena, and the skill, certainty, celerity, and effect with which the crew carried out the orders of the captain and West. It was a strange and terrible experience for a landsman, even one who had seen so much of the sea and seamanship as I had. At the moment of a certain difficult manoeuvre, four men had to climb to the crossbars of the fore-mast in order to reef the mainsail. The first who sprang to the ratlines was Hunt. The second was Martin Holt; Burry and one of the recruits followed them. I could not have believed that any man could display such skill and agility as Hunt"s. His hands and feet hardly caught the ratlines. Having reached the crossbars first, he stretched himself on the ropes to the end of the yard, while Holt went to the other end, and the two recruits remained in the middle.
While the men were working, and the tempest was raging round us, a terrific lurch of the ship to starboard under the stroke of a mountainous wave, flung everything on the deck into wild confusion, and the sea rushed in through the scupper-holes. I was knocked down, and for some moments was unable to rise.