mental life, in the case of the woman was like an ascent of still more inward Imaginations: it was the human image that the woman perceived within her again and again in Imagination. And then she said to herself: what I now perceive Imaginatively, is the same as I experienced in childhood before p.u.b.erty, out in cosmic s.p.a.ce, as Imaginative pictures. Both s.e.xes, only in different ways, experienced the fact that they actually knew in the soul: in me something is born which cosmic s.p.a.ce has fructified in me.
There you have a still more concrete form of the Osiris-Isis-myth: it is universal wisdom in so far as it is won from the atmosphere, but it is in organic connection with man, the deeper layers of the human spirit. You can get an idea of it if you seek it in the following way. You see, men think nowadays in an abstract way, inasmuch as they desire to know through the head what the world contains of laws and so on. In these old times men were clear that in this way, merely through head knowledge, one cannot know, but one knows through the whole human being. One knows what
goes on outside in s.p.a.ce, goes on etherically, by having perceived it formerly as it were, outside, and then after p.u.b.erty pictured or felt it inwardly.
How do you perceive then today, with the abstract perception that you have? You discover something which you see with the senses; then you think it over afterwards. That happens in rapid succession.
With those mysteries, through which man in ancient times penetrated into the laws of the atmosphere present in Imaginations, it was a different matter. As child, up to p.u.b.erty, he perceived, he only perceived; afterwards he worked this over inwardly. One might say it is only a perceptive process and a thinking process spread out in time; whereas today it is placed at man"s own discretion to observe abstractly and to reflect, conceive abstractly. Over the whole life was spread what we now crowd together in a few moments as regards the outer physical world, perceive, conceive. That was something which in his relation to the world man thought of as spread out over the whole of human life between birth and death. To the age of p.u.b.erty he perceived certain things, afterwards he reflected upon them.
Such an age was once in existence.
But now think. People said to themselves: "this perceiving and reflecting, this is connected in a certain way with the day, with the rising and setting sun. With the rising sun, one wakes, gets up, begins to perceive and to think; with the setting sun this ceases, since one lies down to sleep." Thus people connected perceiving and thinking with the day; and what was spread out over the whole life between birth and death they brought into connection with more widely extended cosmic events in the heavens. Just as it depends on the sun, on the ordinary rising and setting of the sun, that I can perceive and think, so does it depend on greater, more extended star constellations which appear after centuries, after millennia, what man develops in perceiving and thinking of the kind that I have described. And as in those old times people connected the ordinary perception and thinking with the day, with sunrise and sunset - indeed as people do today though they don"t think so and even believe they go by the clock - so they connected matters concerning
more comprehensive cosmic mysteries with the other star-constellations, with the other events in the heavens.
You see, a deep logic, a deep wisdom lies in these things. With superficialities one cannot get at the facts. But something else too is bound up with it.
These ancient peoples - and we could speak of others besides the Egyptians and the Greeks - these ancient peoples knew that the more inward- lying forces of human nature are connected with what come to expression in celestial happenings, in star-constellations. That decadence of man which is expressed in the modern att.i.tude to the s.e.x problem, and that greatest decadence which is expressed in the most modern att.i.tude to s.e.xual problems, of this nothing was yet known to those ancient peoples of the ages of which one must speak when one deals with these things. For them it was something very different when they had the feeling: it is the s.e.xual essences which are suffused into the human being when the voice breaks and therewith the thoughts break too - or when the other appears of which I have spoken.
That the divine was then pouring itself forth in man - that was the conviction of the ancients.
Hence what is only viewed in a pernicious sense today is found in all old religious rites: the s.e.x- symbols, the so-called s.e.x-symbols, point thus to this connection - we can call it the connection between the atmosphere with its air-events and the human processes of knowledge which take place during the whole human life between birth and death.
"Through my eye, through my ear" - so said these people - "I am connected with what is brought by the day. Through the deeper, more inwardly lying forces, I am connected with something quite different, with the secrets of the air, which, however, are only perceived in Imaginative experience." And this Imaginative experience in its concrete form I have described for you with reference to these early times.
The Old Testament conception in these matters was different inasmuch as it put doctrine in the place of actual experience. The Egyptian of the Osiris-age, especially of the earlier Osirisage, said
as follows: "The true human being only enters me with p.u.b.erty, for I then take in what formerly I saw in Imaginations. The air transmits to me the true man." In the doctrine of the Old Testament this was transformed into the conception: The Elohim or Jahve have breathed into man the living breath (Odem), the air. There the essence was lifted out of the direct living experience and became doctrine, theory. This was necessary, for only so could mankind be led - and that is the meaning of the Old Testament - be led from that living in union with the outer world, which still had an inner connection between the microcosm, man, and the macrocosm, the world, to their further evolution (of which I will speak later). As this connection gradually vanished, it was necessary to fall back on just such a doctrine as that of the Old Testament.
But now there came the time of the death of Osiris - and therewith the time too in which, while one thing became finer, the other thing, as it were, became coa.r.s.er. How is that to be understood?
Well, you can imagine it thus: When we go back
into the old Osiris-time, then the human being saw or felt before p.u.b.erty the Light-Imaginations within the outer air (see sketch) - if I speak for the one s.e.x - Thus he saw in his environment the Light-Imaginations in the air up to the time of p.u.b.erty. Afterwards he had the feeling that they had entered into him, and the changes occurred of which we have spoken. For the child the air was everywhere filled with Light phenomena; for the grown man, the matured man, the air was certainly still there, but he knew that as child he had seen something else in it. He knew that the air was at the same time the bearer, the mother, of light. He knew that it was not true that when he looked out into the air there was nothing in it but what was shown physically. Beings live in it which are to be perceived in Imagination.
These Beings were for the Greeks the Being of the Zeus-circle. Thus man knew that there were Beings in the air. But all this - the fact that human states of consciousness became changed - all this is connected with the fact that even objective things became different in the finer substantiality. Naturally, for the modern clever man it is an outrage if one says such things. I know it is an outrage, but nevertheless it is true: the air has become different. Naturally it has not changed in a way that can be tested by chemical reagents; nevertheless the air has become different.
The air has lost the strength to express the Light- Imaginations; the air has - one could say -
become coa.r.s.er. It has actually become different on earth since that ancient time. The air has become coa.r.s.er. But not only the air, but man himself has become coa.r.s.er. That which formerly lived spiritually in the essences which permeated the larynx and the rest of the organism, that has also grown coa.r.s.er. So that in fact if one speaks today of the s.e.xual-essences one speaks of what is different from what one would speak of in ancient times. Everyone in older times knew: "The perception of the day is connected with my personality; the other, which I experience from the atmosphere, experience with my whole life, that, however, is connected with mankind as such, that goes beyond the individual man." Hence they also sought to fathom the social mysteries under which men live together, through the link which bound them with the macrocosm, they sought for social wisdom through the star-wisdom. But what lived in man as social wisdom bound him in fact to the celestial. This came to expression in the most everyday concepts. A human pair before the death of Osiris would never have felt anything else than that they had received a child from heaven. That
was a living consciousness and corresponded also with truth. And this living consciousness could develop because man knew that he received out of the air-filled s.p.a.ce what he himself experienced.
Of all this the coa.r.s.e dregs, so to say, have been left. As in the air the coa.r.s.e sediment has remained behind of that power of the air that revealed itself to man in Imaginations in earlier ages, so in man himself are the coa.r.s.e dregs left behind. This had to come about since otherwise men could not have attained freedom and a full consciousness of the ego. But it is the dregs that have remained. In this way, however, all that the ancients meant by the divine, which as you can now readily realize, they connected in a roundabout way with the s.e.xual essences, all this has been coa.r.s.ened, not only in idea but also in reality. But it is there nevertheless; naturally not only in the one way, but in the other way too. The reproduction of mankind was in those olden times thought to be in direct connection with the micro-macrocosmic bond of mankind, as you have seen, but the whole social life of man on earth was in fact also thought to be
in connection with this micro-macrocosmic bond.
Numa Pompilus went to the Nymph Egeria to receive information from her as to how he should arrange social conditions in the Roman Kingdom.
This, however, means nothing else than that he had let the star wisdom be imparted to him, had let the star-wisdom tell him how social conditions should be organized.
That which men reproduce on earth, and which is connected with successive generations, was to be placed in the service of what the stars have to say.
As the individual man directed his life with his ordinary perceiving and thinking, according to the rising and setting of the sun, so the interconnections of mankind which later became "States", were to be placed under the star- constellations as expressions of cosmic relationships.
In our language - and languages often contain memories of old conditions - we still have a remembrance of this connection in the fact that the relation of male and female is described by the word "Geschlecht" (s.e.x) and also the successive
generations as "Geschlechter" (races). It is one and the same word: the "Geschlecht" - the family, interconnected, blood relations - and then the relation of man and woman. And so is it too in other languages, and it all points to how man sought to find a recognizable connection with the macrocosm for what lay in his nature, in the deeper strata of his being.
These things have become coa.r.s.ened in the direction we have discussed. Among other things that have remained behind is the attachment in longing and feeling to nationality, the clinging to the national, the chauvinistic impulse for the national; that is the lingering relic of what in older times could be thought of in quite different connections. But only when one looks into such things does one know the truth contained in them.
What is expressed by the nationalistic longing?
When man develops to excess this national feeling, this sentiment for the nation, what is living in it? Exactly the same as lives in the s.e.xual, in the s.e.xual in one way, in national sentiment in another. It is the s.e.xual human being that lives his
life through these two different poles. To be Chauvinistic, is, nothing else really than developing a sort of group-s.e.xuality. One could say that where the s.e.xual essences, in what they have left behind, grip men more, there is present more national Chauvinism; for it is the very force living in reproduction that comes to manifestation too in national sentiment. Hence the battle-cry of the so-called "Freedom of the Peoples or of the Nations" is really only to be understood in its more intimate connections if one said - in a most respectable sense of course - "The Call for the Re-establishment of the National in the Light of the s.e.x-Problem". It is necessary to realize as one of the secrets of the time-impulse, the fact that the s.e.xual problem is proclaimed in quite a special form over the earth today, without people having any idea of how out of their subconsciousness the s.e.xual clothes itself in the words: "Freedom of the Peoples." And far more than men imagine are s.e.xual impulses present in the catastrophic events of today, far more than men imagine! For the impulses to what is happening today lie, in fact, very, very deep.
Such truths must no longer in our present age be kept under lock and key. Certain Brotherhoods have been able to keep them under lock and key, because in the strictest sense of the word they have excluded women. Although joint work with women can nevertheless lead to all sorts of bad things, as has indeed constantly been shown today, yet the time has come in which right views, general views, on these matters must be spread among humanity. Ideas are nevertheless spread abroad which are impure, foolish, empty, inasmuch as from certain directions, without knowledge of the more intimate connections, all sorts of things are treated today as s.e.xual problems. But you see how what here is pure, genuine, honourable truth comes in contact, on the one hand, with what can be the most impure, lowest way of thinking, as is shown from time to time in the outgrowths of Psycho-a.n.a.lysis or similar things. You will always find, however, that what on the one hand, rightly understood, is profound truth, needs hardly to be altered at all in words, but only to be permeated with a low- minded type of thought, and it is simply a
pernicious, stupid, objectionable conception.
A former age could speak of "nations", when one pictured "Nations" in such a way that one nation had its guardian spirit in Orion, another in another star, and one knew that one"s life was ruled from the star-constellations. One then appealed, as it were, to the ordering in the heavens. Today where there is no longer such ordering in the heavens, there is the appeal to the merely national, the Chauvinistic appeal to the merely national, that is to say, an a.s.serting of an impulse, psycho-s.e.xual in the most p.r.o.nounced sense, a backward luciferic impulse.
If one would see clearly and plainly what is today, one must not shrink from the actual underlying truth. But one can also see from such things why people are so afraid of the truth. Just imagine if, in the outcry on the freedom of nations and so forth that is raised today, people were to hear "that comes from s.e.xual impulses!" One should just imagine that! One should picture for once the crowing c.o.c.k ... I don"t mean any special one, not simply Clemenceau ... one should picture all the
declaimers on this theme ... and imagine that they had to realize that what they crow is after all the mating-voice of the c.o.c.k, however finely it is decked out in national garments.
These are things which mankind must learn to know today, and which they do not want to hear, for, as you know, of things that are black it is a.s.serted that they are white, and of those that are white, that they are black. The point is, that that ancient time of which I have spoken has come now to the fifth Post-Atlantean epoch in which abstraction has gradually developed. There where the boundary lies between the fourth and fifth Post-Atlantean epochs (you can read about this in my book The Riddles of Philosophy), there men strove with all their might over the intellectual value - so to say - of the abstract. Read afterwards in my The Riddles of Philosophy where I speak of the nominalism and realism of the Middle Ages. Abstraction had grown to such a pitch that they asked themselves: When I form a concept, has that any significance for the things outside, or is it only a name in my head? Today
people no longer reflect on such things. Of what interest is it to people to know that men have tormented themselves in the Middle Ages, when the abstractive power of thought was felt, what role the so-called universals, the general ideas, play in the world! That one wrestled and strove about what role abstractions play! Nowadays one thinks no more about it; one has already become used to abstractions; one does not strive to get beyond the abstract impulse but, on the contrary, to get thoroughly within it. The conflict over "universals" - this ultimately came to the point where it was said: "Universals, General Ideas, are at first as certain Ideas in G.o.d: those are Universals ante rem; then the Ideas are in the objects: Universals in re; and then the Ideas are in our mind, our soul: post rem - Universals post rem." That was an expedient, in order to take up a stand on the question: is a man connected with reality when he thinks, when he only thinks ideas?
They still felt something of how in ancient times men had been connected with reality. When they reached maturity they thought over, as it were, what as a child they had formerly perceived; they
knew therefore that only then had the true human being entered in. One had to struggle desperately over the Universals, as to whether, when one thinks, there is still something of reality left in one"s thought or whether it is entirely divorced from reality and has nothing to do with it. Since that time people have grown accustomed to take the universals, the abstractions, as abstractions, and are more or less completely cut off from reality in their consciousness.
Such a process is taking place continually on a small scale. Think for a moment: words which are the representatives of concepts, are originally in direct connection with what is seen. For instance, a small group of fighting men has one man at the head, they have this one man before them, they call him the foremost, the first, Furst (Eng: Chief, Prince). There one has it linked directly with what is beheld, later it was set free, it became a word which denoted something without any sort of connection with a direct perception. Just think to how many words this applies! And the next step is that then certain words become privileged, that
speech becomes monopolized, becomes the property of the State. Even in language certain things are developing in this direction, are they not? ... Take the simple case that someone has learnt a great deal, has become wise - let us say, without meaning anything foolish by it - he is a learned man. In a certain naive way one would then say: he is a "Doctor". Here we have a connection with fact if we call someone "doctor"
who is seen to be learned. For it still has a certain significance when there is doc.u.mentary evidence held by a Corporation which gives this recognition. But it loses the significance when it is monopolized ... Yet mankind is enthusiastic about such monopolizing nowadays. All possible words are to be monopolized. A man is not supposed merely through his gifts to be an "engineer", but this must also become a recognized t.i.tle from heaven knows where. And increasingly things are to be loosed from their connections. There you can see the abstraction-process on a small scale, but it is accomplished wholesale with infinite significance. A family has a father. What is the connection between the pater, who is the father of
the family and the Pater, who is a priest? This tearing loose of what is contained in the word - I wanted to bring it forward as ill.u.s.trating the abstraction-process taking place in humanity.
And in the case of ideas it is much more mischievous than in language; people often make use of concepts without having the least idea of their connection with what is perceived.
Sometimes people then search for the real observation, become comic, frightfully comic in this search! Only remember how there is a whole literature today about the cross-sign, which is really a universal sign, spread over the world.
Most amusing is all the learnedness applied to it!
This sign is traced back to this
That was supposed to have been the cross of former times.
Sometimes they then trace that back by saying: only the parts have been left, the swastika and so on. Yes, it is frightfully clever what has been written about it, quite immensely clever, the way "cleverness" has been applied to such things.
I do not wish at all to go in for detailed criticism.
But to know what is true, cleverness is not enough.
One ought, of course, to know that the cross-sign means nothing else than that the human being takes his stand, stretches out his arms and then he is the cross. From above downwards goes a stream of existence that binds man with the macrocosm,
and through the outstretched hands too. And the Cross is the sign for Man.
And when you find distinguishing marks of the a.s.syrian kings or of the Egyptian kings, medallions, for instance, then they are medallions with the cross-sign.
And two other signs (the cross on the medallion is one sign that ancient kings had) were, for instance, these.
The star in the sign is generally made in such a way that one does not immediately recognize the pentagram in it - or is it even a hexagram; - however, that is not the point.
Specially clever people have said: that is the Sun, that is the Cross, that is the moon, that is the star.
But the deeper meaning lies precisely in the fact that it is man, the microcosm, who is compounded of sun and moon. You see from this ordinary cross-sign, how the concept has been separated from the real object. The direct perception is this, the sign is this: man in the form of a cross. People today know so little of how to connect the object with the sign, that, as I have said, an immensely clever literature exists which seeks to find out how this sign is connected with what it wants to express. And so one could write quite clever articles over the most everyday words without discovering how these things, these words, were connected with the realities.
Humanity had to go through the period of abstractions. We know that today we are no longer in the sign of Aries, in which the Sun stood at the beginning of Spring when the transition took place from the old Imaginative time, of which echoes still lingered, to the age of abstractions. We have entered the age of Pisces. A special characteristic
of this age is that man receives the force for abstract ideas out of the macrocosm. Man receives this force today from the macrocosm. But in the meantime man does not know how he is to unite the abstract ideas again with reality. They must be united again with reality.
I said at the beginning of the lecture that in this fifth Post-Atlantean epoch there must be a kind of recapitulation of the time in the Egyptian- Chaldean epoch when one looked back to the ancient Osiris-age, when Imaginations were in existence. The reverse, as it were, must take place: man must find the way back again to the Imaginations. One could say in another form: Osiris must become alive again, we must find ways and means to bring Osiris to life. I have spoken very concretely in these studies by saying that we must find forms of experience which are common to the dead and the living. Since Osiris was slain he has been with the dead; he will remain with the dead, but he will have to come again among the living, when there are concerns which are common to the dead and the living for
the social life of men.
This brings us to the fact that people must understand something which it is above all necessary for our time to understand: how will Osiris be revivified? How can Osiris come to new life? How does man approach again life and experience in the Imaginative consciousness?
We will speak of this tomorrow - how he is to rise again, and how the resurrection is to be brought about. Tomorrow"s considerations shall have then, as their subject, the Imaginative consciousness.