Five Months on a German Raider.
by Frederic George Trayes.
CHAPTER I
THE CAPTURE OF THE "HITACHI MARU"
The S.S. _Hitachi Maru_, 6,716 tons, of the Nippon Yushen Kaisha (j.a.pan Mail Steamship Co.), left Colombo on September 24, 1917, her entire ship"s company being j.a.panese. Once outside the breakwater, the rough weather made itself felt; the ship rolled a good deal and the storms of wind and heavy rain continued more or less all day. The next day the weather had moderated, and on the succeeding day, Wednesday, the 26th, fine and bright weather prevailed, but the storm had left behind a long rolling swell.
My wife and I were bound for Cape Town, and had joined the ship at Singapore on the 15th, having left Bangkok, the capital of Siam, a week earlier. Pa.s.sengers who had embarked at Colombo were beginning to recover from their sea-sickness and had begun to indulge in deck games, and there seemed every prospect of a pleasant and undisturbed voyage to Delagoa Bay, where we were due on October 7th.
The chart at noon on the 26th marked 508 miles from Colombo, 2,912 to Delagoa Bay, and 190 to the Equator; only position, not the course, being marked after the ship left Colombo. Most of the pa.s.sengers had, as usual, either dozed on deck or in their cabins after tiffin, my wife and I being in deck chairs on the port side. When I woke up at 1.45 I saw far off on the horizon, on the port bow, smoke from a steamer. I was the only person awake on the deck at the time, and I believe no other pa.s.senger had seen the smoke, which was so far away that it was impossible to tell whether we were meeting or overtaking the ship.
Immediately thoughts of a raider sprang to my mind, though I did not know one was out. But from what one could gather at Colombo, no ship was due at that port on that track in about two days. The streets of Colombo were certainly darkened at night, and the lighthouse was not in use when we were there, but there was no mention of the presence of any suspicious craft in the adjacent waters.
It is generally understood that instructions to Captains in these times are to suspect every vessel seen at sea, and to run away from all signs of smoke (and some of us knew that on a previous occasion, some months before, a vessel of the same line had seen smoke in this neighbourhood, and had at once turned tail and made tracks for Colombo, resuming her voyage when the smoke disappeared). The officer on the bridge with his gla.s.s must have seen the smoke long before I did, so my suspicions of a raider were gradually disarmed as we did not alter our course a single point, but proceeded to meet the stranger, whose course towards us formed a diagonal one with ours. If nothing had happened she would have crossed our track slightly astern of us.
But something did happen. More pa.s.sengers were now awake, discussing the nationality of the ship bearing down on us. Still no alteration was made in our course, and we and she had made no sign of recognition.
Surely everything was all right and there was nothing to fear. Even the j.a.panese commander of the gun crew betrayed no anxiety on the matter, but stood with the pa.s.sengers on the deck watching the oncoming stranger. Five bells had just gone when the vessel, then about seven hundred yards away from us, took a sudden turn to port and ran up signals and the German Imperial Navy flag. There was no longer any doubt--the worst had happened. We had walked blindly into the open arms of the enemy. The signals were to tell us to stop. We did not stop. The raider fired two shots across our bows, and they fell into the sea quite close to where most of the pa.s.sengers were standing. Still we did not stop. It was wicked to ignore these orders and warnings, as there was no possible chance of escape from an armed vessel of any kind. The attempt to escape had been left too late; it should have been made immediately the smoke of the raider was seen. Most of the pa.s.sengers went to their cabins for life-belts and life-saving waistcoats, and at once returned to the deck to watch the raider. As we were still steaming and had not even yet obeyed the order to stop, the raider opened fire on us in dead earnest, firing a broadside.
While the firing was going on, a seaplane appeared above the raider; some a.s.sert that she dropped bombs in front of us, but personally I did not see this.
The greatest alarm now prevailed on our ship, and pa.s.sengers did not know where to go to avoid the sh.e.l.ls which we could hear and feel striking the ship. My wife and I returned to our cabin to fetch an extra pair of spectacles, our pa.s.sports, and my pocketbook, and at the same time picked up her jewel-case. The alley-way between the companion-way and our cabin was by this time strewn with splinters of wood and gla.s.s and wreckage; pieces of sh.e.l.l had been embedded in the panelling and a large hole made in the funnel. This damage had been done by a single shot aimed at the wireless room near the bridge.
We returned once more to the port deck, where most of the first-cla.s.s pa.s.sengers had a.s.sembled waiting for orders--which never came. No instructions came from the Captain or officers or crew; in fact, we never saw any of the ship"s officers until long after all the lifeboats were afloat on the sea.
The ship had now stopped, and the firing had apparently ceased, but we did not know whether it would recommence, and of course imagined the Germans were firing to sink the ship. It was useless trying to escape the shots, as we did not then know at what part of the ship the Germans were firing, so there was only one thing for the pa.s.sengers to do--to leave the ship as rapidly as possible, as we all thought she was sinking. Some of the pa.s.sengers attempted to go on the bridge to get to the boat deck and help lower the boats, as it seemed nothing was being done, but we were ordered back by the Second Steward, who, apparently alone among the ship"s officers, kept his head throughout.
No. 1 boat was now being lowered on the port side; it was full of j.a.panese and Asiatics. When it was flush with the deck the falls broke, the boat capsized, and with all its occupants it was thrown into the sea. One or two, we afterwards heard, were drowned. The pa.s.sengers now went over to the starboard side, as apparently no more boats were being lowered from the port side, and we did not know whether the raider would start firing again. The No. 1 starboard boat was being lowered; still there was no one to give orders. The pa.s.sengers themselves saw to it that the women got into this boat first, and helped them in, only the Second Steward standing by to help. The women had to climb the rail and gangway which was lashed thereto, and the boat was so full of gear and tackle that at first it was quite impossible for any one to find a seat in the boat. It was a difficult task for any woman to get into this boat, and everybody was in a great hurry, expecting the firing to recommence, or the ship to sink beneath us, or both; my wife fell in, and in so doing dropped her jewel-case out of her handbag into the bottom of the boat, and it was seen no more that day. The husbands followed their wives into the boat, and several other men among the first-cla.s.s pa.s.sengers also clambered in.
Directly after the order to lower away was given, and before any one could settle in the boat, the stern falls broke, and for a second the boat hung from the bow falls vertically, the occupants hanging on to anything they could--a dreadful moment, especially in view of what we had seen happen to the No. 1 port boat a few moments before. Then, immediately afterwards, the bow falls broke, or were cut, the boat dropped into the water with a loud thud and a great splash, and righted itself. We were still alongside the ship when another boat was being swung out and lowered immediately on to our heads. We managed to push off just in time before the other boat, the falls of which also broke, reached the water.
Thus, there was no preparation made for accidents--we might have been living in the times of profoundest peace for all the trouble that had been taken to see that everything was ready in case of accident. Instead of which, nothing was ready--not a very creditable state of affairs for a great steamship company in times such as these, when, thanks to the Huns" ideas of sea chivalry, _any_ ship may have to be abandoned at a moment"s notice. Some pa.s.sengers had asked for boat drill when the ship left Singapore, but were told there was no need for it, or for any similar preparations till after Cape Town, which, alas, never was reached. Accordingly pa.s.sengers had no places given to them in the boats; the boats were not ready, and confusion, instead of order, prevailed. It was nothing short of a miracle that more people were not drowned.
If the ship had only stopped when ordered by signals to do so, there would have been no firing at all. Even if she had stopped after the warning shots had been fired, no more firing would have taken place and n.o.body need have left the ship at all. What a vast amount of trouble, fear, anxiety, and damage to life and property might have been saved if only the raider"s orders had been obeyed! It seemed too, at the time, that if only the _Hitachi_ had turned tail and bolted directly the raider"s smoke was seen on the horizon by the officer on watch on the bridge--at the latest this must have been about 1.30--she might have escaped altogether, as she was a much quicker boat than the German. At any rate, she might have tried. Her fate would have been no worse if she had failed to escape, for surely even the Germans could not deny any ship the right to escape if she could effect it. Certainly the seaplane might have taken up the chase, and ordered the _Hitachi_ to stop. We heard afterwards that one ship--the _Wairuna_, from New Zealand to San Francisco--had been caught in this way. The seaplane had hovered over her, dropped messages on her deck ordering her to follow the plane to a concealed harbour near, failing which bombs would be dropped to explode the ship. Needless to say, the ship followed these instructions.
"There was no panic, and the women were splendid." How often one has read that in these days of atrocity at sea! We were to realize it now; the women were indeed splendid. There was no crying or screaming or hysteria, or wild inquiries. They were perfectly calm and collected: none of them showed the least fear, even under fire. The women took the matter as coolly as if being sh.e.l.led and leaving a ship in lifeboats were nothing much out of the ordinary. Their sang-froid was marvellous.
As we thought the ship was slowly sinking, we pushed off from her side as quickly as possible. There were now four lifeboats in the water at some distance from each other. The one in which we were contained about twenty-four persons. There was no officer or member of the crew with us, while another boat contained officers and sailors only. No one in our boat knew where we were to go or what we were to do. One pa.s.senger wildly suggested that we should hoist a sail and set sail for Colombo, two days" _steaming_ away! Search was made for provisions and water in our boat, but she was so full of people and impedimenta that nothing could be found. It _was_ found, however, that water was rapidly coming into the boat, and before long it reached to our knees. The hole which should have been plugged could not be discovered, so for more than an hour some of the men took turns at pulling, and baling the water out with their sun-helmets. This was very hot work, as it must be remembered we were not far from the Equator. Ultimately, however, the hole was found and more or less satisfactorily plugged. Water, however, continued to come in, so baling had still to be proceeded with. An Irish Tommy, going home from Singapore to join up, was in our boat. He was most cheerful and in every way helpful, working hard and pulling all the time. It was he who plugged the hole, and as he was almost the only one among us who seemed to have any useful knowledge about the management of lifeboats, we were very glad to reckon him among our company.
The four boats were now drifting aimlessly about over the sea, when an order was shouted to us, apparently from a j.a.panese officer in one of the other boats, to tie up with the other three boats. After some time this was accomplished, and the four boats in line drifted on the water.
The two steamers had stopped; we did not know what was happening on board either of them, but saw the raider"s motor launch going between the raider and her prize, picking up some of the men who had fallen into the sea when the boat capsized. Luckily, the sharks with which these waters are infested had been scared off by the gunfire. We realized, when we were in the lifeboats, what a heavy swell there was on the sea, as both steamers were occasionally hidden from us when we were in the trough of the waves. We were, however, not inconvenienced in any way by the swell, and the lifeboats shipped no water. There was no one in command of any of the boats, and we simply waited to see what was going to happen.
What a sudden, what a dramatic change in our fortunes! One that easily might have been, might even yet be, tragic. At half-past one, less than two hours before, we were comfortably on board a fine ship, absolutely unsuspicious of the least danger. If any of us had thought of the matter at all, we probably imagined we were in the safest part of the ocean.
But, at three o"clock, here we were, having undergone the trying ordeal of sh.e.l.l-fire in the interval, drifting helplessly in lifeboats in mid-ocean, all our personal belongings left behind in what we imagined to be a sinking ship, not knowing what fate was in store for us, but naturally, remembering what we had heard of German sea outrages, dreading the very worst.
[Ill.u.s.tration: _HITACHI_ Pa.s.sENGERS AND CREW IN LIFEBOATS AFTER THEIR SHIP HAD BEEN Sh.e.l.lED.
From an enlargement of photo taken on the _Wolf_ by a German officer.]
CHAPTER II
PRISONERS ON THE "WOLF"
Escape in any way was obviously out of the question. At last the raider got under way and began to bear down on us. Things began to look more ugly than ever, and most of us thought that the end had come, and that we were up against an apostle of the "sink the ships and leave no trace"
theory--which we had read about in Colombo only a couple of days before--the latest development of "frightfulness." Our minds were not made easier by the seaplane circling above us, ready, as we thought, to administer the final blow to any who might survive being fired on by the raider"s guns. It was a most anxious moment for us all, and opinions were very divided as to what was going to happen. One of the ladies remarked that she had no fear, and reminded us that we were all in G.o.d"s hands, which cheered up some of the drooping hearts and anxious minds.
Certainly most of us thought we were soon to look our last upon the world; what other thoughts were in our minds, as we imagined our last moments were so near, will remain unrecorded.
However, to our intense relief, nothing of what we had feared happened, and as the raider came slowly nearer to us--up till now we had not even seen one of the enemy--an officer on the bridge megaphoned us to come alongside. This we did; three boats went astern, and the one in which we were remained near the raider"s bows. An officer appeared at the bulwarks and told us to come aboard; women first, then their husbands, then the single men. There was no choice but to obey, but we all felt uneasy in our minds as to what kind of treatment our women were to receive at the hands of the Germans on board.
The ship was rolling considerably, and it is never a pleasant or easy task for a landsman, much less a landswoman, to clamber by a rope-ladder some twenty feet up the side of a rolling ship. However, all the ladies acquitted themselves n.o.bly, some even going up without a rope round their waists. The little j.a.panese stewardess, terrified, but showing a brave front to the enemy, was the last woman to go up before the men"s ascent began. Two German sailors stood at the bulwarks to help us off the rope-ladder into the well deck forward, and by 5.20 we were all aboard, after having spent a very anxious two hours, possibly the most anxious in the lives of most of us. We were all wet, dirty, and dishevelled, and looked sorry objects. One of the pa.s.sengers, a tall, stout man, was somewhat handicapped by his nether garments slipping down and finally getting in a ruck round his ankles when he was climbing up the ladder on to the raider. A German sailor, to ease his pa.s.sage, went down the ladder and relieved him of them altogether. He landed on the raider"s deck minus this important part of his wardrobe, amid shrieks of laughter from captives and captors.
It was at once evident, directly we got on board, that we were in for kindly treatment. The ship"s doctor at once came forward, saluted, and asked who was wounded and required his attention. Most of the pa.s.sengers--there were only twenty first and about a dozen second cla.s.s--were in our boat, and among the second-cla.s.s pa.s.sengers with us were a few Portuguese soldiers going from Macao to Delagoa Bay.
Some of us were slightly bruised, and all were shaken, but luckily none required medical treatment. Chairs were quickly found for the ladies, the men seated themselves on the hatch, and the German sailors busied themselves bringing tea and cigarettes to their latest captives. We were then left to ourselves for a short time on deck, and just before dark a spruce young Lieutenant came up to me, saluted, and asked me to tell all the pa.s.sengers that we were to follow him and go aft. We followed him along the ship, which seemed to be very crowded, to the well deck aft, where we met the remaining few pa.s.sengers and some of the crew of the _Hitachi_. We had evidently come across a new type of Hun. The young Lieutenant was most polite, and courteous and attentive. He apologized profusely for the discomfort which the ladies and ourselves would have to put up with--"But it is war, you know, and your Government is to blame for allowing you to travel when they know a raider is out"--a.s.sured us he would do what he could to make us as comfortable as possible, and that we should not be detained more than two or three days. This was the first of a countless number of lies told us by the Germans as to their intentions concerning us.
We had had nothing to eat since tiffin, so we were ordered below to the "tween decks to have supper. We clambered down a ladder to partake of our first meal as prisoners. What a contrast to the last meal we enjoyed on the _Hitachi_, taken in comfort and apparent security! (But, had we known it, we were doomed even then, for the raider"s seaplane had been up and seen us at 11 a.m., had reported our position to the raider, and announced 3 p.m. as the time for our capture. Our captors were not far out! It was between 2.30 and 3 when we were taken.) The meal consisted of black bread and raw ham, with hot tea in a tin can, into which we dipped our cups. We sat around on wooden benches, in a small part.i.tioned-off s.p.a.ce, and noticed that the crockery on which the food was served had been taken from other ships captured--one of the Burns Philp Line, and one of the Union Steamship Company of New Zealand. Some of the j.a.panese officers and crew were also in the "tween decks--later on the j.a.panese Captain appeared (we had not seen him since he left the _Hitachi_ saloon after tiffin), and he was naturally very down and distressed--and some of the German sailors came and spoke to us. Shortly after, the young Lieutenant came down and explained why the raider, which the German sailors told us was the _Wolf_, had fired on us. We then learnt for the first time that many persons had been killed outright by the firing--another direct result of the _Hitachi"s_ failure to obey the raider"s orders to stop. It was impossible to discover how many. There must have been about a dozen, as the total deaths numbered sixteen, all j.a.panese or Indians; the latest death from wounds occurred on October 28th, while one or two died while we were on the _Wolf_. The Lieutenant, who we afterwards learnt was in charge of the prisoners, told us that the _Wolf_ had signalled us to stop, and not to use our wireless or our gun, for the _Hitachi_ mounted a gun on her p.o.o.p for the submarine zone. He a.s.serted that the _Hitachi_ hoisted a signal that she understood the order, but that she tried to use her wireless, that she brought herself into position to fire on the _Wolf_, and that preparations were being made to use her gun. If the _Hitachi_ had manoeuvred at all, it was simply so that she should not[1] present her broadside as a target for a torpedo from the raider.
The Germans professed deep regret at the _Hitachi"s_ action and at the loss of life caused, the first occasion, they said--and, we believe, with truth--on which lives had been lost since the _Wolf"s_ cruise began. The _Wolf_, however, they said, had no choice but to fire and put the _Hitachi_ gun out of action. This she failed to do, as the shooting was distinctly poor, with the exception of the shot aimed at the wireless room, which went straight through the room, without exploding there or touching the operator, and exploded near the funnel, killing most of the crew who met their deaths while running to help lower the boats. The other shots had all struck the ship in the second-cla.s.s quarters astern. One had gone right through the cabin of the Second Steward, pa.s.sing just over his bunk--where he had been asleep a minute before--and through the side of the ship. Others had done great damage to the ship"s structure aft, but none had gone anywhere near the gun or ammunition house on the p.o.o.p. I saw afterwards some photos the Germans had taken of the gun as they said they found it when they went on board. These photos showed the gun with the breech open, thus proving, so the Germans said, that the j.a.panese had been preparing to use the gun. In reality, of course, it proved nothing of the sort; it is more than likely that the Germans opened the breech themselves before they took this photograph, as they had to produce some evidence to justify their firing on the _Hitachi_. But whether the j.a.panese opened the gun breech and prepared to use the gun or not, it is quite certain that the _Hitachi_ never fired a shot at the _Wolf_, though the Germans have since a.s.serted that she did so. It was indeed very lucky for us that she did not fire--had she done so and even missed the _Wolf_, it is quite certain the _Wolf_ would have torpedoed the _Hitachi_ and sent us to the bottom.
It was very hot in the "tween decks, although a ventilating fan was at work there, and after our meal we were all allowed to go on deck for some fresh air. About eight o"clock, however, the single men of military age were again sent below for the night, while the married couples and a few sick and elderly men were allowed to remain on deck, which armed guards patrolled all night. It was a cool moonlight night. We had nothing but what we stood up in, so we lay down in chairs as we were, and that night slept--or rather did not sleep--under one of the _Wolf"s_ guns. Throughout the night we were steaming gently, and from time to time we saw the _Hitachi_ still afloat, and steaming along at a considerable distance from us. During the night, one of the pa.s.sengers gifted with a highly cultivated imagination--who had previously related harrowing details of his escape from a sh.e.l.l which he said had smashed his and my cabin immediately after we left them, but which were afterwards found to be quite intact--told me he had seen the _Hitachi_ go down at 2.30 in the morning. So she evidently must have come up again, for she was still in sight just before daybreak! Soon after daybreak next morning, the men were allowed to go aft under the p.o.o.p for a wash, with a very limited supply of water, and the ladies had a portion of the "tween decks to themselves for a short time. Breakfast, consisting of black bread, canned meat, and tea, was then brought to us on deck by the German sailors, and we were left to ourselves on the well deck for some time. The Commander sent down a message conveying his compliments to the ladies, saying he hoped they had had a good night and were none the worse for their experiences. He a.s.sured us all that we should be in no danger on his ship and that he would do what he could to make us as comfortable as possible under the circ.u.mstances. But, we were reminded again, this is war. Indeed it was, and we had good reason to know it now, even if the war had not touched us closely before.
How vividly every detail of this scene stands out in our memories! The brilliant tropical sunshine, the calm blue sea, the ship crowded in every part, the activity everywhere evident, and--we were prisoners! The old familiar pet.i.tion of the Litany, "to shew Thy pity upon all prisoners and captives," had suddenly acquired for us a fuller meaning and a new significance. What would the friends we had left behind, our people at home, be thinking--if they only knew! But they were in blissful ignorance of our fate--communication of any kind with the world outside the little one of the _Wolf_ was quite impossible.
There seemed to be literally hundreds of prisoners on and under the p.o.o.p, and the whole ship, as far as we could see, presented a scene of the greatest activity. Smiths were at work on the well deck, with deafening din hammering and cutting steel plates with which to repair the _Hitachi_; mechanics were working at the seaplane, called the _Wolfchen_, which was kept on the well deck between her flights; prisoners were exercising on the p.o.o.p, and the armed guards were patrolling constantly among them and near us on the well deck. The guards wore revolvers and side-arms, but did not appear at all particular in the matter of uniform. Names of various ships appeared on their caps, while some had on their caps only the words "Kaiserliche Marine." Some were barefoot, some wore singlets and shorts, while some even dispensed with the former. Most of the crew at work wore only shorts, and, as one of the lady prisoners remarked, the ship presented a rather unusual exhibition of the European male torso! There seemed to have been a lavish distribution of the Iron Cross among the ship"s company. Every officer we saw and many of the crew as well wore the ribbon of the coveted decoration.
Some German officers came aft to interrogate us; they were all courteous and sympathetic, and I took the opportunity of mentioning to the young Lieutenant the loss of my wife"s jewels in the lifeboat, and he a.s.sured me he would have the boat searched, and if the jewels were found they should be restored.
The j.a.panese dhobi had died from wounds during the night, and he was buried in the morning; nearly all the German officers, from the Commander downwards, attending in full uniform. The j.a.panese Captain and officers also attended, and some kind of funeral service in j.a.panese was held.
Officers and men were very busy on the upper deck--we were much impressed by the great number of men on board--and we noticed a lady prisoner, a little girl--evidently a great pet with the German sailors and officers--some civilian prisoners, and some military prisoners in khaki on the upper deck, but we were not allowed to communicate with them. There were also a few Tommies in khaki among the prisoners aft. It was very hot on the well deck, and for some hours we had no shelter from the blazing sun. Later on, a small awning was rigged up and we got a little protection, and one or two parasols were forthcoming for the use of the ladies. A small wild pig, presumably taken from some Pacific island when the _Wolf_ had sent a boat ash.o.r.e, was wandering around the well deck, a few dachshunds were wriggling along the upper deck, and a dozen or so pigeons had their home on the boat deck. During the morning the sailors were allowed to bring us cooling drinks from time to time in one or two gla.s.s jugs (which the Asiatics and Portuguese always made a grab at first), and both officers and men did all they could to render our position as bearable as possible. The men amongst us were also allowed to go to the ship"s canteen and buy smokes. We were steaming gently in a westerly direction all day, occasionally pa.s.sing quite close to some small islands and banks of sand, a quite picturesque scene. The sea was beautifully calm and blue, and on the sh.o.r.es of these banks, to which we sailed quite close, the water took on colours of exquisite hues of the palest and tenderest blue and green, as it rippled gently over coral and golden sands.
Tiffin, consisting of rice, and bacon and beans, was dealt out to us on deck at midday, and the afternoon pa.s.sed in the same way as the morning.
The _Wolf"s_ chief officer, a hearty, elderly man, came aft to speak to us. He chaffed us about our oarsmanship in the lifeboats, saying the appearance of our oars wildly waving reminded him of the sails of a windmill. "Never use your wireless or your gun," he said, "and you"ll come to no harm from a German raider."
The long hot day seemed endless, but by about five o"clock the two ships arrived in an atoll, consisting of about fifteen small islands, and the _Hitachi_ there dropped anchor. The _Wolf_ moved up alongside, and the two ships were lashed together. Supper, consisting of tinned fruit and rice, was served out at 5.30, and we were then told that the married couples and one or two elderly men were to return to the _Hitachi_ that night. So with some difficulty we clambered from the upper deck of the _Wolf_ to the boat deck of the _Hitachi_ and returned to find our cabins just as we had left them in a great hurry the day before. We had not expected to go on board the _Hitachi_ again, and never thought we should renew acquaintance with our personal belongings. We ourselves were particularly sad about this, as we had brought away from Siam, after twenty years" residence there, many things which would be quite irreplaceable. We were therefore very glad to know they were not all lost to us. But we congratulated ourselves that the greater part of our treasures gathered there had been left behind safely stored in the Bank and in a go-down in Bangkok.
CHAPTER III
BACK TO THE "HITACHI MARU"