Principles of Teaching.
by Adam S. Bennion.
PREFACE
to the 1952 Edition
Two texts have been written for the teacher training program of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints since Dr. Adam S. Bennion"s Book _Principles of Teaching_ was published, yet in spite of the fact that this book has been out of print several years so many requests for it have poured in that the General Superintendency has decided to satisfy the demand with this new edition.
This book with its cla.s.sic qualities in many ways fits Shakespeare"s description of a beautiful woman when he said, "Age cannot wither her nor custom dim her infinite variety." Anyone who knows Dr. Bennion or has read his writings knows that neither custom nor age has dimmed his infinite variety. Furthermore, a glance at the table of contents of this book will reveal the fact that the problems and principles treated herein are just as real today as they were when the text was written.
This little volume is republished in the hope that it again will become one of the basic texts in the teacher training program and fulfill its mission as an instrument in the hands of sincere people who have the devout wish of learning how to teach the principles of the gospel by the power of the Holy Spirit.
H.A. Dixon, Chairman Teacher Training Committee
_Preface_
That ever-old question, "How to Teach," becomes ever new when made to read, "How to Teach Better." This volume aims to raise those problems which every teacher sooner or later faces, and it attempts to suggest an approach by way of solution which will insure at least some degree of growth towards efficiency. These chapters originally were prepared for the course offered to teacher-trainers in the Summer School of the Brigham Young University, in 1920. The teachers in that course were an inspiration to the author and are responsible for many of the thoughts expressed in the pages of this book.
The successful teacher ever views his calling as an opportunity--not as an obligation. To a.s.sociate with young people is a rare privilege; to teach them is an inspiration; to lead them into the glorious truths of the Gospel of Jesus Christ is heavenly joy itself. This little volume hopes to push open the door of opportunity a little wider, that more of that joy may be realized.
"Perchance, in heaven, one day to me Some blessed Saint will come and say, "All hail, beloved; but for thee My soul to death had fallen a prey"; And oh! what rapture in the thought, One soul to glory to have brought."
ADAM S. BENNION.
CHAPTER I
PURPOSES BEHIND TEACHING
OUTLINE--CHAPTER I
The worth of souls.--The Father"s joy in the soul that is saved.--The teacher"s responsibility.--Teaching, a sacred calling.--Our Church a teaching Church.
Our three-fold purpose in Teaching: a--To guarantee salvation of the individual members of the Church.
b--To pa.s.s on the wonderful heritage handed down by our pioneer forefathers.
c--To make more easily possible the conversion of the world.
"Remember the worth of souls is great in the sight of G.o.d;
"For, behold, the Lord your Redeemer suffered death in the flesh; wherefore he suffered the pain of all men, that all men might repent and come unto him.
"And he hath risen again from the dead, that he might bring all men unto him, on conditions of repentance;
"And how great is his joy in the soul that repenteth.
"Wherefore, you are called to cry repentance unto this people;
"And if it so be that you should labor all your days in crying repentance unto his people, and bring, save it be one soul unto me, how great shall be your joy with him in the kingdom of my Father?
"And now, if your joy will be great with one soul that you have brought unto me into the kingdom of my Father, how great will be your joy if you should bring many souls unto me?" (Doc. & Cov., Sec.
18:10-16.)
"For behold, this is my work and my glory--to bring to pa.s.s the immortality and eternal life of man." (Moses 1:39.)
If this is the work and glory of the Lord, how great must be the responsibility of the teachers of Zion, His copartners in the business of saving humankind! Next to parenthood, teaching involves us in the most sacred relationship known to man. The teacher akin to the parent is the steward of human souls--his purpose to bless and to elevate.
The first great question that should concern the Latter-day Saint teacher is, "Why do I teach?" To appreciate fully the real purposes behind teaching is the first great guarantee of success. For teaching is "no mere job"--it is a sacred calling--a trust of the Lord Himself under the divine injunction, "Feed my sheep" (John 21:15). For the teacher who has caught a glimpse of his real responsibility there is no indifference, no eleventh-hour preparation, no feeling of unconcern about the welfare of his pupils between lessons--for him there is constant inspiration in the thought, "To me is given the privilege of being the cupbearer between the Master and His children who would drink at His fountain of truth."
The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints has been variously designated by those not of us: "The Great Industrial Church," "The Church of Pioneers," "The Church of Wonderful Organization." It might well be called "The Teaching Church." There is scarcely a man or woman in it that has not at some time been asked to respond to the call of teacher. Our people have been a remarkable people because they have been remarkably taught--taught of the Lord and His prophets. Our future can be secure only as it is guaranteed this same good teaching. Every teacher must come to realize that "Mormonism" is at stake when he teaches. "Why do I teach?" goes to the very heart of teaching.
The answer to this question is to be found, in part at least, in the three-fold objectives of our Church. First, the salvation and exaltation of the individual soul. As already pointed out, this is the very "work and glory" of the Father. Man is born into the world a child of divinity--born for the purpose of development and perfection. Life is the great laboratory in which he works out his experiment of eternity.
In potentiality, a G.o.d--in actuality, a creature of heredity, environment, and teaching. "Why do I teach?" To help someone else realize his divinity--to a.s.sist him to become all that he might become--to make of him what he might not be but for my teaching.
Someone has jocularly said: "The child is born into the world half angel, half imp. The imp develops naturally, the angel has to be cultivated." The teacher is the great cultivator of souls. Whether we say the child is half angel and half imp, we know that he is capable of doing both good and evil and that he develops character as he practices virtue and avoids vice. We know, too, that he mentally develops. Born with the capacity to do, he behaves to his own blessing or condemnation.
There is no such thing as static life. To the teacher is given the privilege of pointing to the higher life. He is the gardener in the garden of life. His task is to plant and to cultivate the flowers of n.o.ble thoughts and deeds rather than to let the human soul grow up to weeds. This purpose becomes all the more significant when we realize that the effects of our teaching are not only to modify a life here of three-score and ten--they are impressions attendant throughout eternity.
As the poet Goethe has said, "Life is the childhood of our immortality,"
and the teachings of childhood are what determine the character of maturity. The thought is given additional emphasis in the beautiful little poem, "Planting," by W. Lomax Childress:
Who plants a tree may live To see its leaves unfold, The greenness of its summer garb, Its autumn tinge of gold.
Who plants a flower may live To see its beauty grow, The lily whiten on its stalk, The rambler rose to blow.
Who sows the seed may find The field of harvest fair, The song of reapers ringing clear, When all the sheaves are there.
But time will fell the tree, The rose will fade and die, The harvest time will pa.s.s away, As does the song and sigh.
But whoso plants in love, The word of hope and trust, Shall find it still alive with G.o.d-- It is not made of dust.
It cannot fade nor change, Though worlds may scattered be, For love alone has high repose In immortality.
If the teacher, as he stands before his cla.s.s, could project his vision into the future--could see his pupils developed into manhood and womanhood, and could see all that he might do or fail to do, he would read a meaning well-nigh beyond comprehension into the question, "Why do I teach?"
A second answer to this query lies in our obligation to pa.s.s on the wonderful heritage which we here received from our pioneer forefathers.
The story of their sacrifice, devotion, and achievement is unique in the history of the world. Only recently a pioneer of 1852 thrilled a parents" cla.s.s in one of our wards with the simple narrative of his early experiences. His account of Indian raids, of the experience with Johnston"s army, of privations and suffering, of social pastimes--all of these things rang with a spirit of romance. None of his auditors will ever forget the story of his aunt who gave up her seat in her wagon to a sick friend for whom no provision had been made, and trudged across the plains afoot that one more soul might rejoice in Zion. Every pioneer can tell this sort of thrilling story. Could our young people enjoy the companionship of these pioneers there would be little need of alarm concerning their faith. Unfortunately, each year sees fewer of these pioneers left to tell their story. It is to the teacher, both of the fireside and the cla.s.sroom, that we must look for the perpetuation of the spirit of "47. The ideals and achievements of the pioneers are such an inspiration, such a challenge to the youth of the Church today--that teachers ought to glory in the opportunity to keep alive the memories of the past. Our pioneer heritage ought never to be forfeited to indifference. It is a heritage that could come only out of pioneer life.
Such courage to face sacrifice, such devotion to G.o.d, such loyalty to government, such consecration to the task of conquering an unpromising and forbidding desert, such determination to secure the advantages of education, such unselfish devotion to the welfare of their fellows--where could we turn for such inspiration to one who would teach?
Nor is it enough that we strive to perfect the individual membership of the Church and preserve the social heritage out of the past--we a.s.sume to become the teachers of the world. It is our blessing to belong to a Church built upon revelation--a Church established and taught of the Lord. But with that blessing comes the injunction to carry this gospel of the kingdom to every nation and clime. "Mormonism" was not revealed for a few Saints alone who were to establish Zion--it was to be proclaimed to all the world. Every Latter-day Saint is enjoined to teach the truth. Whether called as a missionary, or pursuing his regular calling at home, his privilege and his obligation is to cry repentance and preach the plan of salvation. The better we teach, the sooner we shall make possible the realization of G.o.d"s purposes in the world. The two thousand young men and women who go out each year to represent us in the ministry should go out well trained, not only that they may represent our Church as an inst.i.tution which believes that "the glory of G.o.d is intelligence," but also that they may win intelligent men and women to the truth. Only he who is well taught may become a good teacher--hence the need of intelligent, devoted service. "Why do I teach?" far from being an idle question, goes to the very heart of the future of the Church.