Savor_ Mindful Eating, Mindful Life

Chapter 4: Stop and Look: The Present Moment.

2.J. J. Ratey, Spark: The Revolutionary New Science of Exercise and the Brain Spark: The Revolutionary New Science of Exercise and the Brain (Boston: Little, Brown & Company, 2008). (Boston: Little, Brown & Company, 2008).

3.L. D. Kubzansky, Sick at heart: The pathophysiology of negative emotions, Cleve Clin J Med Cleve Clin J Med 74, suppl. 1 (2007): S67S72. 74, suppl. 1 (2007): S67S72.

4.M. Nestle, What to Eat What to Eat (New York: North Point Press, 2006). (New York: North Point Press, 2006).

5.USDA Economic Research Service, Food CPI, Prices and Expenditures: Food Expenditures by Families and Individuals as a Share of Disposable Personal Income Food CPI, Prices and Expenditures: Food Expenditures by Families and Individuals as a Share of Disposable Personal Income (Washington, DC, 2008). (Washington, DC, 2008).

6.H. Steinfeld et al., Livestock"s Long Shadow: Environmental Issues and Options Livestock"s Long Shadow: Environmental Issues and Options (Rome: Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, 2006). (Rome: Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, 2006).



7.D. Pimentel and M. Pimentel, Sustainability of meat-based and plant-based diets and the environment, Am J Clin Nutr Am J Clin Nutr 78 (2003): 660S663S. 78 (2003): 660S663S.

8.Pimentel and Pimentel, Sustainability.

9.U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Major Crops Grown in the United States. www.epa.gov/oecaagct/ag101/cropmajor.html.Last updated Thursday, September 10, 2009. Accessed December 19, 2009.

10.R. E. Black, L. H. Allen, Z. A. Bhutta, et al. Maternal and child undernutrition: Global and regional exposures and health consequences, Lancet Lancet (2008); 371: 243260. (2008); 371: 243260.

11.Pew Commission on Industrial Farm Animal Production, Putting Meat on the Table: Industrial Farm Animal Production in America Putting Meat on the Table: Industrial Farm Animal Production in America (Washington, DC: Pew Charitable Trust and Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, 2008). (Washington, DC: Pew Charitable Trust and Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, 2008).

12.Pew Commission, Putting Meat on the Table. Putting Meat on the Table.

13.Steinfeld et al., Livestock"s Long Shadow. Livestock"s Long Shadow.

14.Steinfeld et al., Livestock"s Long Shadow. Livestock"s Long Shadow.

15.Steinfeld et al., Livestock"s Long Shadow. Livestock"s Long Shadow.

16.W. J. Craig, Health effects of vegan diets, Am J Clin Nutr Am J Clin Nutr 89 (2009) : 1627S1633S. G. E. Fraser, Vegetarian diets: What do we know of their effects on common chronic diseases? 89 (2009) : 1627S1633S. G. E. Fraser, Vegetarian diets: What do we know of their effects on common chronic diseases? Am J Clin Nutr Am J Clin Nutr 89 (2009): 1607S-1612S. 89 (2009): 1607S-1612S.

17.World Cancer Research Fund, American Inst.i.tute for Cancer Research, Food, Nutrition, Physical Activity, and the Prevention of Cancer: A Global Perspective Food, Nutrition, Physical Activity, and the Prevention of Cancer: A Global Perspective (Washington, DC: AICR, 2007). R. Sinha et al., Meat intake and mortality: A prospective study of over half a million people, (Washington, DC: AICR, 2007). R. Sinha et al., Meat intake and mortality: A prospective study of over half a million people, Arch Intern Med Arch Intern Med 169 (2009): 56271. 169 (2009): 56271.

18.ZenithOptimedia, Press release: Global ad market to accelerate in 2008 despite credit squeeze (2007).

19.A. Mathews et al., The Marketing of Unhealthy Food to Children in Europe: A Report of Phase 1 of the Children, Obesity, and a.s.sociated Chronic Diseases Project The Marketing of Unhealthy Food to Children in Europe: A Report of Phase 1 of the Children, Obesity, and a.s.sociated Chronic Diseases Project (Brussels: European Heart Network, 2005). (Brussels: European Heart Network, 2005).

20.V. Vicennati et al., Stress-related development of obesity and cortisol in women, Obesity Obesity 17 (2009): 167883. T. C. Adam and E. S. Epel, Stress, eating and the reward system, 17 (2009): 167883. T. C. Adam and E. S. Epel, Stress, eating and the reward system, Physiology & Behavior Physiology & Behavior 91 (2007): 44958. 91 (2007): 44958.

Chapter 4: Stop and Look: The Present Moment.

1.T. N. Hanh, Transformation and Healing Transformation and Healing (Berkeley, CA: Parallax Press, 2006), p. 89. (Berkeley, CA: Parallax Press, 2006), p. 89.

Chapter 5: Mindful Eating.

1.Department of Nutrition, Harvard School of Public Health, The Nutrition Source: Knowledge for Healthy Eating. The Nutrition Source: Knowledge for Healthy Eating. S. L. de Munter et al., Whole grain, bran, and germ intake and risk of type 2 diabetes: A prospective cohort study and systematic review, PLoS Medicine PLoS Medicine (4) 2007: e261. S. Liu et al., Whole-grain consumption and risk of coronary heart disease: Results from the Nurses" Health Study, (4) 2007: e261. S. Liu et al., Whole-grain consumption and risk of coronary heart disease: Results from the Nurses" Health Study, Am J Clin Nutr Am J Clin Nutr 70 (1999): 41219. P. B. Mellen, T. F. Walsh, and D. M. Herrington, Whole grain intake and cardiovascular disease: A meta-a.n.a.lysis, 70 (1999): 41219. P. B. Mellen, T. F. Walsh, and D. M. Herrington, Whole grain intake and cardiovascular disease: A meta-a.n.a.lysis, Nutrition, Metabolism and Cardiovascular Diseases Nutrition, Metabolism and Cardiovascular Diseases 18 (2008): 28390. 18 (2008): 28390.

3.A. Schatzkin et al., Dietary fiber and whole-grain consumption in relation to colorectal cancer in the NIH-AARP Diet and Health Study, Am J Clin Nutr Am J Clin Nutr 85 (2007): 135360. 85 (2007): 135360.

4.V. S. Malik and F. B. Hu, Dietary prevention of atherosclerosis: Go with whole grains, Am J Clin Nutr Am J Clin Nutr 85 (2007): 144445. 85 (2007): 144445.

5.L. Djousse et al., Egg consumption and risk of type 2 diabetes in men and women, Diabetes Care Diabetes Care 32 (2009) 295300. F. B. Hu et al., A prospective study of egg consumption and risk of cardiovascular disease in men and women, 32 (2009) 295300. F. B. Hu et al., A prospective study of egg consumption and risk of cardiovascular disease in men and women, JAMA JAMA 281 (1999); 138794. 281 (1999); 138794.

6.Inst.i.tute of Medicine, Dietary Reference Intakes for Energy, Carbohydrate, Fiber, Fat, Fatty Acids, Cholesterol, Protein, and Amino Acids (Macronutrients) Dietary Reference Intakes for Energy, Carbohydrate, Fiber, Fat, Fatty Acids, Cholesterol, Protein, and Amino Acids (Macronutrients) (Washington, DC: The National Academies Press, 2005). W. J. Craig and A. R. Mangels, Position of the American Dietetic a.s.sociation: Vegetarian diets. (Washington, DC: The National Academies Press, 2005). W. J. Craig and A. R. Mangels, Position of the American Dietetic a.s.sociation: Vegetarian diets. J Am Diet J Am Diet a.s.soc a.s.soc 109(7) (2009): 126682. 109(7) (2009): 126682.

7.R. P. Mensink et al., Effects of dietary fatty acids and carbohydrates on the ratio of serum total to HDL cholesterol and on serum lipids and apolipoproteins: A meta-a.n.a.lysis of 60 controlled trials, Am J Clin Nutr Am J Clin Nutr 77 (2003): 114655. 77 (2003): 114655.

8.D. Mozaffarian, A. Aro, and W. C. Willett, Health effects of trans-fatty acids: Experimental and observational evidence, Eur J Clin Nutr Eur J Clin Nutr 63 (2009): S5-S21. D. Mozaffarian et al., Trans fatty acids and cardiovascular disease, 63 (2009): S5-S21. D. Mozaffarian et al., Trans fatty acids and cardiovascular disease, N Engl J Med N Engl J Med 354 (2006): 160113. 354 (2006): 160113.

9.Mozaffarian, Aro, and Willett, Health effects of trans-fatty acids. D. Mozaffarian, Trans fatty acids: Effects on systemic inflammation and endothelial function, Atherosclerosis Supplements Atherosclerosis Supplements 7 (2006): 2932. 7 (2006): 2932.

10.Mozaffarian, Aro, and Willett, Health effects of trans-fatty acids.

11.E. W. T. Chong et al., Fat consumption and its a.s.sociation with age-related macular degeneration, Arch Ophthalmol Arch Ophthalmol 127 (2009): 67480. 127 (2009): 67480.

12.D. Mozaffarian, Fish and n3 fatty acids for the prevention of fatal coronary heart disease and sudden cardiac death, Am J Clin Nutr Am J Clin Nutr 87 (2008): 1991S1996S. 87 (2008): 1991S1996S.

13.P. C. Calder, n3 polyunsaturated fatty acids, inflammation, and inflammatory diseases, Am J Clin Nutr Am J Clin Nutr 83 (2006) : S1505S1519. 83 (2006) : S1505S1519.

14.D. Mozaffarian and E. B. Rimm, Fish intake, contaminants, and human health: Evaluating the risks and the benefits, JAMA JAMA 296 (2006): 188599. GISSI Prevenzione Investigators, Dietary supplementation with n3 polyunsaturated fatty acids and vitamin E after myocardial infarction: Results of the GISSI-Prevenzione trial, 296 (2006): 188599. GISSI Prevenzione Investigators, Dietary supplementation with n3 polyunsaturated fatty acids and vitamin E after myocardial infarction: Results of the GISSI-Prevenzione trial, Lancet Lancet 354 (1999): 44755. M. Yokoyama et al., Effects of eicosapentaenoic acid on major coronary events in hypercholesterolaemic patients (JELIS): A randomised open-label, blinded endpoint a.n.a.lysis, 354 (1999): 44755. M. Yokoyama et al., Effects of eicosapentaenoic acid on major coronary events in hypercholesterolaemic patients (JELIS): A randomised open-label, blinded endpoint a.n.a.lysis, Lancet Lancet 369 (2007): 109098. 369 (2007): 109098.

15.A. Baylin et al., Adipose tissue Alpha-linolenic acid and nonfatal acute myocardial infarction in Costa Rica, Circulation Circulation 197 (2003): 158691. H. Campos, A. Baylin, and W. C. Willett, Alpha-linolenic acid and risk of nonfatal acute myocardial infarction, 197 (2003): 158691. H. Campos, A. Baylin, and W. C. Willett, Alpha-linolenic acid and risk of nonfatal acute myocardial infarction, Circulation Circulation 118 (2008): 33945. 118 (2008): 33945.

16.F. M. Sacks et al., Comparison of weight-loss diets with different compositions of fat, protein, and carbohydrates, N Engl J Med N Engl J Med 360 (2009): 85973. I. Shai I et al., Weight loss with a low-carbohydrate, Mediterranean, or low-fat diet, 360 (2009): 85973. I. Shai I et al., Weight loss with a low-carbohydrate, Mediterranean, or low-fat diet, N Engl J Med N Engl J Med 359 (2008): 22941. 359 (2008): 22941.

17.F. B. Hu and W. C. Willett, Optimal diets for prevention of coronary heart disease, JAMA JAMA 288 (2002): 256978. M. B. Schulze and F. B. Hu, Primary prevention of diabetes: What can be done and how much can be prevented? 288 (2002): 256978. M. B. Schulze and F. B. Hu, Primary prevention of diabetes: What can be done and how much can be prevented? Annual Review of Public Health Annual Review of Public Health 26 (2005): 44567. 26 (2005): 44567.

18.P. N. Singh, J. Sabate, and G. E. Fraser, Does low meat consumption increase life expectancy in humans? Am J Clin Nutr Am J Clin Nutr 78 (2003): 526S-532S. 78 (2003): 526S-532S.

19.T. J. Key et al., Mortality in British vegetarians: Results from the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC-Oxford), Am J Clin Nutr Am J Clin Nutr 89 (2009): 1613S1619S. 89 (2009): 1613S1619S.

20.W. J. Craig, Health effects of vegan diets, Am J Clin Nutr Am J Clin Nutr (2009): 1627S-33S. G. E. Fraser, Vegetarian diets: What do we know of their effects on common chronic diseases? (2009): 1627S-33S. G. E. Fraser, Vegetarian diets: What do we know of their effects on common chronic diseases? Am J Clin Nutr Am J Clin Nutr 89 (2009): 1607S1612S. 89 (2009): 1607S1612S.

21.T. J. Key et al., Cancer incidence in vegetarians: Results from the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC-Oxford), Am J Clin Nutr Am J Clin Nutr 89 (2009): 1620S1626S. 89 (2009): 1620S1626S.

22.Craig, Health effects of vegan diets.

23.M. Jacobson, Six Arguments for a Greener Diet: How a Plant-Based Diet Could Save Your Health and the Environment Six Arguments for a Greener Diet: How a Plant-Based Diet Could Save Your Health and the Environment (Washington, DC: Center for Science in the Public Interest, 2006). (Washington, DC: Center for Science in the Public Interest, 2006).

24.A. Vang et al., Meats, processed meats, obesity, weight gain and occurrence of diabetes among adults: Findings from Adventist Health Studies, Ann Nutr Metab Ann Nutr Metab 52 (2008): 96104. 52 (2008): 96104.

25.World Cancer Research Fund, American Inst.i.tute for Cancer Research, Food, Nutrition, Physical Activity, and the Prevention of Cancer: A Global Perspective Food, Nutrition, Physical Activity, and the Prevention of Cancer: A Global Perspective (Washington, DC: AICR, 2007). (Washington, DC: AICR, 2007).

26.R. Z. Stolzenberg-Solomon et al., Meat and meat-mutagen intake and pancreatic cancer risk in the NIH-AARP cohort, Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 16 (2007): 266475. 16 (2007): 266475.

27.E. Linos et al., Red meat consumption during adolescence among premenopausal women and risk of breast cancer, Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 17 (2008): 214651. 17 (2008): 214651.

28.T. T. Fung et al., Dietary patterns, meat intake, and the risk of type 2 diabetes in women, Archives of Internal Medicine Archives of Internal Medicine 164 (2004): 223540. 164 (2004): 223540.

29.F. B. Hu et al., Prospective study of major dietary patterns and risk of coronary heart disease in men, Am J Clin Nutr Am J Clin Nutr 72 (2000): 91221. 72 (2000): 91221.

30.T. T. Fung et al., Prospective study of major dietary patterns and stroke risk in women, Stroke Stroke 35 (2004): 201419. 35 (2004): 201419.

31.R. Varraso et al., Prospective study of dietary patterns and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease among U.S. men, Thorax Thorax 62 (2007): 78691. 62 (2007): 78691.

32.C. Heidemann et al., Dietary patterns and risk of mortality from cardiovascular disease, cancer, and all causes in a prospective cohort of women, Circulation Circulation 118 (2008): 23037. 118 (2008): 23037.

33.A. Mente et al., A systematic review of the evidence supporting a causal link between dietary factors and coronary heart disease, Arch Intern Med Arch Intern Med 169 (2009): 65969. T. T. Fung et al., Mediterranean diet and incidence of and mortality from coronary heart disease and stroke in women, 169 (2009): 65969. T. T. Fung et al., Mediterranean diet and incidence of and mortality from coronary heart disease and stroke in women, Circulation Circulation 119 (2009): 10931100. F. Sofi et al., Adherence to Mediterranean diet and health status: Meta-a.n.a.lysis, 119 (2009): 10931100. F. Sofi et al., Adherence to Mediterranean diet and health status: Meta-a.n.a.lysis, BMJ BMJ 337 (2008): 66881. P. N. Mitrou et al., Mediterranean dietary pattern and prediction of all-cause mortality in a US population: Results from the NIH-AARP Diet and Health Study, 337 (2008): 66881. P. N. Mitrou et al., Mediterranean dietary pattern and prediction of all-cause mortality in a US population: Results from the NIH-AARP Diet and Health Study, Arch Intern Med Arch Intern Med 167 (2007): 246168. 167 (2007): 246168.

34.World Cancer Research Fund, Food. Food. L. Dauchet et al., Fruit and vegetable consumption and risk of coronary heart disease: A meta-a.n.a.lysis of cohort studies, L. Dauchet et al., Fruit and vegetable consumption and risk of coronary heart disease: A meta-a.n.a.lysis of cohort studies, J Nutr J Nutr 136 (2006): 258893. F. J. He et al., Increased consumption of fruit and vegetables is related to a reduced risk of coronary heart disease: Meta-a.n.a.lysis of cohort studies, 136 (2006): 258893. F. J. He et al., Increased consumption of fruit and vegetables is related to a reduced risk of coronary heart disease: Meta-a.n.a.lysis of cohort studies, Journal of Human Hypertension Journal of Human Hypertension 21 (2007): 71728. A.-H. Harding et al., Plasma vitamin C level, fruit and vegetable consumption, and the risk of new-onset type 2 diabetes mellitus: The European prospective investigation of cancer-Norfolk Prospective Study, 21 (2007): 71728. A.-H. Harding et al., Plasma vitamin C level, fruit and vegetable consumption, and the risk of new-onset type 2 diabetes mellitus: The European prospective investigation of cancer-Norfolk Prospective Study, Arch Intern Med Arch Intern Med 168 (2008): 149399. L. A. Bazzano et al., Intake of fruit, vegetables, and fruit juices and risk of diabetes in women, 168 (2008): 149399. L. A. Bazzano et al., Intake of fruit, vegetables, and fruit juices and risk of diabetes in women, Diabetes Care Diabetes Care 31 (2008): 131117. 31 (2008): 131117.

35.L. Brown et al., A prospective study of carotenoid intake and risk of cataract extraction in US men, Am J Clin Nutr Am J Clin Nutr 70 (1999): 51724. W. G. Christen et al., Fruit and vegetable intake and the risk of cataract in women, 70 (1999): 51724. W. G. Christen et al., Fruit and vegetable intake and the risk of cataract in women, Am J Clin Nutr Am J Clin Nutr 81 (2005): 141722. S. M. Moeller et al., Overall adherence to the dietary guidelines for Americans is a.s.sociated with reduced prevalence of early age-related nuclear lens opacities in women, 81 (2005): 141722. S. M. Moeller et al., Overall adherence to the dietary guidelines for Americans is a.s.sociated with reduced prevalence of early age-related nuclear lens opacities in women, J Nutr J Nutr 134 (2004): 181219. E. Cho et al., Prospective study of intake of fruits, vegetables, vitamins, and carotenoids and risk of age-related maculopathy, 134 (2004): 181219. E. Cho et al., Prospective study of intake of fruits, vegetables, vitamins, and carotenoids and risk of age-related maculopathy, Arch Ophthalmol Arch Ophthalmol 122 (2004): 88392. 122 (2004): 88392.

36.Dauchet et al., Fruit and vegetable consumption. He et al., Increased consumption of fruit and vegetables.

37.Bazzano, Intake of Fruit.

38.J. W. Anderson et al., Carbohydrate and fiber recommendations for individuals with diabetes: A quant.i.tative a.s.sessment and meta-a.n.a.lysis of the evidence, J Am Coll Nutr J Am Coll Nutr 23 (2004): 517. T. L. Halton et al., Low-carbohydrate-diet score and the risk of coronary heart disease in women, 23 (2004): 517. T. L. Halton et al., Low-carbohydrate-diet score and the risk of coronary heart disease in women, N Engl J Med N Engl J Med 355 (2006): 19912002. J. W. Beulens et al., High dietary glycemic load and glycemic index increase risk of cardiovascular disease among middle-aged women: A population-based follow-up study, 355 (2006): 19912002. J. W. Beulens et al., High dietary glycemic load and glycemic index increase risk of cardiovascular disease among middle-aged women: A population-based follow-up study, J Am Coll Cardiol J Am Coll Cardiol 50 (2007): 1421. 50 (2007): 1421.

39.K. C. Maki et al., Effects of a reduced-glycemic-load diet on body weight, body composition, and cardiovascular disease risk markers in overweight and obese adults, Am J Clin Nutr Am J Clin Nutr 85 (2007): 72434. C. B. Ebbeling et al., Effects of a lowglycemic load vs. low-fat diet in obese young adults: A randomized trial, 85 (2007): 72434. C. B. Ebbeling et al., Effects of a lowglycemic load vs. low-fat diet in obese young adults: A randomized trial, JAMA JAMA 297 (2007): 20922102. 297 (2007): 20922102.

40.R. K. Johnson, L. J. Appel, M. Brands, et al. Dietary sugars intake and cardiovascular health: A scientific statement from the American Heart a.s.sociation. Circulation Circulation 120 (2009): 101120. 120 (2009): 101120.

41.D. E. Wallis, S. Penckofer, and G. W. Sizemore, The "sunshine deficit" and cardiovascular disease, Circulation Circulation 118 (2008): 147685. M. F. Holick, Vitamin D: A D-lightful health perspective, 118 (2008): 147685. M. F. Holick, Vitamin D: A D-lightful health perspective, Nutrition Reviews Nutrition Reviews 66 (2008): S182S194. 66 (2008): S182S194.

42.M. F. Holick, Vitamin D deficiency, N Engl J Med N Engl J Med 357 (2007): 26681. 357 (2007): 26681.

43.D. Feskanich, V. Singh, W. C. Willett, and G. A. Colditz. Vitamin A intake and hip fractures among postmenopausal women. JAMA JAMA 287 (2002): 4754. K. Michaelsson, H. Lith.e.l.l, B. Vessby, and H. Melhus. Serum retinol levels and the risk of fracture. 287 (2002): 4754. K. Michaelsson, H. Lith.e.l.l, B. Vessby, and H. Melhus. Serum retinol levels and the risk of fracture. N Engl J Med N Engl J Med 348 (2003): 28794. K. L. Penniston and S. A. Tanumihardjo. The acute and chronic toxic effects of vitamin A. 348 (2003): 28794. K. L. Penniston and S. A. Tanumihardjo. The acute and chronic toxic effects of vitamin A. Am J Clin Nutr Am J Clin Nutr 83 (2006): 191201. V. Azais-Braesco and G. Pascal. Vitamin A in pregnancy: Requirements and safety limits. 83 (2006): 191201. V. Azais-Braesco and G. Pascal. Vitamin A in pregnancy: Requirements and safety limits. Am J Clin Nutr Am J Clin Nutr 71 (2000): 1325S-33S. 71 (2000): 1325S-33S.

44.N. R. Cook et al., Long term effects of dietary sodium reduction on cardiovascular disease outcomes: Observational follow-up of the Trials of Hypertension Prevention (TOHP), BMJ BMJ 334 (2007): 885. 334 (2007): 885.

45.American Heart a.s.sociation. News Releases. American Heart a.s.sociation supports lower sodium limits for most Americans. March 26, 2009. Available at Accessed December 19, 2009. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). Application of lower sodium intake recommendations to adults-United States, 19992006. MMWR Morbity and Mortality Weekly Report MMWR Morbity and Mortality Weekly Report 58 (2009): 28183. 58 (2009): 28183.

46.Center for Science in the Public Interest, Xtreme Eating Awards 2009 (2009), He et al., a.s.sociation of monosodium glutamate intake with overweight in Chinese adults: The INTERMAP study, Obesity Obesity 16 (2008): 187580. 16 (2008): 187580.

48.He et al., a.s.sociation of monosodium glutamate intake.

49.W. C. Willett and P. Skerrett, Eat, Drink, and Be Healthy: The Harvard Medical School Guide to Healthy Eating Eat, Drink, and Be Healthy: The Harvard Medical School Guide to Healthy Eating (New York: Free Press/Simon & Schuster, 2005). (New York: Free Press/Simon & Schuster, 2005).

50.E. Cho et al., Dairy foods, calcium, and colorectal cancer: A pooled a.n.a.lysis of 10 cohort studies, Journal of the National Cancer Inst.i.tute Journal of the National Cancer Inst.i.tute 96 (2004): 101522. 96 (2004): 101522.

51.W. Owusu et al., Calcium intake and the incidence of forearm and hip fractures among men, Journal of Nutrition Journal of Nutrition 127 (1997): 178287. D. Feskanich et al., Milk, dietary calcium, and bone fractures in women: A 12-year prospective study, 127 (1997): 178287. D. Feskanich et al., Milk, dietary calcium, and bone fractures in women: A 12-year prospective study, American Journal of Public Health 87 (1997): 99297. H. A. Bischoff-Ferrari et al., Calcium intake and hip fracture risk in men and women: A meta-a.n.a.lysis of prospective cohort studies and randomized controlled trials, 87 (1997): 99297. H. A. Bischoff-Ferrari et al., Calcium intake and hip fracture risk in men and women: A meta-a.n.a.lysis of prospective cohort studies and randomized controlled trials, Am J Clin Nutr Am J Clin Nutr 86 (2007): 178090. 86 (2007): 178090.

52.World Cancer Research Fund, Food. Food. J. M. Genkinger et al., Dairy products and ovarian cancer: A pooled a.n.a.lysis of 12 cohort studies, J. M. Genkinger et al., Dairy products and ovarian cancer: A pooled a.n.a.lysis of 12 cohort studies, Cancer Epidemiology, Biomarkers and Prevention Cancer Epidemiology, Biomarkers and Prevention 15 (2006): 36472. E. Giovannucci et al., Risk factors for prostate cancer incidence and progression in the health professionals follow-up study, 15 (2006): 36472. E. Giovannucci et al., Risk factors for prostate cancer incidence and progression in the health professionals follow-up study, International Journal of Cancer International Journal of Cancer 121 (2007): 157178. E. Giovannucci et al., Calcium and fructose intake in relation to risk of prostate cancer, 121 (2007): 157178. E. Giovannucci et al., Calcium and fructose intake in relation to risk of prostate cancer, Cancer Research Cancer Research 58 (1998): 44247. 58 (1998): 44247.

53.M. B. Schulze et al., Sugar-sweetened beverages, weight gain, and incidence of type 2 diabetes in young and middle-aged women, JAMA JAMA 292 (2004): 92734. V. S. Malik, M. B. Schulze, and F. B. Hu, Intake of sugar-sweetened beverages and weight gain: A systematic review, 292 (2004): 92734. V. S. Malik, M. B. Schulze, and F. B. Hu, Intake of sugar-sweetened beverages and weight gain: A systematic review, Am J Clin Nutr Am J Clin Nutr 84 (2006): 27488. V. S. Malik, W. C. Willett, and F. B. Hu, Sugar-sweetened beverages and BMI in children and adolescents: Rea.n.a.lyses of a meta-a.n.a.lysis, 84 (2006): 27488. V. S. Malik, W. C. Willett, and F. B. Hu, Sugar-sweetened beverages and BMI in children and adolescents: Rea.n.a.lyses of a meta-a.n.a.lysis, Am J Clin Nutr Am J Clin Nutr 89 (2009): 43839; author reply, 43940. L. R. Vartanian, M. B. Schwartz, and K. D. Brownell, Effects of soft drink consumption on nutrition and health: A systematic review and meta-a.n.a.lysis, 89 (2009): 43839; author reply, 43940. L. R. Vartanian, M. B. Schwartz, and K. D. Brownell, Effects of soft drink consumption on nutrition and health: A systematic review and meta-a.n.a.lysis, Am J Public Health Am J Public Health 97 (2007): 66775. T. T. Fung et al., Sweetened beverage consumption and risk of coronary heart disease in women, 97 (2007): 66775. T. T. Fung et al., Sweetened beverage consumption and risk of coronary heart disease in women, Am J Clin Nutr Am J Clin Nutr 89 (2009): 103742. J. R. Palmer et al., Sugar-sweetened beverages and incidence of type 2 diabetes mellitus in African American women, 89 (2009): 103742. J. R. Palmer et al., Sugar-sweetened beverages and incidence of type 2 diabetes mellitus in African American women, Arch Intern Med Arch Intern Med 168 (2008): 148792. 168 (2008): 148792.

54.Department of Nutrition, Harvard School of Public Health, How sweet is it? (2009), M. van Dam et al., Coffee, caffeine, and risk of type 2 diabetes: A prospective cohort study in younger and middle-aged U.S. women, Diabetes Care Diabetes Care 29 (2006): 398403. S. Kuriyama et al., Green tea consumption and mortality due to cardiovascular disease, cancer, and all causes in j.a.pan: The Ohsaki study, 29 (2006): 398403. S. Kuriyama et al., Green tea consumption and mortality due to cardiovascular disease, cancer, and all causes in j.a.pan: The Ohsaki study, JAMA JAMA 296 (2006): 125565. 296 (2006): 125565.

56.World Cancer Research Fund, Food. Food. U.S. Department of Agriculture, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Dietary Guidelines for Americans 2005 Dietary Guidelines for Americans 2005 (Washington, DC: U.S. Department of Agriculture, 2005). (Washington, DC: U.S. Department of Agriculture, 2005).

57.J. Rehm et al., Global burden of disease and injury and economic cost attributable to alcohol use and alcohol-use disorders, Lancet Lancet 373 (2009): 222333. 373 (2009): 222333.

58.I. J. Goldberg et al., AHA Science Advisory: Wine and your heart: A science advisory for healthcare professionals from the Nutrition Committee, Council on Epidemiology and Prevention, and Council on Cardiovascular Nursing of the American Heart a.s.sociation, Circulation Circulation 103 (2001): 47275. L. L. Koppes et al., Moderate alcohol consumption lowers the risk of type 2 diabetes: A metaa.n.a.lysis of prospective observational studies, 103 (2001): 47275. L. L. Koppes et al., Moderate alcohol consumption lowers the risk of type 2 diabetes: A metaa.n.a.lysis of prospective observational studies, Diabetes Care Diabetes Care 28 (2005): 71925. K. M. Conigrave et al., A prospective study of drinking patterns in relation to risk of type 2 diabetes among men, 28 (2005): 71925. K. M. Conigrave et al., A prospective study of drinking patterns in relation to risk of type 2 diabetes among men, Diabetes Diabetes 50 (2001): 239095. L. Djousse et al., Alcohol consumption and type 2 diabetes among older adults: The Cardiovascular Health Study, 50 (2001): 239095. L. Djousse et al., Alcohol consumption and type 2 diabetes among older adults: The Cardiovascular Health Study, Obesity Obesity (Silver Spring) 15 (2007): 175865. (Silver Spring) 15 (2007): 175865.

59.World Cancer Research Fund, Food. Food.

60.U.S. Department of Agriculture, Dietary Guidelines. Dietary Guidelines.

61.N. W. Gilpin and G. F. Koob, Neurobiology of alcohol dependence: Focus on motivational mechanisms, Alcohol Research & Health Alcohol Research & Health 31 (2008): 18595. 31 (2008): 18595.

62.L. Fontana and S. Klein, Aging, adiposity, and calorie restriction, JAMA JAMA 297 (2007): 98694. L. K. Heilbronn et al., Effect of 6-month calorie restriction on biomarkers of longevity, metabolic adaptation, and oxidative stress in overweight individuals: A randomized controlled trial, 297 (2007): 98694. L. K. Heilbronn et al., Effect of 6-month calorie restriction on biomarkers of longevity, metabolic adaptation, and oxidative stress in overweight individuals: A randomized controlled trial, JAMA JAMA 295 (2006): 153948. 295 (2006): 153948.

63.G. Eshel and P. A. Martin, Diet, energy, and global warming, Earth Interactions Earth Interactions 10 (2006):117. 10 (2006):117.

64.C. L. Weber and H. S. Matthews, Food-miles and the relative climate impacts of food choices in the United States, Environmental Science & Technology Environmental Science & Technology 42 (2008): 350813. 42 (2008): 350813.

65.K. Glanz et al., Psychosocial correlates of healthful diets among male auto workers, Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 7 (1998): 11926. A. R. Shaikh et al., Psychosocial predictors of fruit and vegetable consumption in adults: A review of the literature, 7 (1998): 11926. A. R. Shaikh et al., Psychosocial predictors of fruit and vegetable consumption in adults: A review of the literature, Am J Prev Med Am J Prev Med 34 (2008): 53543. J. G. Sorensen et al., The influence of social context on changes in fruit and vegetable consumption: Results of the healthy directions studies, 34 (2008): 53543. J. G. Sorensen et al., The influence of social context on changes in fruit and vegetable consumption: Results of the healthy directions studies, American Journal of Public Health American Journal of Public Health 97 (2007): 121627. 97 (2007): 121627.

66.J. F. Sallis and K. Glanz, Physical activity and food environments: Solutions to the obesity epidemic, Milbank Quarterly Milbank Quarterly 87 (2009): 12354. 87 (2009): 12354.

67.Sallis and Glanz, Physical activity and food environments.

68.M. S. Townsend et al., Less-energy-dense diets of low-income women in California are a.s.sociated with higher energy-adjusted diet costs, Am J Clin Nutr Am J Clin Nutr 89 (2009): 122026. M. Maillot et al., Low energy density and high nutritional quality are each a.s.sociated with higher diet costs in French adults, 89 (2009): 122026. M. Maillot et al., Low energy density and high nutritional quality are each a.s.sociated with higher diet costs in French adults, Am J Clin Nutr Am J Clin Nutr 86 (2007): 69096. A. Drewnowski and N. Darmon, The economics of obesity: Dietary energy density and energy cost, 86 (2007): 69096. A. Drewnowski and N. Darmon, The economics of obesity: Dietary energy density and energy cost, Am J Clin Nutr Am J Clin Nutr 82 (2005): 265S-73S. H. Schroder, J. Marrugat, and M. I. Covas, High monetary costs of dietary patterns a.s.sociated with lower body ma.s.s index: A population-based study, 82 (2005): 265S-73S. H. Schroder, J. Marrugat, and M. I. Covas, High monetary costs of dietary patterns a.s.sociated with lower body ma.s.s index: A population-based study, Int J Obes Int J Obes 30 (2006): 157479. 30 (2006): 157479.

69.A. K. Kant and B. I. Graubard, Secular trends in patterns of self-reported food consumption of adult Americans: NHANES 19711975 to NHANES 19992002, Am J Clin Nutr Am J Clin Nutr 84 (2006): 121523. P. S. Haines, D. K. Guilkey, and B. Popkin, Trends in breakfast consumption in US adults between 1965 and 1991, 84 (2006): 121523. P. S. Haines, D. K. Guilkey, and B. Popkin, Trends in breakfast consumption in US adults between 1965 and 1991, Journal of the American Dietetic a.s.sociation Journal of the American Dietetic a.s.sociation 96 (1996): 46470. 96 (1996): 46470.

70.W. O. Song et al., Is consumption of breakfast a.s.sociated with body ma.s.s index in US adults? Journal of the American Dietetic a.s.sociation Journal of the American Dietetic a.s.sociation 105 (2005): 137382. M. T. Timlin et al., Breakfast eating and weight change in a 5-year prospective a.n.a.lysis of adolescents: Project EAT (Eating Among Teens), 105 (2005): 137382. M. T. Timlin et al., Breakfast eating and weight change in a 5-year prospective a.n.a.lysis of adolescents: Project EAT (Eating Among Teens), Pediatrics Pediatrics 121 (2008): e638e645. M. T. Timlin and M. A. Pereira, Breakfast frequency and quality in the etiology of adult obesity and chronic diseases, 121 (2008): e638e645. M. T. Timlin and M. A. Pereira, Breakfast frequency and quality in the etiology of adult obesity and chronic diseases, Nutrition Reviews Nutrition Reviews 65 (2007): 26881. A. A. W. A. van der Heijden et al., A prospective study of breakfast consumption and weight gain among U.S. men, 65 (2007): 26881. A. A. W. A. van der Heijden et al., A prospective study of breakfast consumption and weight gain among U.S. men, Obesity Obesity 15 (2007): 246369. 15 (2007): 246369.

71.H. R. Wyatt et al., Long-term weight loss and breakfast in subjects in the National Weight Control Registry, Obesity Obesity 10 (2002): 7882. 10 (2002): 7882.

72.Timlin and Pereira, Breakfast frequency and quality. W. A. M. Blom et al., Effect of a high-protein breakfast on the postprandial ghrelin response, Am J Clin Nutr Am J Clin Nutr 83 (2006): 21120. 83 (2006): 21120.

© 2024 www.topnovel.cc