11,532. Do you knit with your own wool, or with worsted that is given out to you?-On several occasions, within the last three years, I have bought some Scotch worsted; but before that I always spun the wool myself, and sold my own goods. I never knitted a shawl or a veil for a merchant in my life.
11,533. Did you think it better to knit with your own material?-I think it paid a little better when we got a price for it, but it was very seldom that a sufficient price was given. For shawls that I used to get 1 for from gentlemen in the south, the merchants never offered me more than 17s. or 18s., and that was paid in goods.
11,534. Who did you knit most to?-To Mr. Robert Sinclair. I scarcely ever sold a shawl to any other merchant than him.
11,535. Have you sometimes asked him for money?-Yes. Two years ago, when my mother was dying, and my sister was brought in with a broken limb, I took a shawl to Lerwick, in order to get a doctor. I went to Mr. Sinclair with the shawl, and he asked what I wanted. I said I was selling it in a case of necessity, and that I wanted 18s., and he offered me 17s. I asked him, if he would give me a little money if I sold it to him for 17s., but he said he would not, and he rejected it. I sold the same shawl, when I came back, to Mr. Garriock, Reawick, and I got 1 for it in money from him.
11,536. Does Mr. Garriock buy shawls for sale?-No. He told me he had got an order from some ladies for such work; and generally when he gets an order he buys one or two of these things from me, and sends them off to his friends, but he is not a merchant.
11,537. The shawl which you sold for 1 would be a large fine shawl?-Yes. I have got as high as 25s. in money for them.
11,538. How long does it take you to make such a shawl?-When I spin the wool myself it takes me a month, but with clean worsted I will make it in about three weeks.
11,539. How many cuts does it take to make a shawl of that sort?-It takes 32 cuts of Shetland worsted to make a shawl of about 22 or 23 scores, 21/2 yards square.
11,540. Where do you buy the wool that you spin?-I often buy it in the shops in Lerwick when they have it to sell.
11,541. Do some of the merchants in Lerwick sell the wool?- Yes, when it comes in. The poor people who bring it from the country sell it for meal and goods, and the merchants send it out again. I have bought it from Mr. George Laurenson for the last six or seven years. He gets the best of it from Unst. His shop is in Lerwick, beside Mr. Sinclair"s.
11,542. Do you buy that wool by the lb.?-Yes; we pay 1s. 6d. for the finest wool, and half pound of that makes a shawl. It will produce 32 or 33 cuts, and make such a shawl as I sold for 1. I last bought wool from Mr. Laurenson in July of last year. I got 11/2 lbs. at that time at 1s. 6d. a lb. When I am busy I buy some Scotch worsted and knit it too.
11,543. Is the Scotch worsted what is called Pyrenees wool?-Yes.
11,544. Where do you buy it?-From Mr. Sinclair but when we sell him a shawl he will not give us worsted back upon the shawl.
11,545. Not even Scotch worsted?-No. I must pay the money for worsted, whether it is Scotch or Shetland. The Scotch worsted sells by the oz., at 10d. or 1s., according to the fineness of thread.
It takes 6 oz. of that worsted to make a shawl for which I will get 1.
11,546. Have you bought any Shetland worsted?-I have always bought the wool and spun it myself.
11,547. How long will the spinning of half-a-pound take?-It will take me a week to spin it sitting very close at it and sleeping very little.
11,548. Would it be cheaper to buy the Scotch worsted?-Yes; but articles made of it do not sell so well. The Shetland worsted is preferred, as being much better.
11,549. Do you think you will have a larger profit on a shawl, the wool for which you have been a week in spinning, and in knitting which you have been employed another four weeks, than on a shawl which you make of Scotch worsted?-Yes.
11,550. When you buy the Scotch worsted and make a shawl of it, how long will it take you to knit it?-I will make it in less than three weeks.
11,551. What will be the difference in the price which you get for the shawl at the end of that time?-When I have sold a shawl made of Scotch worsted to gentleman or lady who happened to be in the country in July or August I have got as much for it as for one made of Shetland worsted, because the one is as fine as the other, but they prefer the Shetland thread to the Scotch thread. The merchants in Lerwick will not buy a Scotch shawl from me. They put out worsted of that kind to be knitted for themselves, but they will not buy such things from us. They will only buy the real Shetland work.
11,552. Have you ever done any knitting in silk?-No.
11,553. Is it as a favour that the merchants sell you worsted when they do sell it?-No. They are quite willing to sell it if we have money to pay for it.
11,554. Have you asked for worsted in return for your hosiery?- Yes. I asked it from a Mr. Sinclair, and he would not give it. I have asked that both from himself and from some of the men in his shop, and they said it was not a customary thing, and they could not give it.
11,555. Have you ever offered to take a lower price for your knitting if you were paid in money?-Yes. In the case I have mentioned, I offered to take a less price if they would give me 1s.
or 2s. in money; but they refused, and I took home my shawl, and did not sell it to them.
11,556. In that case did you ask for the whole price in money?- No; I only asked him if he would give me a little money upon it.
The price I asked for the shawl was 18s., and I offered to give it to him for 17s. if he would give me some money.
11,557. Did he price the shawl at 20s.?-No; he priced it at 17s. I priced it at 1 and I got that for it when I took it home.
11,558. Have you ever been obliged to exchange any of the goods you got from the hosiery merchants?-I never exchanged anything for provisions, because when parties came to the country in July and August, I would often get two or three shawls sold to them for money.
11,559. Do you know that people who knit have sometimes been obliged to exchange soft goods for provisions?-I believe there are some who have been under the necessity of doing that.
11,560. Do you know any people who make a practice of buying goods from women in that way?-No, I don"t know any one who makes a practice of it.
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11,561. Are there not some people who go about the country hawking goods, which they have bought from the women?-I believe there are; but I do not know their names, because I have never been in the habit of dealing with them.
Scalloway, January 22, 1872, EUPHEMIA RUSSELL, examined.
11,562. You live with your mother at Blackness, Scalloway?- Yes.
11,563. Your mother is an old-woman and bedridden?-Yes; she is seventy-two.
11,564. Do you support yourself by knitting?-Yes, or by out-door work when knitting cannot be sold for money.
11,565. Would you give your whole time to knitting if you could get money for your work?-Yes.
11,566. How long are you obliged to go to out-door work in the year? Two or three months every year?-Yes; if it was all put together, it would be two or three months.
11,567. Do you just go to that when you want money?-Yes.
11,568. Is it in the fields or the fish that you work?-Sometimes in the fields and sometimes at the fish.
11,569. For how long have you been in the habit of knitting?-For about twenty-five years.
11,570. Have you often been paid in money for it?-Never, except on an occasion when a stranger was pa.s.sing, or when Mr. Garriock would take my work. He has sold several shawls for me.
11,571. Did you hear what Clementina Greig said about the quant.i.ty of worsted required for a shawl?-Yes; I agree with her evidence about that.
11,572. Have you bought wool yourself?-Yes; I have bought wool from Widow Nicholson, who lives near here, and also from James Williamson, when he had a little to spare. I paid 1s. 6d. for his wool, and 1s. 4d. for hers; but that was not used entirely for shawls. I took the best of it for shawls, and the rest was used for other purposes.
11,573. Did you spin that wool yourself?-Yes. When my mother was in health she spun it; but I spin it for myself now.
11,574. Do you take as long to spin it as Clementina Greig said?- Yes, quite as long.
11,575. Do you sometimes get a little money for your hosiery?- Not from the merchants in Lerwick. I never ask for it there, because it is not the custom to give it.
11,576. Do you keep an account with any of these merchants?- No. I just sell my goods right off, and settle for them at once.
11,577. Have you ever sold them any hosiery made of Scotch worsted?-No. I never made with that Scotch worsted; I always made my own worsted.