[Footnote 66: Allen Ed., 1814, vol. 2, p. 118.]
[Footnote 67: Nat. Hist. Man, 1850, p. 325.]
Mr. Gatschet, as above, distinguishes the language as forming a distinct stock. It is spoken on the coast of middle Oregon, on Coos River and Bay, and at the mouth of Coquille River, Oregon.
TRIBES.
Anasitch.
Melukitz.
Mulluk or Lower Coquille.
Nacu?.
_Population._--Most of the survivors of this family are gathered upon the Siletz Reservation, Oregon, but their number can not be stated as the agency returns are not given by tribes.
LUTUAMIAN FAMILY.
= Lutuami, Hale in U.S. Expl. Exp., VI, 199, 569, 1846 (headwaters Klamath River and lake). Gallatin in Trans. Am. Eth. Soc., II, pt. 1, c, 17, 77, 1848 (follows Hale). Latham, Nat. Hist. Man, 325, 1850 (headwaters Clamet River). Berghaus (1851), Physik. Atlas, map 17, 1852. Latham in Proc. Philolog. Soc. Lond., VI, 82, 1854. Latham in Trans. Philolog. Soc. Lond., 74, 1856. Latham, Opuscula, 300, 310, 1860. Latham, El. Comp. Phil., 407, 1862.
= Luturim, Gallatin in Schoolcraft, Ind. Tribes, III, 402, 1853 (misprint for Lutuami; based on Clamets language).
= Lutumani, Latham, Opuscula, 341, 1860 (misprint for Lutuami).
= Tlamatl, Hale in U.S. Expl. Exp., VI, 218, 569, 1846 (alternative of Lutuami). Berghaus (1851), Physik. Atlas, map 17, 1852.
= Clamets, Hale in U.S. Expl. Exp., VI, 218, 569, 1846 (alternative of Lutuami).
= Klamath, Gatschet in Mag. Am. Hist., 164, 1877. Gatschet in Beach.
Ind. Misc., 439, 1877. Gatschet in Am. Antiq., 81-84, 1878 (general remarks upon family).
< klamath,="" keane,="" app.="" stanfords="" comp.="" (cent.="" and="" so.="" am.),="" 460,="" 475,="" 1878="" (a="" geographic="" group="" rather="" than="" a="" linguistic="" family;="" includes,="" in="" addition="" to="" the="" klamath="" proper="" or="" lutuami,="" the="" yacons,="" modocs,="" copahs,="" shastas,="" palaiks,="" wintoons,="" eurocs,="" cahrocs,="" lototens,="" weeyots,="" wishosks,="" wallies,="" tolewahs,="" patawats,="" yukas,="" and="" others="" between="" eel="" river="" and="" humboldt="" bay.="" the="" list="" thus="" includes="" several="" distinct="" families).="" bancroft,="" nat.="" races,="" iii,="" 565,="" 640,="" 1882="" (includes="" lutuami="" or="" klamath,="" modoc="" and="" copah,="" the="" latter="" belonging="" to="" the="" copehan="">
= Klamath Indians of Southwestern Oregon, Gatschet in Cont, N.A. Eth., II, pt. 1, x.x.xIII, 1890.
Derivation: From a Pit River word meaning lake.
The tribes of this family appear from time immemorial to have occupied Little and Upper Klamath Lakes, Klamath Marsh, and Sprague River, Oregon. Some of the Modoc have been removed to the Indian Territory, where 84 now reside; others are in Sprague River Valley.
The language is a h.o.m.ogeneous one and, according to Mr. Gatschet who has made a special study of it, has no real dialects, the two divisions of the family, Klamath and Modoc, speaking an almost identical language.
The Klamaths own name is -ukshikni, Klamath Lake people. The Modoc are termed by the Klamath Mdokni, Southern people.
TRIBES.
Klamath.
Modoc.
_Population._--There were 769 Klamath and Modoc on the Klamath Reservation in 1889. Since then they have slightly decreased.
MARIPOSAN FAMILY.
> Mariposa, Latham in Trans. Philolog. Soc. Lond., 84, 1856 (Coconoons language, Mariposa County). Latham, Opuscula, 350, 1860. Latham, El.
Comp. Philology, 416, 1862 (Coconoons of Mercede River).
= Yo-kuts, Powers in Cont. N.A. Eth., III, 369, 1877. Powell, ibid., 570 (vocabularies of Yo-kuts, Wi-chi-kik, Tin-lin-neh, Kings River, Coconoons, Calaveras County).
= Yocut, Gatschet in Mag. Am. Hist., 158, 1877 (mentions Taches, Chewenee, Watooga, Chookchancies, Coconoons and others). Gatschet in Beach, Ind. Misc., 432, 1877.
Derivation: A Spanish word meaning b.u.t.terfly, applied to a county in California and subsequently taken for the family name.
Latham mentions the remnants of three distinct bands of the Coconoon, each with its own language, in the north of Mariposa County. These are cla.s.sed together under the above name. More recently the tribes speaking languages allied to the Coconun have been treated of under the family name Yokut. As, however, the stock was established by Latham on a sound basis, his name is here restored.
GEOGRAPHIC DISTRIBUTION.
The territory of the Mariposan family is quite irregular in outline. On the north it is bounded by the Fresno River up to the point of its junction with the San Joaquin; thence by a line running to the northeast corner of the Salinan territory in San Benito County, California; on the west by a line running from San Benito to Mount Pinos. From the middle of the western sh.o.r.e of Tulare Lake to the ridge at Mount Pinos on the south, the Mariposan area is merely a narrow strip in and along the foothills. Occupying one-half of the western and all the southern sh.o.r.e of Tulare Lake, and bounded on the north by a line running from the southeast corner of Tulare Lake due east to the first great spur of the Sierra Nevada range is the territory of the intrusive Shoshoni. On the east the secondary range of the Sierra Nevada forms the Mariposan boundary.
In addition to the above a small strip of territory on the eastern bank of the San Joaquin is occupied by the Cholovone division of the Mariposan family, between the Tuolumne and the point where the San Joaquin turns to the west before entering Suisun Bay.
TRIBES.
Ayapa (Tule River).
Chainmaini (lower Kings River).
Chukamina (Squaw Valley).
Chukchansi (San Joaquin River above Millerton).
Chunut (Kaweah River at the lake).
Coconun (Merced River).
It.i.tcha (Kings River).
Ka.s.sovo (Day Creek).
Kau--a (Kaweah River; foothills).
Kiawtni (Tule River at Porterville).
Mayyu (Tule River, south fork).
Notonaiti (on the lake).
Ochngita (Tule River).
Pitkach (extinct; San Joaquin River below Millerton).
Pohllin Tinleh (near Kern lake).
Sawkhtu (Tule River, south fork).
Tchi (Kingston).
Tlumni (Kaweah River below Visalia).
Tnlinneh (Fort Tejon).
Tischu (upper Kings River).