M. Bombarda, Comptes rendus Congres Internationale de l"Anthropologie Criminelle, Amsterdam, p. 212.
[5]
Laca.s.sagne, "De la Criminalite chez les Animaux," Revue Scientifique, 1882.
[6]
Steinach, "Utersuchungen zu vergleichende Physiologie," Archiv fur die Gesammte Physiologie, Bd. lvi, 1894, p. 320.
[7]
Fere, Comptes-rendus Societe de Biologie, July 30, 1898. We may perhaps connect this with an observation of E. Selous (Zoologist, May and Sept., 1901) on a bird, the Great Crested Grebe; after pairing, the male would crouch to the female, who played his part to him; the same thing is found among pigeons. Selous suggests that this is a relic of primitive hermaphroditism. But it may be remembered that in the male generally s.e.xual intercourse tends to be more exhausting than in the female; this fact would favor a reversion of their respective parts.
[8]
E. Selous, "s.e.xual Selection in Birds," Zoologist, Feb., 1907, p. 65; ib., May, p. 169. s.e.xual aberrations generally are not uncommon among birds; see, e.g., A. Heim, "s.e.xuelle Verirrungen bei Vogeln in den Tropen," s.e.xual-Probleme, April, 1913.
[9]
See Moll, Untersuchungen uber die Libido s.e.xualis, 1898, Bd. i, pp. 369, 374-5. For a summary of facts concerning h.o.m.os.e.xuality in animals see F. Karsch, "Paderastie und Tribadie bei den Tieren auf Grund der Literatur," Jahrbuch fur s.e.xuelle Zwischenstufen, Bd. ii, 1899, pp. 126-154
[10]
Muccioli, "Degenerazione e Criminalita nei Colombi," Archivio di Psichiatria, 1893, p. 40.
[11]
L"Intermediare des Biologistes, November 20, 1897.
[12]
R. I. Poc.o.c.k, Field, 25 Oct., 1913.
[13]
R. S. Rutherford, "Crowing Hens," Poultry, January 26, 1896.
[14]
This has now been very thoroughly done by Prof. F. Karsch-Haack in a large book, Das Gleichgeschlechtliche Leben der Naturvolker, 1911. An earlier and shorter study by the same author was published in the Jahrbuch fur s.e.xuelle Zwischenstufen, Bd. iii, 1901.
[15]
See a brief and rather inconclusive treatment of the question by Bruns Meissner, "a.s.syriologische Studien," iv, Mitteilungen der Vorderasiatischen Gesellschaft, 1907.
[16]
Monatshefte fur praktische Dermatologie, Bd. xxix, 1899, p. 409.
[17]
Hirschfeld, Die h.o.m.os.e.xualitat, p. 739.
[18]
Beardmore also notes that sodomy is "regularly indulged in" in New Guinea on this account. (Journal of the Anthropological Inst.i.tute, May, 1890, p. 464.)
[19]
I have been told by medical men in India that it is specially common among the Sikhs, the finest soldier-race in India.
[20]
Foley, Bulletin Societe d"Anthropologie de Paris, October 9, 1879.
[21]
See, e.g., O. Kiefer, "Plato"s Stellung zu h.o.m.os.e.xualitat," Jahrbuch fur s.e.xuelle Zwischenstufen, vol. vii.
[22]
Bethe, op. cit., p. 440. In old j.a.pan (before the revolution of 1868) also, however, according to F. S. Krauss (Das Geschlechtsleben der j.a.paner, ch. xiii, 1911), the h.o.m.os.e.xual relations between knights and their pages resembled those of ancient Greece.
[23]
Archiv fur Kriminal-Anthropologie, 1906, p. 106.
[24]
Zeitschrift fur s.e.xualwissenschaft, 1914, Heft 2, p. 73.
[25]
Among the Sarts of Turkestan a cla.s.s of well-trained and educated h.o.m.os.e.xual prost.i.tutes, resembling those found in China and many regions of northern Asia, bearing also the same name of batsha, are said to be especially common because fostered by the scarcity of women through polygamy and by the women"s ignorance and coa.r.s.eness. The inst.i.tution of the batsha is supposed to have come to Turkestan from Persia. (Herman, "Die Paderastie bei den Sarten," s.e.xual-Probleme, June, 1911.) This would seem to suggest that Persia may have been a general center of diffusions of this kind of refined h.o.m.os.e.xuality in northern Asia.
[26]
Morache, art. "Chine," Dictionnaire Encyclopedique des Sciences Medicales; Matignon, "La Pederastie en Chine," Archives d"Anthropologie Criminelle, Jan., 1899; Von der Choven, summarized in Archives de Neurologie, March, 1907; Scie-Ton-Fa, "L"h.o.m.os.e.xualite en Chine," Revue de l"Hypnotisme, April, 1909.
[27]
Moeurs des Peuples de l"Inde, 1825, vol. i, part ii, ch. xii. In Lah.o.r.e and Lucknow, as quoted by Burton, Daville describes "men dressed as women, with flowing locks under crowns of flowers, imitating the feminine walk and gestures, voice and fashion of speech, ogling their admirer with all the coquetry of bayaderes."
[28]
Voyages and Travels, 1814, part ii, p. 47.
[29]
A. Lisiansky, Voyage, etc., London, 1814, p. 1899.
[30]
Ethnographische Skizzen, 1855, p. 121.
[31]
C. F. P. von Martius, Zur Ethnographie Amerika"s, Leipzig, 1867, Bd. i, p. 74. In Ancient Mexico Bernal Diaz wrote: Erant quasi omnes sodomia commaculati, et adolescentes multi, muliebriter vest.i.ti, ibant publice, cib.u.m quarentes ab isto diabolico et abominabili labore.
[32]
Hammond, s.e.xual Impotence, pp. 163-174.
[33]
New York Medical Journal, Dec. 7, 1889.
[34]
J. Turnbull, "A Voyage Round the World in the Year 1800," etc., 1813, p. 382.
[35]
Annales d"Hygiene et de Medecine Coloniale, 1899, p. 494.
[36]
Oskar Baumann, "Contrare s.e.xual-Erscheinungen bei die Neger-Bevolkerung Zanzibars," Zeitschrift fur Ethnologie, 1899, Heft 6, p. 668.
[37]
Rev. J. H. Weeks, Journal Anthropological Inst.i.tute, 1909, p. 449. I am informed by a medical correspondent in the United States that inversion is extremely prevalent among American negroes. "I have good reason to believe," he writes, "that it is far more prevalent among them than among the white people of any nation. If inversion is to be regarded as a penalty of "civilization" this is remarkable. Perhaps, however, the Negro, relatively to his capacity, is more highly civilized than we are; at any rate his civilization has been thrust upon him, and not acquired through the long throes of evolution. Colored inverts desire white men as a rule, but are not averse to men of their own race. I believe that 10 per cent, of Negroes in the United States are s.e.xually inverted."