[38]
Among the Papuans of German New Guinea, where the women have great power, marriage is late, and the young men are compelled to live separated from the women in communal houses. Here, says Moskowski (Zeitschrift fur Ethnologie, 1911, Heft 2, p. 339), h.o.m.os.e.xual orgies are openly carried on.
[39]
C. G. Seligmann, "s.e.xual Inversion Among Primitive Races," Alienist and Neurologist, Jan., 1902. In a tale of the Western Solomon Islands, reported by J. C. Wheeler (Anthropophyteia, vol. ix, p. 376) we find a story of a man who would be a woman, and married another man and did woman"s work.
[40]
Hardman, "Habits and Customs of Natives of Kimberley, Western Australia," Proceedings Royal Irish Academy, 3d series, vol. i, 1889, p. 73.
[41]
Klaatsch, "Some Notes on Scientific Travel Amongst the Black Populations of Tropic Australia," Adelaide meeting of Australian a.s.sociation for the Advancement of Science, January, 1907, p. 5.
[42]
In further ill.u.s.tration of this I have been told that among the common people there is often no feeling against connection with a woman per anum.
[43]
Chevalier (L"Inversion s.e.xuelle, pp. 85-106) brings forward a considerable amount of evidence regarding h.o.m.os.e.xuality at Rome under the emperors. See also Moll, Kontrare s.e.xualempfindung, 1899, pp. 56-66, and Hirschfeld, h.o.m.os.e.xualitat, 1913, pp. 789-806. On the literary side, Petronius best reveals the h.o.m.os.e.xual aspect of Roman life about the time of Tiberius.
[44]
J. A. Symonds wrote an interesting essay on this subject; see also Kiefer, Jahrbuch f. s.e.x. Zwischenstufen, vol. viii, 1906.
[45]
See L. von Scheffler, "Elagabal," Jahrbuch f. s.e.x. Zwischenstufen, vol. iii, 1901; also Duviquet, Heliogabale (Mercure de France).
[46]
The following note has been furnished to me: "Balzac, in Une Derniere Incarnation de Vautrin, describes the morals of the French bagnes. Dostoieffsky, in Prison-Life in Siberia, touches on the same subject. See his portrait of Sirotkin, p. 52 et seq., p. 120 (edition J. and R. Maxwell, London). We may compare Carlier, Les Deux Prost.i.tutions, pp. 300-1, for an account of the violence of h.o.m.os.e.xual pa.s.sions in French prisons. The initiated are familiar with the fact in English prisons. Bouchard, in his Confessions, Paris, Liseux, 1881, describes the convict station at Ma.r.s.eilles in 1630." h.o.m.os.e.xuality among French recidivists at Saint-Jean-du-Maroni in French Guiana has been described by Dr. Cazanova, Arch. d"Anth. Crim., January, 1906, p. 44. See also Davitt"s Leaves from a Prison Diary, and Berkman"s Prison Memoirs of an Anarchist; also Rebierre, Joyeux et Demifous, 1909.
[47]
D. McMurtrie, Chicago Medical Recorder, January, 1914.
[48]
See Appendix A: "h.o.m.os.e.xuality among Tramps," by "Josiah Flynt."
[49]
Inferno, xv. The place of h.o.m.os.e.xuality in the Divine Comedy itself has been briefly studied by Undine Freun von Verschuer, Jahrbuch fur s.e.xuelle Zwischenstufen, Bd. viii, 1906.
[50]
Hirschfeld and others have pointed out, very truly, that inverts are less p.r.o.ne than normal persons to regard caste and social position. This innately democratic att.i.tude renders it easier for them than for ordinary people to rise to what Cyples has called the "ecstasy of humanity," the emotional att.i.tude, that is to say, of those rare souls of whom it may be said, in the same writer"s words, that "beggars" rags to their unhesitating lips grew fit for kissing because humanity had touched the garb." Edward Carpenter (Intermediate Types among Primitive Folk, p. 83) remarks that great ethical leaders have often exhibited feminine traits, and adds: "It becomes easy to suppose of those early figures-who once probably were men-those Apollos, Buddhas, Dionysus, Osiris, and so forth-to suppose that they too were somewhat bis.e.xual in temperament, and that it was really largely owing to that fact that they were endowed with far-reaching powers and became leaders of mankind."
[51]
English translation, Primitive Folk, in Contemporary Science series.
[52]
R. Horneffer, Der Priester, 2 vols., 1912. J. G. Frazer, in the volume ent.i.tled "Adonis, Attis, Osiris" (pp. 428-435) of the third edition of his Golden Bough, discusses priests dressed as women, and finds various reasons for the custom.
[53]
Edward Carpenter, Intermediate Types among Primitive Folk, 1914.
[54]
Westermarck, Origin and Development of Moral Ideas, vol. ii, ch. xliii.
[55]
"Italian literature," remarks Symonds, "can show the Rime Burlesche, Becadelli"s Hermaphroditus, the Canti Carnascialeschi, the Macaronic poems of Fidentius, and the remarkably outspoken romance ent.i.tled Alcibiade Fanciullo a Scola."
[56]
The life of Muret has been well written by C. Dejob, Marc-Antoine Muret, 1881.
[57]
F. M. Nichols, Epistles of Erasmus, vol. i, pp. 44-55.
[58]
Burckhardt, Die Kultur der Renaissance, vol. ii, Excursus ci.
[59]
F. de Gaudenzi in ch. v of his Studio Psico-patologico sopra T. Ta.s.so (1899) deals fully with the poet"s h.o.m.os.e.xual tendencies.
[60]
Herbert P. Horne, Leonardo da Vinci, 1903, p. 12.
[61]
S. Freud, Eine Kindheitserinnerung des Leonardo da Vinci, 1910.
[62]
See Parlagreco, Michelangelo Buonarotti, Naples, 1888; Ludwig von Scheffler, Michelangelo: Ein Renaissance Studie, 1892; Archivo di Psichiatria, vol. xv, fasc. i, ii, p. 129; J. A. Symonds, Life of Michelangelo, 1893; Dr. Jur. Numa Praetorius, "Michel Angelo"s Urningtum," Jahrbuch fur s.e.xuelle Zwischenstufen, vol. ii, 1899, pp, 254-267.
[63]
J. A. Symonds, Life of Michelangelo, vol. ii, p. 384.
[64]
Sodoma"s life and temperament have been studied and his pictures copiously reproduced by Elisar von Kupffer, Jahrbuch fur s.e.xuelle Zwischenstufen, Bd. ix, 1908, p. 71 et seq., and by R. H. Hobart Cust, Giovanni Antonio Bazzi.
[65]
Cellini, Life, translated by J. A. Symonds, introduction, p. x.x.xv, and p. 448. Queringhi (La Psiche di B. Cellini, 1913) argues that Cellini was not h.o.m.os.e.xual.
[66]
See the interesting account of Duquesnoy by Eekhoud (Jahrbuch fur s.e.xuelle Zwischenstufen, Bd. ii, 1899), an eminent Belgian novelist who has himself been subjected to prosecution on account of the pictures of h.o.m.os.e.xuality in his novels and stories, Escal-Vigor and Le Cycle Patibulaire (see Jahrbuch fur s.e.xuelle Zwischenstufen, Bd. iii, 1901).
[67]
See Justi"s Life of Winkelmann, and also Moll"s Die Kontrare s.e.xualempfindung, third edition, 1899, pp. 122-126. In this work, as well as in Raffalovich"s Uranisme et Unis.e.xualite, as also in Moll"s Beruhmte h.o.m.os.e.xuelle (1910) and Hirschfeld"s Die h.o.m.os.e.xualitat, p. 650 et seq., there will be found some account of many eminent men who are, on more or less reliable grounds, suspected of h.o.m.os.e.xuality. Other German writers brought forward as inverted are Platen, K. P. Moritz, and Iffland. Platen was clearly a congenital invert, who sought, however, the satisfaction of his impulses in Platonic friendship; his h.o.m.os.e.xual poems and the recently published unabridged edition of his diary render him an interesting object of study; see for a sympathetic account of him, Ludwig Frey, "Aus dem Seelenleben des Grafen Platen," Jahrbuch fur s.e.xuelle Zwischenstufen, vols. i and vi. Various kings and potentates have been mentioned in this connection, including the Sultan Baber; Henri III of France; Edward II, William II, James I, and William III of England, and perhaps Queen Anne and George III, Frederick the Great and his brother, Heinrich, Popes Paul II, Sixtus IV, and Julius II, Ludwig II of Bavaria, and others. Kings, indeed, seem peculiarly inclined to h.o.m.os.e.xuality.
[68]
Schultz, Das Hofische Leben, Bd. i, ch. xiii.
[69]
De Planctu Naturae has been translated by Douglas Moffat, Yale Studies in English, No. x.x.xvi, 1908.
[70]
P. de l"Estoile, Memoires-Journaux, vol. ii, p. 326.