Bernard Holland, is that in which Mr. Gladstone detailed the "conditions of an admissible plan" of Home Rule, and expressed a determination "on no account to do or say anything which would enable the Nationalists to establish rival biddings between us." It is so germane to this discussion that part of it is again printed in the appendix following this chapter (p. 208).]
"At the same time I received a letter from Chamberlain in which he said:
""Have I turned round? Perhaps I have, but it is unconsciously.
Honestly I thought you went beyond us in your speeches, but I feel that your judgment is very likely better and certainly as good as mine, and I should have said nothing but for the flood of letters I received.
""The situation changes every minute. The announcement of Mr. G."s plan makes it much more serious; and I altered my speech somewhat to-night to meet it, but unless I have failed in my endeavour I have not said anything which will embarra.s.s you, and I had you constantly in mind throughout. Please read it carefully and let me know exactly what you think and how far I have succeeded. I would not put you in a hole for a King"s ransom if I could avoid it.
""I agree entirely with you as to dissolution. The Tory game is to exaggerate Mr. Gladstone"s performance and to go to the country on the "integrity of the Empire." I have endeavoured to reserve our position, and, as to taking office, to make it clear that we are opposed to it, unless we can get a big majority, which is impossible. Unless I am mistaken, the Gladstone business will exclusively occupy attention the next few days, and my speech will pa.s.s without much notice. But again I say that I have tried (and I hope and believe I have succeeded) to avoid anything which may appear like contradiction or opposition to your line.
""Finally, my view is that Mr. G."s Irish scheme is death and d.a.m.nation; that we must try and stop it; that we must not openly commit ourselves against it yet; that we must let the situation shape itself before we finally decide; that the Whigs are our greatest enemies, and that we must not join them if we can help it; that we cannot take office, but must not offer a.s.sistance to the Tories publicly; that we must say all we can as to their shameful bargain and surrender of principle; that even if they bring in good measures they will also bring in bad, which we shall be forced to oppose; and that the less we speak in public for the present, the better."
"I had told Chamberlain that his speech had given the impression that he had turned round."
Sir Charles, in a further speech to his const.i.tuents at Chelsea, reaffirmed the principles which he had already publicly laid down.
"In speaking on the night of Friday, December 18th, at Chelsea, I declared that we ought not to allow ourselves to be driven either forward or backward from the principles that we had put forward with regard to Ireland, and that our course should be to continue to propose the measures which we had previously proposed without reference to the Parnellite support of Conservative candidates. The scheme which I had put forward at the General Election was the one to which I adhered. If it had been generally adopted when first suggested, it would have received very large support in Ireland."
He then quotes from the report of his speech this sentence: "We are told that now it is too late, but for my part I should not be inclined to recede from it because it does not meet with general support."
On this Chamberlain wrote:
"_December 19th_, 1885.
"My Dear Dilke,
"The papers this morning seem to show that I have succeeded in avoiding any kind of conflict with you. Your own speech was most judicious. What a mess Mr. G. has made of it! What will be the end of it all? Why the d---- could he not wait till Parnell had quarrelled with the Tories? I fancy that a large number, perhaps the majority, of Liberals will support _any_ scheme of Mr. G."s, but I doubt if the country will endorse it. The Tories, if they are wise, will throw everything else aside and go for the "Empire in danger,"
dissolving at the earliest possible opportunity. The Liberals would be divided and distracted, and I think we shall be beaten into a c.o.c.ked hat. Our game--yours and mine--is to avoid definite committal for the moment. Circ.u.mstances change every hour. Harcourt is coming to me on Sat.u.r.day and Sunday."
"On the next day Chamberlain sent me a copy of a letter to him from Mr. Gladstone:
""_December 18th_, 1885.
""My Dear Chamberlain,
""I thank you very much for your references to me in your speech last night.
""In this really serious crisis we must all make efforts to work together; and I gladly recognize your effort.
""Moreover, reading as well as writing hastily, I think we are very much in accord.
""Both reflection and information lead me to think that time is very precious, and that the hour-gla.s.s has begun to run for a definitive issue.
""But I am certainly and strongly of opinion that only a Government can act, that especially this Government should act, and that we should now be helping and encouraging them to act as far as we legitimately can.
""In reply to a proposal of the Central News to send me an interviewer, I have this morning telegraphed to London: "From my public declarations at Edinburgh _with respect to the Government_, you will easily see that I have no communication to make."
""Be _very incredulous_ as to any statements about my views and opinions. Rest a.s.sured that I have done and said _nothing_ which in any way points to negotiation or separate action. The time may come, but I hope it will not. At present I think most men, but I do not include you, are in too great a hurry to make up their minds. Much may happen before (say) January 12th. The first thing of all is to know _what will the Government do?_ I know they have been in communication with Parnellites, and I hope with Parnell.
""I remain always,
""Sincerely yours,
""W. E. Gladstone."
"I fancy that I was the cause of Chamberlain receiving this letter, as I had told Brett (who at once wrote to Hawarden) that Chamberlain was angry at not having been consulted."
"On December 21st we went down to Pyrford, which was now just finished, to stay there for the first time, and remained until Christmas Eve. On December 22nd I received a letter from Chamberlain from Highbury."
In this letter Mr. Chamberlain chronicled Sir William Harcourt"s visit--who, after "raving against the old man and the old cause," had left in better spirits. Mr. Chamberlain was in much doubt whether Mr.
Gladstone would go on or would retire after Lord Hartington"s letter to the Press, [Footnote: This is a reference to Lord Hartington"s letter in the Press of December 21st, 1885, which he alludes to, in writing to Mr.
Gladstone, as "published this morning" (_Life of Duke of Devonshire_, vol. ii., p. 103).] and had written to Mr. Gladstone to say that he did not think the country would stand an independent Parliament. He saw nothing between National Councils and Separation, and wondered whether Mr. Gladstone thought that--in the event of a separate Irish Legislature--Ireland could be governed by a single Chamber, and England and Scotland by two.
"On December 26th Chamberlain wrote:
""I do not envy you the opportunity of speaking on the 31st. It is a dangerous time, and I am inclined myself to "lie low." Is it desirable to say anything? If it is right to speak at all, I think something like a full expose of motifs is necessary, and I put the following before you as the heads of a discourse.
""At present there are two different ideas, for settlement of Ireland, before the public imagination, viz.: (A) National Councils; (B) Separation.
""As to A, the fundamental principles are supremacy of Imperial Parliament and extension of local liberties on munic.i.p.al lines. It is a feasible, practical plan. But it has the fatal objection that the Nationalists will not accept it. It is worse than useless to impose on them benefits which they repudiate. As to B, everyone professes to reject the idea of separation. If it were adopted, I have no doubt it would lead to the adoption of the conscription in Ireland; then to the conscription in England, and increase of the navy; fresh fortifications on the west coast, and finally a war in which Ireland would have the support of some other Power, perhaps America or France. Between these alternatives there is the hazy idea of Home Rule visible in Morley"s speech and Gladstone"s a.s.sumed intention. It is dangerous and mischievous to use vague language on such a subject. Those who speak ought to say exactly what they mean.
It will be found that Home Rule includes an independent separate Irish Parliament, and that all guarantees and securities, whether for the protection of minorities or for the security of the Empire, are absolutely illusory.
""At the same time we are to continue to receive Irish representatives at Westminster in the Imperial Parliament, and we shall not even get rid of their obstruction and interference here by the concession of their independence in Ireland. To any arrangement of this kind, unworkable as I believe it to be, I prefer separation--to which, indeed, it is only a step.
""Is there any other possible arrangement which would secure the real integrity of the Empire for Imperial purposes, while allowing Irishmen to play the devil as they like in Ireland?
""Yes, there is. But it involves the entire recasting of the British Const.i.tution and the full and complete adoption of the American system. According to this view you might have five Parliaments, for England, Scotland, Wales, Ulster, [Footnote: This is the first suggestion of a scheme under which part of Ireland would be separated from the rest.] and the three other provinces combined.
Each Parliament to have its own Ministry, responsible to it and dependent on its vote. In addition an Imperial Parliament or Reichsrath with another Ministry dealing with foreign and colonial affairs, army, navy, post-office, and customs.
""To carry out this arrangement a Supreme Court or similar tribunal must be established, to decide on the respective attributes of the several local legislatures and the limits of their authority.
""The House of Lords must go, or you must establish a separate Second Chamber for each legislature.
""It is impossible to suppose that the authority of the Crown could survive these changes for long. One or other of the local legislatures would refuse to pay the expense, and, as it would have some kind of local militia at its back, it is not likely that the other legislatures would engage in civil war for the sake of reimposing the nominal authority of the Sovereign.
""As a Radical all these changes have no terrors for me, but is it conceivable that such a clean sweep of existing inst.i.tutions could be made in order to justify the Irish demand for Home Rule? Yet this is the only form of federal government which offers any prospect of permanence or union for Imperial purposes.
""If English Liberals once see clearly that indefinite talk about Home Rule means either separation or the entire recasting of the whole system of English as well as Irish government, they will then be in a position to decide their policy. At present they are being led by the _Daily News_ and Morley and Co. to commit themselves in the dark."
"Next day, December 27th, Chamberlain wrote:
""The situation (Irish) is now as follows:
""(1) The Government have been informed that Mr. Gladstone thinks this great question should not be prejudiced by party feeling, and that he will support them in any attempt they may make to give Home Rule to Ireland.
""(2) Mr. Gladstone has been informed that the Government will see him d.a.m.ned first.
""(3) The Irishmen have been informed that Mr. Gladstone will not move a step till the Government have spoken or until the Irish have put them in a minority.