HAULYARDS. _See_ HALLIARDS.
HAUNCES. The breakings of the rudder abaft.
HAUNCH. A sudden fall or break, as from the drifts forward and aft to the waist. The same as _hance_.
HAVEN [Anglo-Saxon, _haefen_]. A safe refuge from the violence of wind and sea; much the same as harbour, though of less importance. A good anchorage rather than place of perfect shelter. Milford Haven is an exception.
HAVENET. This word has appeared in vocabularies as a small haven.
HAVEN-SCREAMER. The sea-gull, called _haefen_ by the Anglo-Saxons.
HAVERSACK. A coa.r.s.e linen bag with a strap fitting over the shoulder worn by soldiers or small-arm men in marching order, for carrying their provision, instead of the knapsack.
HAVILLER. _See_ HUFFLER.
HAVOC. Formerly a war cry, and the signal for indiscriminate slaughter.
Thus Shakspeare,
"Cry havoc! and let slip the dogs of war."
HAWK"S-BILL. _Chelone imbricata_, a well-known turtle frequenting the Atlantic and Indian Oceans, so named from having a small mouth like the beak of a hawk; it produces the tortoise-sh.e.l.l of commerce. The flesh is indifferent, but the eggs very good.
HAWSE. This is a term of great meaning. Strictly, it is that part of a vessel"s bow where holes are cut for her cables to pa.s.s through. It is also generally understood to imply the situation of the cables before the ship"s stem, when she is moored with two anchors out from forward, one on the starboard, and the other on the port bow. It also denotes any small distance between her head and the anchors employed to ride her, as "he has anch.o.r.ed in our hawse," "the brig fell athwart our hawse," &c.
Also, said of a vessel a little in advance of the stem; as, she sails _athwart hawse_, or has anch.o.r.ed _in the hawse_. If a vessel drives at her anchors into the hawse of another she is said to "_foul the hawse_"
of the vessel riding there; hence the threat of a man-of-war"s-man, "If you foul my hawse, I"ll cut your cable," no merchant vessel being allowed to approach a ship-of-war within certain limits, and never to make fast to the government buoys.--_A bold hawse_ is when the holes are high above the water. "Freshen hawse," or "veer out more cable," is said when part of the cable that lies in the hawse is fretted or chafed, and more should be veered out, so that another part of it may rest in the hawse. "Freshen hawse" also means, clap a service on or round the cable in the hawses to prevent it from fretting; hemp cables only are rounded or cackled. Also, a dram after fatiguing duty. "Clearing hawse," is untwisting or disentangling two cables that come through different holes, and make a foul hawse.
HAWSE-BAGS. Canvas bags filled with oak.u.m, used in heavy seas to stop the hawse-holes and prevent the water coming in.
HAWSE-BLOCKS. Bucklers, or pieces of wood made to fit over the hawse-holes when at sea, to back the hawse-plugs.
HAWSE-BOLSTERS. Planks above and below the hawse-holes. Also, pieces of canvas stuffed with oak.u.m and roped round, for plugging when the cables are bent.
HAWSE-BOX, OR NAVAL HOOD. Pieces of plank bolted outside round each of the hawse-holes, to support the projecting part of the hawse-pipe.
HAWSE-BUCKLERS. Plugs of wood to fit the hawse-holes, and hatches to bolt over, to keep the sea from spurting in.
HAWSE-FALLEN. To ride hawse-fallen, is when the water breaks into the hawse in a rough sea, driving all before it.
HAWSE-FULL. Riding hawse-full; pitching bows under.
HAWSE-HOLES. Cylindrical holes cut through the bows of a ship on each side of the stem, through which the cables pa.s.s, in order to be drawn into or let out of the vessel, as occasion requires.
HAWSE-HOOK. A compa.s.s breast timber which crosses the hawse-timber above the ends of the upper-deck planking, and over the hawse-holes. (_See_ BREAST-HOOKS.)
HAWSE-PIECES. The timbers which compose the bow of a vessel, and their sides look fore and aft; it is a name given to the foremost timbers of a ship, whose lower ends rest upon the knuckle-timbers. They are generally parallel to the stem, having their upper ends sometimes terminated by the lower part of the beak-head and otherwise by the top of the bow.
Also, timbers through which the hawse-holes are cut.
HAWSE-PIPE. A cast-iron pipe in the hawse-holes to prevent the cable from cutting the wood.
HAWSE-PLUGS. Blocks of wood made to fit into the hawse-pipes, and put in from the outside to stop the hawses, and thereby prevent the water from washing into the manger. The plug, coated with old canvas, is first inserted, then a mat or swab, and over it the buckler or shield, which bolts upward and downward into the breast-hooks.
HAWSER. A large rope or cablet, which holds the middle degree between the cable and tow-line, being a size smaller than the former, and as much larger than the latter; curiously, it is not hawser but cable laid.
HAWSER-LAID ROPE. Is rope made in the usual way, being three or four strands of yarns laid up right-handed, or with the sun; it is used for small running rigging, as well as for standing rigging, shrouds, &c.; in the latter case it is generally tarred to keep out rain. It is supposed that this style of rope is stronger in proportion to the number of yarns than cable or water-laid rope, which is more tightly twisted, each strand being a small rope. This latter is more impervious to water, and therefore good for cables, hawsers, &c.; it is laid left-handed, or against the sun.
HAWSE-TIMBERS. The upright timbers in the bow, bolted on each side of the stem, in which the hawse-holes are cut.
HAWSE-WOOD. A general name for the hawse-timbers.
HAY. A straight rank of men drawn up exactly in a line.
HAYE. A peculiar ground-shark on the coast of Guinea.
HAYLER. An archaism for halliard.
HAZE. A grayish vapour, less dense than a fog, and therefore does not generally exclude objects from sight.
HAZE, TO. To punish a man by making him do unnecessary work.
HEAD. The upper part or end of anything, as a mast-head, a timber-head.
Also, an ornamental figure on a ship"s stem expressive of her name, or emblematical of her object, &c. (_See_ BILLET-HEAD, BUST-HEAD, FAMILY-HEAD, FIDDLE-HEAD, FIGURE-HEAD, SCROLL-HEAD, &c.) Also, in a more enlarged sense, the whole fore-part of a ship, including the bows on each side; the head therefore opens the column of water through which the ship pa.s.ses when advancing; hence we say, _head-way_, _head-sails_, _head-sea_, &c. It is evident that the fore-part of a ship is called its head, from its a.n.a.logy to that of a fish, or any animal while swimming.
Also, in a confined sense, to that part on each side of the stem outside the bows proper which is appropriated to the use of the sailors for wringing swabs, or any wet jobs, for no wet is permitted in-board after the decks are dried. Also, hydrographically, the upper part of a gulf, bay, or creek.--_By the head_, the state of a ship which, by her lading, draws more water forward than aft. This may be remedied without reference to cargo in ships-of-war, by shifting shot, guns, &c. Vessels _by the head_ are frequently uneasy, gripe and pitch more than when _by the stern_.
HEAD AND GUN-MONEY. An encouragement in the prize acts by which 5 a head is given to the captors for every person on board a captured vessel of war, or pirate.
HEAD-BOARDS. The berthing or close-boarding between the head-rails.
HEAD-CLUE OF A HAMMOCK. Where the head rests. (_See_ HAMMOCK.)
HEAD-CRINGLES. Earing-cringles at the upper clues or corners of a sail.
HEAD-EARINGS. The laniards to haul out the earings. (_See_ EARINGS.)
HEADER. The person in the Newfoundland fishing vessels who is engaged to cut open the fish, tear out the entrails, break off the head, and pa.s.s it over to the _splitter_, who sits opposite to him.
HEAD-FAST. A rope or chain employed to fasten the head of a ship or boat to a wharf or buoy, or to some other vessel alongside.--_Head-fast of a boat_, the tow-rope or painter.
HEAD-HOLES. The eyelet-holes where the rope-bands of a sail are fitted; they are worked b.u.t.ton-hole fashion, over grommets of twine of several thicknesses; sometimes of cod-line.
HEADING. As to ships in company, one advancing by sail or steam faster than another heads her.
HEADING UP THE LAND WATER. When the flood-tide is backed by a wind, so that the ebb is r.e.t.a.r.ded, causing an overflow.
HEAD-KNEES. Pieces of moulded compa.s.s timber fayed edgeways to the cut-water and stem, to steady the former. These are also called _cheek-knees_.
HEADLAND. Wherever the coast presents a high cliffy salient angle to the sea, without projecting far into it, it is called a headland; but if the point be low, it is a spit, tongue, or point. (_See_ BLUFF.)
HEADMOST. The situation of any ship or ships which are the most advanced in a fleet, or line of battle. The opposite of _sternmost_.