And you say to yourself, No, I won"t discourage the others. And that is English. And that is why I like the English; they are at least reasonable."
This was balm to me. The sense of desolation had vanished. Here was the proof that I had been a good witness, and served to uphold the good name of England, and also that I had conquered a friend.
I think it was the same afternoon, because there were Catechism cla.s.ses, from which, as a Protestant, I was exempted, that I was sent out into the garden, for the first time, at an hour when no other pupils were there. Later on this privilege was very often accorded me, for the same reason; so that, in my own day at any rate, no one else in the school had the opportunity I had given me, and that I used, of taking possession of the enchanted place and making it my very own. And this was so because there was no knowledge in my mind at the time that Some One had been beforehand with me here; and that although for my inner self it became (and must always be for me exclusively) my own beautiful, well-enclosed, flower-scented, turf-carpeted, Eden where the spirit of my youth had its home before any worldly influences, or any knowledge of evil, had come between it and the poetry of its aspirations and its dreams, yet for every one _but_ myself, it is Charlotte Bronte"s Garden of Imagination, where _she_ used to "_stray down the pleasant alleys and hear the bells of St. Jean Baptiste peal out with their sweet, soft, exalted sound._[1]
And although no angel with a flaming sword--no, nor yet any Belgian architects and masons, who have broken down the walls and uprooted the old trees, and made the old historical garden in the Rue d"Isabelle a place of stones--can drive me out of _my_ garden of memories where still (and more often than before as the day darkens) I walk "in the cool of the evening" with the spirit of my youth; yet, for English readers, it is not I, but Charlotte Bronte who must describe, what I could never dare nor desire to paint after her, the famous _Allee defendue_ that holds such a romantic place in her novel of Lucy Snowe, and that was also the scene of my second meeting with M. Heger.
"In the garden there _was a large berceau_," wrote the author of _Villette_, "_above which spread the shade of an acacia; there was a smaller, more sequestered bower, nestled in the vines which ran along a high and grey wall and gathered their tendrils in a knot of beauty; and hung their cl.u.s.ters in loving profusion about the favoured spot, where jasmine and ivy met and married them ... this alley, which ran parallel with the very high wall on that side of the garden, was forbidden to be entered by the pupils; it was called indeed l"Allee defendue._"
In my day there was no prohibition of the _Allee defendue_, although the name survived. It was only forbidden to play noisy or disturbing games there; as it was to be reserved for studious pupils, or for the mistresses who wished to read or converse there in quietude.
[Ill.u.s.tration: THE "ALLeE DeFENDUE"]
If I had a lesson to learn, it was to the _Allee defendue_ that I took my book; and in this _allee_ I had already discovered and appropriated a sheltered nook, at the furthest end of the _berceau_, where one was nearly hidden oneself in the vine"s curtain, but had a delightful view of the garden. Before reaching this low bench, I had noticed, when entering the _berceau_, that a ladder stood in the centre; and that, out of view in so far as his head went, a man, in his shirt sleeves, was clipping and thinning the vines. I took it for granted he was a gardener, and paid no attention to him; but, in a quite happy frame of mind, sat down to learn some poetry by heart. My impression is that it was Lamartine"s _Chte des Feuilles_. Shutting my eyes, whilst repeating the verses out aloud (a trick I had), I opened them, _to see M. Heger_.
He it was who had been thinning the vine; it was a favourite occupation of his (had I read _Villette_ I should have known it).[2] Once again he took me by surprise, and I was full of anxiety as to what might come of it. Since I entered the school I had, indeed, caught distant views of him, hurrying through the cla.s.s-rooms to or from his lessons in the First and Second divisions. But until my French had improved I was placed in the Third division, where M. Heger only taught occasionally, so that I had not yet received any lesson from him.
It was a relief to see that he looked amiable, and even friendly; if only I didn"t lose my head and say the wrong thing again! One thing I kept steadily in view; nothing must induce me to forget my brother"s advice this time; there must be no attempt at fine phrases, this time nothing that could possibly appear like showing off.... But all my anxieties upon this occasion were dispelled by the purpose of my Professor"s disturbance of my studies. He invited me to a.s.sist him in washing a very stout but very affectionate white dog, to whom I was told I owed this service as he was a compatriot of mine, an English dog, with an English name: a very inappropriate one, for he was sweet-tempered and white, and the name was Pepper. For this operation of washing Pepper, I was invited upstairs into M. Heger"s library, which was, in this beautifully clean and orderly house, a model of disorder; clouded as to air, and soaked as to scent, with the smoke of living and the acc.u.mulated ashes of dead cigars. But the shelves laden from floor to ceiling with books made a delightful spectacle.
Upon the occasion of this first visit to his library, M. Heger made me the present of a book that marked a new epoch in my life, because, before I was fifteen, it put before me in a vivid and amusing way the problem of personality, _Le Voyage autour de ma Chambre_ of Xavier de Maistre, was my introduction to thoughts and speculations that led me to a later interest in Oriental philosophy, and especially in Buddhism. I must not forget another present in the form of one more of those luminous little sentences that, as I have said, he used as Lanterns, turning them to send light in different directions. I had confided to him, not my own methods of philosophy--I did not dare incur the risk--but my newly found friend"s methods of helping herself to be "reasonable." M. Heger showed no enthusiasm, nor even approval: and I found out that he had a strong dislike to my elected friend. Personally he would have preferred and recommended _Religious_ methods of prayer, and docile submission to spiritual direction, to any philosophy, especially in the case of women. But he quoted to me and wrote down for me, and exhorted me to learn by heart and repeat aloud (as I actually did), a definition of the philosophy of life of an Eighteenth-century Woman, as "_Une facon de tirer parti de sa raison pour son bonheur_." I discovered this sentence a great many years afterwards in a book of the de Goncourts. But M. Heger first gave it to me in my girlhood.
Although it was, of course, as Professor of Literature that M. Heger excelled, he was in other domains--in every domain he entered--an original and an effective teacher. Let me give the history of a famous Lesson in Arithmetic by M. Heger that took place, I am not quite sure why, in the large central hall, or _Galerie_ as it was called, that flanked the square, enclosing the court or playground of daily boarders, whilst the _Galerie_ divided the court from the garden. For some special reason, all the cla.s.ses attended this particular lesson; where the subject was the _Different effects upon value, of multiplication and division in the several cases of fractions and integers_. Madame Heger and the Mesdemoiselles Heger, and all the governesses were there. I had been promoted into the first cla.s.s (pa.s.sing the second cla.s.s over altogether) before this, so that I was a regular pupil of M. Heger"s in literature, and certainly in this cla.s.s, a favourite. But I was a complete dunce at arithmetic, and it was a settled conviction in my mind that my stupidity was written against me in the book of destiny; and I admit that, as it did not seem of any use for me to try to do anything in this field, I had given up trying, and when arithmetic lessons were being given I employed my thoughts elsewhere. But a lesson from M. Heger was another thing; even a lesson in arithmetic by him might be worth while. So that I really did, with all the power of brain that was in me, try to apply myself to the understanding of his lesson. But it was of no use; after about five minutes, the usual arithmetic brain-symptoms began; words ceased to mean anything at all intelligible. It was really a sort of madness; and therefore in self-defence I left the thing alone and looked out of the window, whilst the lesson lasted. It never entered my head that _I_ was in any danger of being questioned: no one ever took any notice of me at the arithmetic lessons. It was recognised that, here, I was no good; and as I was good elsewhere, they left me alone.
Yes, but M. Heger wasn"t going to leave me alone. Evidently he had taken a great deal of trouble, and wanted the lesson to be a success. And it had not succeeded. He was dissatisfied with all the answers he received.
He ran about on the _estrade_ getting angrier and angrier. And then at last, to my horror, he called upon _me_; and what cut me to the soul, I saw that there was a look of confidence in his face, as if to say "Here is some one who will have understood!"
... Well of course the thing was hopeless. I had a sort of mad notion that a miracle might happen, and that Providence might interfere, and that if by accident I repeated some words I had heard him say there might be some sense in them--but, as Matthew Arnold said, miracles don"t happen. It was deplorable. I saw him turn to Madame Heger with a shrug of the shoulders: and that he must have said of the whole English race abominable things, and of this English girl in particular, may be taken for granted; because Madame Heger hardly ever spoke a word when he was angry. But now she said something soothing about the English nation, and in my praise. Well, my case being settled, M. Heger began: and he did not leave off until the whole Galerie was a house of mourning. In the whole place, the only dry eyes were mine, and here I had to exercise no self-control; for although at first I had been sorry for him, now I was really so angry with him for attacking these harmless girls, and attributing to them abominable heartlessness, although the place rang with their sobs, that I don"t think I should have minded a slight attack of apoplexy--only I shouldn"t have liked him to have died.
It was really a bewildering and almost maddening thing, because on both sides it was so absurd. First of all, what had all these weeping girls done to deserve the reproaches the Professor heaped upon them? "They said to themselves," he told them: ""What does this old Papa-Heger matter? Let him sit up at night, let him get up early, let him spend all his days in thinking how he can serve _us_, make difficulties light, and dark things clear to _us. We_ are not going to take any trouble on our side, not we! why should we? Indeed, it amuses us to see him _navre_--for us, it is a good farce.""
The wail rose up--"_Mais non, Monsieur, ce n"est pas vrai, cela ne nous amuse pas; nous sommes tristes, nous pleurons, voyez._"
The Professor took no heed; he continued. "They said to themselves "Ah!
the old man, _le pauvre vieux_, takes an interest in us, he loves us; it pleases him to think when he is dead, and has disappeared, these little pupils whom he has tried to render intelligent, and well instructed, and adorned with gifts of the mind, will think of his lessons, and wish they had been more attentive. Foolish old thing! not at all," they say, "as if _we_ had any care for him or his lessons.""
The wail rose up--"_Ce n"est pas gentil ce que vous dites la, Monsieur: nous avons beaucoup de respect pour vous, nous aimons vos lecons; oui, nous travaillerons bien, vous allez voir, pardonnez-nous_."
"Frankly, now, does that touch you?" I heard behind me. "It is not reasonable! I find it even stupid (_je le trouve meme bete_)." Marie Hazard, of course. I made a mistake when I said _my_ eyes were the only dry ones. Here was my philosopher-friend, amongst the pupils in the Galerie, and her eyes were quite as dry as mine.
But the story of the Lesson in Arithmetic does not finish here; and nothing would be more ungrateful were I to hide the ending: by which I was the person to benefit most. To my alarm, in the recreation hour next day, M. Heger came up to me, still with a frowning brow and a strong look of dislike, and told me he wished to prove to himself whether I was negligent or incapable. Because if I was incapable, it was idle to waste time on me--so much the worse for my poor mother, who deceived herself!
On the other hand, if I was negligent, it was high time I should correct myself. This was what had to be seen. I followed him up to his library, not joyously like the willing a.s.sistant in the washing of Pepper, but like a trembling criminal led to execution. I felt he was going again over "fractions" and the "integers." I knew I shouldn"t understand them; and that he wouldn"t understand that I was "incapable," that when arithmetic began my brain was sure to go!
The funny and pleasant thing about M. Heger was that he was so fond of teaching, and so truly in his element when he began it, that his temper became sweet at once; and I loved his face when it got the look upon it that came in lesson-hours: so that, whereas we were hating each other when we crossed the threshold of the door, we liked each other very much when we sat down to the table; and I had an excited feeling that he was going to make me understand. _It took him rather less than a quarter of an hour._
On the table before us he had a bag of macaroon biscuits, and half a Brioche cake. He presented me with a macaroon. There you have one whole macaroon (_integre_): well, but let us be generous. Suppose I multiply my gift, by eight: now you have eight whole macaroons and _are eight times richer_, hein? But that"s too many; _eight_ whole macaroons! I divide them between you and me. As the result, you have half the eight.
But now for our _half-Brioche_; we have one piece only: and we are _two people_, so we multiply the pieces. But _each is smaller_, the more pieces, the smaller slice of cake; here are eight pieces; they are really too small for anything, we will divide this collection of pieces into two parts. Now does not this division make you better off, hein?
Then he folded his arms across his chest in a Napoleonic att.i.tude, and nodding his head at me, asked, "_Que c"est difficile,--n"est-ce pas_?"
Of course in this, and indeed in all his personal and special methods, M. Heger followed Rousseau faithfully. But, then, where is the modern educationalist since 1762 who does _not_ found himself upon Rousseau?
It was not, however, in rescuing one from the slough of despond, where natural defects would have left one without his aid, that M. Heger excelled--it was rather in calling out one"s best faculties; in stimulating one"s natural gifts; in lifting one above satisfaction with mediocrity; in fastening one"s attention on models of perfection; in inspiring one with a sense of reverence and love for them, that M.
Heger"s peculiar talent lay.
I may attempt only to sum up a _few_ maxims of his, that have constantly lived in my own mind: but I feel painfully my inability to convey the impression they produced when given by this incomparable Professor; whose power belonged to his personality; and was consequently a power that cannot be reproduced, nor continued by any disciple. The Teacher of genius is born and not made.
The first of these maxims was that, before entering upon the study of any n.o.ble or high order of thoughts, one had to follow the methods symbolised by the Eastern practice of leaving one"s shoes outside of the Mosque doors. There were any number of ways of "putting off the shoes"
of vulgarity, suggested to one"s choice by M. Heger: the reading of some beautiful pa.s.sage in a favourite book; the repet.i.tion of a familiar verse: attention to some very beautiful object: the deliberate recollection of some heroic action, _etc._ With different temperaments different plans might be followed:--what was necessary was that one did not enter the sacred place without some _deliberate_ renunciation of vulgarity and earthliness: by _some_ mental act, or process, one must have "put off one"s shoes." There is here a strange circ.u.mstance that I was too young to feel the true importance of at the time, but that I have often wondered over since then. There can be no doubt of M. Heger"s rigid orthodoxy as a Catholic. Yet whilst the recitation of the Rosary inaugurated the daily lessons, M, Heger had a special invocation[3] of "the Spirits of _Wisdom_, _Truth_, _Justice_, _and Equanimity_," that was recited by some chosen pupil; who had to come out of her place in cla.s.s and stand near him; and who was not allowed by him to gabble. And this was the invariable introduction to _his_ lesson. I can"t feel it was an orthodox proceeding: _There was not a Saint"s name anywhere!_ But I feel the infallible impression it produced upon me now. One effect, in the sense of "putting off one"s shoes," that it had for myself was that the Professor of Literature appeared to me without any of the dislikable qualities of the everyday M. Heger.
Another maxim of M. Heger"s was certainly borrowed from Voltaire: That one must give one"s soul as many forms as possible. _Il faut donner a son ame toutes les formes possibles_. Again, that every sort of literature and literary style has its merits, _except the literature that is not literary and the style that is bad:_ here again, one has, of course, Voltaire"s well-known phrases: _J"admets tous les genres, hors le genre ennuyeux_."
A third maxim was that one must never employ, nor tolerate the employment of, a literary image as _an argument_. The purpose of a literary image is to illuminate as a vision, and to interpret as a parable. An image that does not serve both these purposes is a fault in style.
_A fourth maxim_ is that one must never neglect the warning one"s ear gives one of a _fault_ in style; and never trust one"s ear exclusively about the merits of a literary style.
_A fifth rule_:--One must not fight with a difficult sentence; but take it for a walk with one; or sleep with the thought of it present in one"s mind; and let the difficulty arrange itself whilst one looks on.
_A sixth rule_:--One must not read, before sitting down to write, a great stylist with a marked manner of his own; unless this manner happens to resemble one"s own.
Now I shall be told that these rules and maxims, whether true or false, are "known to nearly every one," and are of a.s.sistance to no one; because people who can write do not obey rules: and people who can"t write are not taught to do so by rules. If this were literally true then there would be no room in the world for a Professor of Literature. My own opinion is that there are very few good writers who do not obey rules; and that these rules are, if contracted in youth, of great use as a discipline that saves original writers from the defect of their quality of originality, in a p.r.o.neness to mannerisms and whims.
In connection with the possible complaint that I am putting forward as M. Heger"s maxims, sentences that were not originally invented nor uttered by him, my reply is that I do not affirm that he invented his own maxims, but simply that he chose them from an enormous store he had collected by study and fine taste and by a sound critical judgment, the result of an extensive acquaintanceship with the best that has been said and thought in the world by philosophers, poets, and literary artists and connoisseurs. In his character of a Professor of literature I find it hard to imagine that any gift of original thought, or personal power of expressing his own thoughts, could have placed M. Heger"s pupils under the same obligations as did his knowledge of beautiful ideas, beautifully expressed, gathered from north, south, east and west, in cla.s.sical, mediaeval and modern times. To be given these precious and luminous thoughts in one"s youth, when they have a special power to "rouse, incite and gladden one," is a supreme boon:--and in my own case my grat.i.tude to M. Heger has never been in the least disturbed by the discovery that he was not the inventor of the maxims that have constantly been a light to my feet and a lantern to my path during the half-century that has elapsed since I received them from him in the historical Pensionnat, that stood for many years, after Monsieur Heger himself had vanished out of life, but that stands no longer in the Rue d"Isabelle.
[1] From Mlle. Louise Heger I have this note: "_Les cloches de St.
Jacques et non pas St. Jean Baptiste, eglise qui se trouve a l"autre cote de la ville pres du ca.n.a.l: quartier du Pere Silas dans "Villette."_"
[2] _Villette_, chapter xii.
[3] Esprit de Sagesse, conduisez-nous: Esprit de Verite, enseignez-nous: Esprit de Charite, vivifiez-nous: Esprit de Prudence, preservez-nous: Esprit de Force, defendez-nous: Esprit de Justice, eclairez-nous: Esprit Consolateur, apaisez-nous.
Here is the invocation, sent me by Mlle. Heger; who has, with extreme kindness, endeavoured to recover it for me.
CHAPTER V
THE STORY OF A CHAPEAU D"UNIFORME
In connection with the particular Belgian schoolgirls whom I knew, who still, in 1860, learnt their lessons in the cla.s.s-rooms where Charlotte Bronte once taught, and who were still taught by M. Heger, and still surrounded with the benign and serene influences of Madame Heger, let me prove that these schoolgirls had not the characteristics of the _Lesba.s.secouriennes_; and that Charlotte Bronte displayed insular prejudice, as well as an imagination coloured by the distress of an unhappy pa.s.sion, when she said of them, "_The Continental female is quite a different being to the insular female of the same age and cla.s.s._"[1]
Inasmuch as the story I have to tell is the story of a Bonnet, it will be recognised as one that is calculated to display the qualities and intimate and essential peculiarities of the "Continental female" (under sixteen) in a light, and under the stress and strain of pa.s.sions and interests, too serious to permit of any tampering with, or disguise of, nature. One has to realise, also, that the question is not merely of a bonnet, but of a Best Bonnet, a Sunday Bonnet. For, in the remote days of which I am now writing modern young people should realise even schoolgirls of ten or twelve wore bonnets on Sunday, and even upon week-days, when they went beyond the borders of their garden: a hat was thought indecorous on the head of any girl in her "teens--a form of undress rather than of dress. To wear a hat was like wearing a pinafore--a confession that one had not forgotten the nursery. To save one"s best Sunday Bonnet, in the garden, one might go about in a hat, and in the bosom of one"s family wear a pinafore to save a new dress; but in the same way that one did not go into the drawing-room with a pinafore on, one did not, in those days, pay visits in a hat: and to go to church in one would have been thought irreverent. So that a Sunday Bonnet meant that childish ways were done with, and that one had attained the age of reason. Like a barrister"s wig it imposed seriousness on the wearer, who had to live up to it. Madame Heger, when establishing the rules for the uniform that was worn by all the pupils of the school in the Rue d"Isabelle, paid great attention to the Sunday Bonnet. Following the sense she lent to the law of her system of government, the love of dress was not to be allowed amongst her pupils to become an encouragement to vanity and rivalship, and hence one uniform, for rich and poor alike, avoided any chance of vain, unkind, and envious feelings; but at the same time the love of dress was not to be discouraged altogether; because it was serviceable to taste, and the care for appearance, without which a young person remains deficient in femininity. Therefore although every boarder wore the same uniform, what this uniform was to be was made quite an important question: and the girls were invited to choose a committee to decide it, in consultation with their head-mistress. And to this consultation Madame Heger brought a large spirit of indulgence, especially where the Sunday Bonnet was concerned. The Sunday Dress had to be black silk--about the _facon_ there might be discussion, but not about the colour or material. On the other hand, about the Bonnet, everything was left an open question. It might be fashionable: it might be becoming: and even serviceableness was not made a too stringent obligation. Indeed in the first year of my school career the Sunday Bonnet selected for the summer months was the reverse of serviceable. It was white chip; it was decorated with pink rosebuds, where blonde and tulle mingled with the rosebuds; it had broad white ribands edged with black velvet--in short, a very charming Bonnet: but sown with perils. Everything about it could get easily soiled; and nothing about it would stand exposure to rain.
Madame Heger, recognising these material inconveniences, had nevertheless seen that, on the educational side, there were compensating advantages--the cultivation of neatness and order. She had not then discouraged the white chip, rosebuds and the rest; at the same time, she had stated the case for a yellow straw, with a plaid-ribbon that would not easily soil.
"On the one hand," she had said, "you may, with merely simple precautions, carry your Bonnet through the summer to the big holidays, without anxiety. On the other hand, no doubt there will be anxiety: the white chip is extremely pretty, but do not forget that it will require almost incessant care. Never must this Bonnet be put on one side without a clean white handkerchief to cover it. Not only so, one storm, if you have no umbrella, will suffice; everything will need renewal. And I warn you, my children, that if this misfortune arrive, it is not I, but _you_, who will have to ask your good mammas for another Bonnet. _I_ ask from your parents a _chapeau d"uniforme_, and one only, each term: no more. So now decide as you please."
_The decision had been for the white chip, arrive what may_. My own point of view, whilst the subject was being discussed around me, was that nothing could interest me less. Fancy troubling one"s head about a Bonnet! I did not say it, because I had no wish to make myself unpopular, but the interest in the affair appeared to me puerile.