Then with that charming confidence of hers in his knowledge and ability she put her doubts and fears before him. What did he really think of these places? What did he think of Susan Burnet"s idea of ruined lodging-house keepers? "I used to think our stores were good things,"
she said. "Is this likely to be a good thing at all?"
Mr. Brumley said "Um" a great number of times and realized that he was a humbug. He fenced with her and affected sagacity for a time and suddenly he threw down his defences and confessed he knew as little of the business as she did. "But I see it is a complex question and--it"s an interesting one too. May I enquire into it for you? I think I might be able to hunt up a few particulars...."
He went away in a glow of resolution.
Georgina was about the only intimate who regarded the new development without misgiving.
"You think you"re going to do all sorts of things with these Hostels, Ella," she said, "but as a matter of fact they"re bound to become just exactly what we"ve always wanted."
"And what may that be?" asked Mrs. Sawbridge over her macrame work.
"Strongholds for a garrison of suffragettes," said Georgina with the light of the Great Insane Movement in her eyes and a ringing note in her voice. "Fort Chabrols for women."
--6
For some months in a negative and occasionally almost negligent fashion Mr. Brumley had been living up to his impa.s.sioned resolve to be an unselfish lover of Lady Harman. He had been rather at loose ends intellectually, deprived of his old a.s.sumptions and habitual att.i.tudes and rather chaotic in the matter of his new convictions. He had given most of his productive hours to the writing of a novel which was to be an entire departure from the Euphemia tradition. The more he got on with this, the more clearly he realized that it was essentially insignificant. When he re-read what he had written he was surprised by crudities where he had intended sincerities and rhetoric where the scheme had demanded pa.s.sion. What was the matter with him? He was stirred that Lady Harman should send for him, and his inability to deal with her perplexities deepened his realization of the ignorance and superficiality he had so long masked even from himself beneath the tricks and pretensions of a gay scepticism. He went away fully resolved to grapple with the entire Hostel question, and he put the patched and tortured ma.n.u.script of the new novel aside with a certain satisfaction to do this.
The more he reflected upon the nature of this study he proposed for himself the more it attracted him. It was some such reality as this he had been wanting. He could presently doubt whether he would ever go back to his novel-writing again, or at least to the sort of novel-writing he had been doing hitherto. To invent stories to save middle-aged prosperous middle-cla.s.s people from the distresses of thinking, is surely no work for a self-respecting man. Stevenson in the very deeps of that dishonourable traffic had realized as much and likened himself to a _fille de joie_, and Haggard, of the same school and period, had abandoned blood and thunder at the climax of his success for the honest study of agricultural conditions. The newer successes were turning out work, less and less conventional and agreeable and more and more stiffened with facts and sincerities.... He would show Lady Harman that a certain debonair quality he had always affected, wasn"t incompatible with a powerful grasp of general conditions.... And she wanted this done. Suppose he did it in a way that made him necessary to her. Suppose he did it very well.
He set to work, and understanding as you do a certain quality of the chameleon in Mr. Brumley"s moral nature, you will understand that he worked through a considerable variety of moods. Sometimes he worked with disinterested pa.s.sion and sometimes he was greatly sustained by this thought that here was something that would weave him in with the gravities of her life and give him perhaps a new inlet to intimacy. And presently a third thing came to his help, and that was the discovery that the questions arising out of this attempt to realize the importance of those Hostels, were in themselves very fascinating questions for an intelligent person.
Because before you have done with the business of the modern employe, you must, if you are an intelligent person, have taken a view of the whole vast process of social reorganization that began with the development of factory labour and big towns, and which is even now scarcely advanced enough for us to see its general trend. For a time Mr.
Brumley did not realize the magnitude of the thing he was looking at; when he did, theories sprouted in his mind like mushrooms and he babbled with mental excitement. He came in a state of the utmost lucidity to explain his theories to Lady Harman, and they struck that lady at the time as being the most illuminating suggestions she had ever encountered. They threw an appearance of order, of process, over a world of trade and employment and compet.i.tion that had hitherto seemed too complex and mysterious for any understanding.
"You see," said Mr. Brumley--they had met that day in Kensington Gardens and they were sitting side by side upon green chairs near the frozen writings of Physical Energy--"You see, if I may lecture a little, putting the thing as simply as possible, the world has been filling up new s.p.a.ces ever since the discovery of America; all the period from then to about 1870, let us say, was a period of rapid increase of population in response to new opportunities of living and new fulnesses of life in every direction. During that time, four hundred years of it roughly, there was a huge development of family life; to marry and rear a quite considerable family became the chief business of everybody, celibacy grew rare, monasteries and nunneries which had abounded vanished like things dissolving in a flood and even the priests became Protestant against celibacy and took unto themselves wives and had huge families.
The natural checks upon increase, famine and pestilence, were lifted by more systematized communication and by scientific discovery; and altogether and as a consequence the world now has probably three or four times the human population it ever carried before. Everywhere in that period the family prevailed again, the prospering multiplying household; it was a return to the family, to the reproductive social grouping of early barbaric life, and naturally all the thought of the modern world which has emerged since the fifteenth century falls into this form. So I see it, Lady Harman. The generation of our grandfathers in the opening nineteenth century had two shaping ideas, two forms of thought, the family and progress, not realizing that that very progress which had suddenly reopened the doors of opportunity for the family that had revived the ancient injunction to increase and multiply and replenish the earth, might presently close that door again and declare the world was filled. But that is what is happening now. The doors close. That immense swarming and multiplying of little people is over, and the forces of social organization have been coming into play now, more and more for a century and a half, to produce new wholesale ways of doing things, new great organizations, organizations that invade the autonomous family more and more, and are perhaps destined ultimately to destroy it altogether and supersede it. At least it is so I make my reading of history in these matters."
"Yes," said Lady Harman, with knitted brows, "Yes," and wondered privately whether it would be possible to get from that opening to the matter of her Hostels before it was time for her to return for Sir Isaac"s tea.
Mr. Brumley continued to talk with his eyes fixed as it were upon his thoughts. "These things, Lady Harman, go on at different paces in different regions. I will not trouble you with a discussion of that, or of emigration, of any of the details of the vast proliferation that preceded the present phase. Suffice it, that now all the tendency is back towards restraints upon increase, to an increasing celibacy, to a fall in the birth-rate and in the average size of families, to--to a release of women from an entire devotion to a numerous offspring, and so at last to the supersession of those little family units that for four centuries have made up the substance of social life and determined nearly all our moral and sentimental att.i.tudes. The autonomy of the family is being steadily destroyed, and it is being replaced by the autonomy of the individual in relation to some syndicated economic effort."
"I think," said Lady Harman slowly, arresting him by a gesture, "if you could make that about autonomy a little clearer...."
Mr. Brumley did. He went on to point out with the lucidity of a University Extension lecturer what he meant by these singular phrases.
She listened intelligently but with effort. He was much too intent upon getting the thing expressed to his own satisfaction to notice any absurdity in his preoccupation with these theories about the population of the world in the face of her immediate practical difficulties. He declared that the onset of this new phase in human life, the modern phase, wherein there was apparently to be no more "proliferating," but instead a settling down of population towards a stable equilibrium, became apparent first with the expropriation of the English peasantry and the birth of the factory system and machine production. "Since that time one can trace a steady subst.i.tution of wholesale and collective methods for household and family methods. It has gone far with us now.
Instead of the woman drawing water from a well, the pipes and taps of the water company. Instead of the home-made rushlight, the electric lamp. Instead of home-spun, ready-made clothes. Instead of home-brewed, the brewer"s cask. Instead of home-baked, first the little baker and then, clean and punctual, the International Bread and Cake Stores.
Instead of the child learning at its mother"s knee, the compulsory elementary school. Flats take the place of separate houses. Instead of the little holding, the big farm, and instead of the children working at home, the factory. Everywhere synthesis. Everywhere the little independent proprietor gives place to the company and the company to the trust. You follow all this, Lady Harman?"
"Go on," she said, encouraged by that transitory glimpse of the Stores in his discourse.
"Now London--and England generally--had its period of expansion and got on to the beginnings at least of this period of synthesis that is following it, sooner than any other country in the world; and because it was the first to reach the new stage it developed the characteristics of the new stage with a stronger flavour of the old than did such later growths of civilization as New York or Bombay or Berlin. That is why London and our British big cities generally are congestions of little houses, little homes, while the newer great cities run to apartments and flats. We hadn"t grasped the logical consequences of what we were in for so completely as the people abroad did who caught it later, and that is why, as we began to develop our new floating population of mainly celibate employees and childless people, they had mostly to go into lodgings, they went into the homes that were intended for families as accessories to the family, and they were able to go in because the families were no longer so numerous as they used to be. London is still largely a city of landladies and lodgings, and in no other part of the world is there so big a population of lodgers. And this business of your Hostels is nothing more nor less than the beginning of the end of that.
Just as the great refreshment caterers have mopped up the ancient mult.i.tude of coffee-houses and squalid little special feeding arrangements of the days of t.i.ttlebat t.i.tmouse and d.i.c.k Swiveller, so now your Hostels are going to mop up the lodging-house system of London.
Of course there are other and kindred movements. Naturally. The Y.W.C.A., the Y.M.C.A., the London Girls Club Union and so forth are all doing kindred work."
"But what, Mr. Brumley, what is to become of the landladies?" asked Lady Harman.
Mr. Brumley was checked in mid theory.
"I hadn"t thought of the landladies," he said, after a short pause.
"They worry me," said Lady Harman.
"Um," said Mr. Brumley, thrown out.
"Do you know the other day I went into Chelsea, where there are whole streets of lodgings, and--I suppose it was wrong of me, but I went and pretended to be looking for rooms for a girl clerk I knew, and I saw--Oh! no end of rooms. And such poor old women, such dingy, worked-out, broken old women, with a kind of fearful sharpness, so eager, so dreadfully eager to get that girl clerk who didn"t exist...."
She looked at him with an expression of pained enquiry.
"That," said Mr. Brumley, "that I think is a question, so to speak, for the social ambulance. If perhaps I might go on----That particular difficulty we might consider later. I think I was talking of the general synthesis."
"Yes," said Lady Harman. "And what is it exactly that is to take the place of these isolated little homes and these dreary little lodgings?
Here are we, my husband and I, rushing in with this new thing, just as he rushed in with his stores thirty years ago and overset little bakers and confectioners and refreshment dealers by the hundred. Some of them--poor dears--they----I don"t like to think. And it wasn"t a good thing he made after all,--only a hard sort of thing. He made all those shops of his--with the girls who strike and say they are sweated and driven.... And now here we are making a kind of barrack place for people to live in!"
She expressed the rest of her ideas with a gesture of the hands.
"I admit the process has its dangers," said Mr. Brumley. "It"s like the supersession of the small holdings by the _latifundia_ in Italy. But that"s just where our great opportunity comes in. These synthetic phases have occurred before in the world"s history and their history is a history of lost opportunities.... But need ours be?"
She had a feeling as though something had slipped through her fingers.
"I feel," she said, "that it is more important to me than anything else in life, that these Hostels, anyhow, which are springing so rapidly from a chance suggestion of mine, shouldn"t be lost opportunities."
"Exactly," said Mr. Brumley, with the gesture of one who recovers a thread. "That is just what I am driving at."
The fingers of his extended hand felt in the warm afternoon air for a moment, and then he said "Ah!" in a tone of recovery while she waited respectfully for the resumed thread.
"You see," he said, "I regard this process of synthesis, this subst.i.tution of wholesale and collective methods for homely and individual ones as, under existing conditions, inevitable--inevitable.
It"s the phase we live in, it"s to this we have to adapt ourselves. It is as little under your control or mine as the movement of the sun through the zodiac. Practically, that is. And what we have to do is not, I think, to sigh for lost homes and the age of gold and spade husbandry, and pigs and hens in the home, and so on, but to make this new synthetic life tolerable for the ma.s.s of men and women, hopeful for the ma.s.s of men and women, a thing developing and ascending. That"s where your Hostels come in, Lady Harman; that"s where they"re so important. They"re a pioneer movement. If they succeed--and things in Sir Isaac"s hands have a way of succeeding at any rate to the paying point--then there"ll be a headlong rush of imitations, imitating your good features, imitating your bad features, deepening a groove.... You see my point?"
"Yes," she said. "It makes me--more afraid than ever."
"But hopeful," said Mr. Brumley, presuming to lay his hand for an instant on her arm. "It"s big enough to be inspiring."
"But I"m afraid," she said.
"It"s laying down the lines of a new social life--no less. And what makes it so strange, so typical, too, of the way social forces work nowadays, is that your husband, who has all the instinctive insistence upon every right and restriction of the family relation in his private life, who is narrowly, pa.s.sionately _for_ the home in his own case, who hates all books and discussion that seem to touch it, should in his business activities be striking this tremendous new blow at the ancient organization. For that, you see, is what it amounts to."
"Yes," said Lady Harman slowly. "Yes. Of course, he doesn"t know...."
Mr. Brumley was silent for a little while. "You see," he resumed, "at the worst this new social life may become a sort of slavery in barracks; at the best--it might become something very wonderful. My mind"s been busy now for days thinking just how wonderful the new life might be.
Instead of the old bickering, crowded family home, a new home of comrades...."
He made another pause, and his thoughts ran off upon a fresh track.
"In looking up all these things I came upon a queer little literature of pamphlets and so forth, dealing with the case of the shop a.s.sistants.
They have a great grievance in what they call the living-in system. The employers herd them in dormitories over the shops, and usually feed them by gaslight in the bas.e.m.e.nts; they fine them and keep an almost intolerable grip upon them; make them go to bed at half-past ten, make them go to church on Sundays,--all sorts of petty tyrannies. The a.s.sistants are pa.s.sionately against this, but they"ve got no power to strike. Where could they go if they struck? Into the street. Only people who live out and have homes of their own to sulk in _can_ strike.
Naturally, therefore, as a preliminary to any other improvement in the shop a.s.sistant"s life, these young people want to live out. Practically that"s an impossible demand at present, because they couldn"t get lodgings and live out with any decency at all on what it costs their employers to lodge and feed them _in_. Well, here you see a curious possibility for your Hostels. You open the prospect of a living-out system for shop a.s.sistants. But just in the degree in which you choose to interfere with them, regulate them, bully and deal with them wholesale through their employers, do you make the new living-out method approximate to the living-in. _That"s_ a curious side development, isn"t it?"