"You haven"t known us long enough," said Planter. "We haven"t told you everything because we were afraid you"d think we were silly. Now you"ll know that we aren"t silly, we"re just acting out what a virus tells us to do. We"re slaves, not fools."
It startled Ender to realize that Planter had just confessed that the pequeninos still took some pains to try to impress human beings. "What behaviors of yours yours have anything to do with planetary regulation?" have anything to do with planetary regulation?"
"Trees," said Planter. "How many forests are there, all over the world? Transpiring constantly. Turning carbon dioxide into oxygen. Carbon dioxide is a greenhouse gas. When there"s more of it in the atmosphere, the world gets warmer. So what would we do to make the world get cooler?"
"Plant more forests," said Ela. "To use up more CO2 so that more heat could escape into s.p.a.ce." so that more heat could escape into s.p.a.ce."
"Yes," said Planter. "But think about how we plant our trees."
The trees grow from the bodies of the dead, thought Ender. "War," he said.
"There are quarrels between tribes, and sometimes they make small wars," said Planter. "Those would be nothing on a planetary scale. But the great wars that sweep across the whole world-- millions and millions of brothers die in these wars, and all of them become trees. Within months the forests of the world could double in size and number. That would make a difference, wouldn"t it?"
"Yes," said Ela.
"A lot more efficiently than anything that would happen through natural evolution," said Ender.
"And then the wars stop," said Planter. "We always think there are great causes for these wars, that they"re struggles between good and evil. And now all the time they are nothing but planetary regulation."
"No," said Valentine. "The need to fight, the rage, that that might come from the descolada, but it doesn"t mean the causes you fought for are--" might come from the descolada, but it doesn"t mean the causes you fought for are--"
"The cause we fight for is planetary regulation," said Planter. "Everything fits. How do you think we help with warming the planet?"
"I don"t know," said Ela. "Even trees eventually die of old age."
"You don"t know because you"ve come during a warm time, not a cold one. But when the winters get bad, we build houses. The brothertrees give themselves to us to make houses. All of us, not just the ones who live in cold places. We all build houses, and the forests are reduced by half, by three-quarters. We thought this was a great sacrifice the brothertrees made for the sake of the tribe, but now I see that it"s the descolada, wanting more carbon dioxide in the atmosphere to warm the planet."
"It"s still still a great sacrifice," said Ender. a great sacrifice," said Ender.
"All our great epics," said Planter. "All our heroes. Just brothers acting out the will of the descolada."
"So what what?" said Valentine.
"How can you say that? I learn that our lives are nothing, that we"re only tools used by a virus to regulate the global ecosystem, and you call it nothing?"
"Yes, I call it nothing," said Valentine. "We human beings are no different. It may not be a virus, but we still spend most of our time acting out our genetic destiny. Take the differences between males and females. Males naturally tend toward a broadcast strategy of reproduction. Since males make an almost infinite supply of sperm and it costs them nothing to deploy it--"
"Not nothing nothing," said Ender.
"Nothing," said Valentine, "just to deploy deploy it. Their most sensible reproductive strategy is to deposit it in every available female-- and to make special efforts to deposit it in the healthiest females, the ones most likely to bring their offspring to adulthood. A male does best, reproductively, if he wanders and copulates as widely as possible." it. Their most sensible reproductive strategy is to deposit it in every available female-- and to make special efforts to deposit it in the healthiest females, the ones most likely to bring their offspring to adulthood. A male does best, reproductively, if he wanders and copulates as widely as possible."
"I"ve done the wandering," said Ender. "Somehow I missed out on the copulating."
"I"m speaking of overall trends," said Valentine. "There are always strange individuals who don"t follow the norms. The female strategy is just the opposite, Planter. Instead of millions and millions of sperm, they only have one egg a month, and each child represents an enormous investment of effort. So females need stability. They need to be sure there"ll always be plenty of food. We also spend large amounts of time relatively helpless, unable to find or gather food. Far from being wanderers, we females need to establish and stay. If we can"t get that, then our next best strategy is to mate with the strongest and healthiest possible males. But best of all is to get a strong healthy male who"ll stay and provide, instead of wandering and copulating at will.
"So there are two pressures on males. The one is to spread their seed, violently if necessary. The other is to be attractive to females by being stable providers-- by suppressing and containing the need to wander and the tendency to use force. Likewise, there are two pressures on females. The one is to get the seed of the strongest, most virile males so their infants will have good genes, which would make the violent, forceful males attractive to them. The other is to get the protection of the most stable males, nonviolent males, so their infants will be protected and provided for and as many as possible will reach adulthood.
"Our whole history, all that I"ve ever found in all my wanderings as an itinerant historian before I finally unhooked myself from this reproductively unavailable brother of mine and had a family-- it can all be interpreted as people blindly acting out those genetic strategies. We get pulled in those two directions.
"Our great civilizations are nothing more than social machines to create the ideal female setting, where a woman can count on stability; our legal and moral codes that try to abolish violence and promote permanence of ownership and enforce contracts-- those represent the primary female strategy, the taming of the male.
"And the tribes of wandering barbarians outside the reach of civilization, those follow the mainly male strategy. Spread the seed. Within the tribe, the strongest, most dominant males take possession of the best females, either through formal polygamy or spur-of-the-moment copulations that the other males are powerless to resist. But those low-status males are kept in line because the leaders take them to war and let them rape and pillage their brains out when they win a victory. They act out s.e.xual desirability by proving themselves in combat, and then kill all the rival males and copulate with their widowed females when they win. Hideous, monstrous behavior-- but also a viable acting-out of the genetic strategy."
Ender found himself very uncomfortable, hearing Valentine talk this way. He knew all this was true as far as it went, and he had heard it all before, but it still, in a small way, made him as uncomfortable as Planter was to learn similar things about his own people. Ender wanted to deny it all, to say, Some of us males are naturally civilized. But in his own life, hadn"t he performed the acts of dominance and war? Hadn"t he wandered? In that context, his decision to stay on Lusitania was really a decision to abandon the male-dominant social model that had been engrained in him as a young soldier in battle school, and become a civilized man in a stable family.
Yet even then, he had married a woman who turned out to have little interest in having more children. A woman with whom marriage had turned out to be anything but civilized, in the end. If I follow the male model, then I"m a failure. No child anywhere who carries on my genes. No woman who accepts my rule. I"m definitely atypical.
But since I haven"t reproduced, my atypical genes will die with me, and thus the male and female social models are safe from such an in-between person as myself.
Even as Ender made his own private evaluations of Valentine"s interpretation of human history, Planter showed his own response by lying back in his chair, a gesture that spoke of scorn. "I"m supposed to feel better because humans are also tools of some genetic molecule?"
"No," said Ender. "You"re supposed to realize that just because a lot of behavior can be explained as responses to the needs of some genetic molecule, it doesn"t mean that all pequenino behavior is meaningless."
"Human history can can be explained as the struggle between the needs of women and the needs of men," said Valentine, "but my point is that there are still heroes and monsters, great events and n.o.ble deeds." be explained as the struggle between the needs of women and the needs of men," said Valentine, "but my point is that there are still heroes and monsters, great events and n.o.ble deeds."
"When a brothertree gives his wood," said Planter, "it"s supposed to mean that he sacrifices for the tribe. Not for a virus."
"If you can look beyond the tribe to the virus, then look beyond the virus to the world," said Ender. "The descolada is keeping this planet habitable. So the brothertree is sacrificing himself to save the whole world."
"Very clever," said Planter. "But you forget-- to save the planet, it doesn"t matter which which brothertrees give themselves, as long as a certain number do it." brothertrees give themselves, as long as a certain number do it."
"True," said Valentine. "It doesn"t matter to the descolada descolada which brothertrees give their lives. But it matters to the brothertrees, doesn"t it? And it matters to the brothers like you, who huddle into those houses to keep warm. which brothertrees give their lives. But it matters to the brothertrees, doesn"t it? And it matters to the brothers like you, who huddle into those houses to keep warm. You You appreciate the n.o.ble gesture of the brothertrees who died for you, even if the descolada doesn"t know one tree from another." appreciate the n.o.ble gesture of the brothertrees who died for you, even if the descolada doesn"t know one tree from another."
Planter didn"t answer. Ender hoped that meant they were making some headway.
"And in the wars," said Valentine, "the descolada doesn"t care who wins or loses, as long as enough brothers die and enough trees grow from the corpses. Right? But that doesn"t change the fact that some brothers are n.o.ble and some are cowardly or cruel."
"Planter," said Ender, "the descolada may cause you all to feel-- to come more quickly to a murderous rage, for instance-- so that disputes erupt into warfare instead of being settled among the fathertrees. But that doesn"t erase the fact that some forests are fighting in self-defense and others are simply bloodthirsty. You still have your heroes."
"I don"t give a d.a.m.n about heroes," said Ela. "Heroes tend to be dead, like my brother Quim. Where is he now, when we need him? I wish he hadn"t been a hero." She swallowed hard, holding down the memory of recent grief.
Planter nodded-- a gesture he had learned in order to communicate with humans. "We live in Warmaker"s world now," he said. "What is he he, except a fathertree acting as the descolada instructs? The world is getting too warm. We need more trees. So he"s filled with fervor to expand the forests. Why? The descolada makes him feel that way. That"s why so many brothers and fathertrees listened to him-- because he offered a plan to satisfy their hunger to spread out and grow more trees."
"Does the descolada know that he was planning to put all these new trees on other planets?" said Valentine. "That wouldn"t do much to cool Lusitania."
"The descolada puts hunger in them," said Planter. "How can a virus know about starships?"
"How can a virus know about mothertrees and fathertrees, brothers and wives, infants and little mothers?" said Ender. "This is a very bright virus."
"Warmaker is the best example of my my point," said Valentine. "His name suggests that he was deeply involved and successful in the point," said Valentine. "His name suggests that he was deeply involved and successful in the last last great war. Once again there"s pressure to increase the number of trees. Yet Warmaker chose to turn this hunger to a new purpose, spreading new forests by reaching out to the stars instead of plunging into wars with other pequeninos." great war. Once again there"s pressure to increase the number of trees. Yet Warmaker chose to turn this hunger to a new purpose, spreading new forests by reaching out to the stars instead of plunging into wars with other pequeninos."
"We were going to do it no matter what Warmaker said or did," said Planter. "Look at us. Warmaker"s group was preparing to spread out and plant new forests on other worlds. But when they killed Father Quim, the rest of us were so filled with rage that we planned to go and punish them. Great slaughter, and again, trees would grow. Still doing what the descolada demanded. And now that humans have burned our forest, Warmaker"s people are going to prevail after all. One way or another, we must must spread out and propagate. We"ll s.n.a.t.c.h up any excuse we can find. The descolada spread out and propagate. We"ll s.n.a.t.c.h up any excuse we can find. The descolada will will have its way with us. We"re tools, pathetically trying to find some way to convince ourselves that our actions are our own idea." have its way with us. We"re tools, pathetically trying to find some way to convince ourselves that our actions are our own idea."
He sounded so hopeless. Ender couldn"t think of anything to say that Valentine or he hadn"t already said, to try to wean him away from his conclusion that pequenino life was unfree and meaningless.
So it was Ela who spoke next, and in a tone of calm speculation that seemed incongruous, as if she had forgotten the terrible anxiety that Planter was experiencing. Which was probably the case, as all this discussion had led her back to her own specialty. "It"s hard to know which side the descolada would be on, if it were aware of all this," said Ela.
"Which side of what what?" asked Valentine.
"Whether to induce global cooling by having more forests planted here, or to use that same instinct for propagation to have the pequeninos take the descolada out to other worlds. I mean, which would the virus makers have wanted most? To spread the virus or regulate the planet?"
"The virus probably wants both, and it"s likely to get get both," said Planter. "Warmaker"s group will win control of the ships, no doubt. But either before or after, there"ll be a war over it that leaves half the brothers dead. For all we know, the descolada is causing both things to happen." both," said Planter. "Warmaker"s group will win control of the ships, no doubt. But either before or after, there"ll be a war over it that leaves half the brothers dead. For all we know, the descolada is causing both things to happen."
"For all we know," said Ender.
"For all we know," said Planter, "we may be be the descolada." the descolada."
So, thought Ender, they are are aware of that concern, despite our decision not to broach it with the pequeninos yet. aware of that concern, despite our decision not to broach it with the pequeninos yet.
"Have you been talking to Quara?" demanded Ela.
"I talk to her every day," said Planter. "But what does she have to do with this this?"
"She had the same idea. That maybe pequenino intelligence comes from the descolada."
"Do you think after all your talk about the descolada being intelligent that it hasn"t occurred to us us to wonder that?" said Planter. "And if it"s true, what will you do then? Let all of to wonder that?" said Planter. "And if it"s true, what will you do then? Let all of your your species die so that we can keep our little second-rate brains?" species die so that we can keep our little second-rate brains?"
Ender protested at once. "We"ve never thought of your brains as--"
"Haven"t you?" said Planter. "Then why did you a.s.sume that we would only think of this possibility if some human told us?"
Ender had no good answer. He had to confess to himself that he had been thinking of the pequeninos as if they were children in some ways, to be protected. Worries had to be kept as secrets from them. It hadn"t occurred to him that they were perfectly capable of discovering all the worst horrors on their own.
"And if our intelligence does does come from the descolada, and you found a way to destroy it, what would we become then?" Planter looked at them, triumphant in his bitter victory. "Nothing but tree rats," he said. come from the descolada, and you found a way to destroy it, what would we become then?" Planter looked at them, triumphant in his bitter victory. "Nothing but tree rats," he said.
"That"s the second time you"ve used that term," said Ender. "What are tree rats?"
"That"s what they were shouting," said Planter, "some of the men who killed the mothertree."
"There"s no such animal," said Valentine.
"I know," said Planter. "Grego explained it to me. "Tree rat" is a slang name for squirrels. He showed me a holo of one on his computer in jail."
"You went to visit Grego Grego?" Ela was plainly horrified.
"I had to ask him why he tried to kill us all, and then why he tried to save us," said Planter.
"There!" cried Valentine triumphantly. "You can"t tell me that what Grego and Miro did that night, stopping the mob from burning Rooter and Human-- you can"t tell me that that was just the acting out of genetic forces!"
"But I never said that human human behavior was meaningless," said Planter. "It"s behavior was meaningless," said Planter. "It"s you you that tried to comfort me with that idea. We know that you humans have your heroes. We pequeninos are the ones who are only tools of a gaialogical virus." that tried to comfort me with that idea. We know that you humans have your heroes. We pequeninos are the ones who are only tools of a gaialogical virus."
"No," said Ender. "There are pequenino heroes, too. Rooter and Human, for instance."
"Heroes?" said Planter. "They acted as they did in order to win what they achieved-- their status as fathertrees. It was the hunger to reproduce. They might have looked like heroes to you humans, who only die once, but the death they suffered was really birth. There was no sacrifice."
"Your whole forest forest was heroic, then," said Ela. "You broke free from all the old channels and made a treaty with us that required you to change some of your most deeply-rooted customs." was heroic, then," said Ela. "You broke free from all the old channels and made a treaty with us that required you to change some of your most deeply-rooted customs."
"We wanted the knowledge and the machines and the power you humans had. What"s heroic about a treaty in which all we have to do is stop killing you, and in return you give us a thousand-year boost in our technological development?"
"You aren"t going to listen to any any positive conclusion, positive conclusion, are are you," said Valentine. you," said Valentine.
Planter went on, ignoring her. "The only heroes in that story were Pipo and Libo, the humans who acted so bravely, even though they knew they would die. They had won their freedom from their genetic heritage. What piggy piggy has ever done that on purpose?" has ever done that on purpose?"
It stung Ender more than a little, to hear Planter use the term piggy piggy for himself and his people. In recent years the term had stopped being quite as friendly and affectionate as it was when Ender first came; often it was used now as a demeaning word, and the people who worked with them usually used the term for himself and his people. In recent years the term had stopped being quite as friendly and affectionate as it was when Ender first came; often it was used now as a demeaning word, and the people who worked with them usually used the term pequenino pequenino. What sort of self-hatred was Planter resorting to, in response to what he"d learned today?
"The brothertrees give their lives," said Ela, helpfully.
But Planter answered in scorn. "The brothertrees are not alive the way fathertrees are. They can"t talk. They only obey. We tell them what to do, and they have no choice. Tools, not heroes."
"You can twist anything with the right story," said Valentine. "You can deny any sacrifice by claiming that it made the sufferer feel so good to do it that it really wasn"t a sacrifice at all, but just another selfish act."
Suddenly Planter jumped from his chair. Ender was prepared for a replay of his earlier behavior, but he didn"t circle the room. Instead he walked to Ela where she sat in her chair, and placed both his hands on her knees.
"I know a way to be a true hero," said Planter. "I know a way to act against the descolada. To reject it and fight it and hate it and help destroy it."
"So do I," said Ela.
"An experiment," said Planter.
She nodded. "To see if pequenino intelligence is really centered in the descolada, and not in the brain."
"I"ll do it," said Planter.
"I would never ask you to."
"I know you wouldn"t ask," said Planter. "I demand it for myself."
Ender was surprised to realize that in their own way, Ela and Planter were as close as Ender and Valentine, able to know each other"s thoughts without explaining. Ender hadn"t imagined that this would be possible between two people of different species; and yet, why shouldn"t it be? Particularly when they worked together so closely in the same endeavor.
It had taken Ender a few moments to grasp what Planter and Ela were deciding between them; Valentine, who had not been working with them for years as Ender had, still didn"t understand. "What"s happening?" she asked. "What are they talking about?"
It was Ela who answered. "Planter is proposing that we purge one pequenino of all copies of the descolada virus, put him in a clean s.p.a.ce where he can"t be contaminated, and then see if he still has a mind."
"That can"t be good science," said Valentine. "There are too many other variables. Aren"t there? I thought the descolada was involved in every part of pequenino life."
"Lacking the descolada would mean that Planter would immediately get sick and then eventually die. What having having the descolada did to Quim, the descolada did to Quim, lacking lacking it will do to Planter." it will do to Planter."
"You can"t mean to let him do it," said Valentine. "It won"t prove anything. He might lose his mind because of illness. Fever makes people delirious."
"What else can we do?" asked Planter. "Wait until Ela finds a way to tame the virus, and only then find out that without it in its intelligent, virulent form, we are not pequeninos at all, but merely piggies? That we were only given the power of speech by the virus within us, and that when it was controlled, we lost everything and became nothing more than brothertrees? Do we find that out when you loose the virus-killer?"
"But it"s not a serious experiment with a control--"
"It"s a serious experiment, all right," said Ender. "The kind of experiment you perform when you don"t give a d.a.m.n about getting funding, you just need results and you need them now. The kind of experiment you perform when you have no idea what the results will be or even if you"ll know how to interpret them, but there are a bunch of crazy pequeninos planning to get in starships and spread a planet-killing disease all over the galaxy so you"ve got to do something."
"It"s the kind of experiment you perform," said Planter, "when you need a hero."
"When we need need a hero?" asked Ender. "Or when a hero?" asked Ender. "Or when you you need to need to be be a hero?" a hero?"